Bandaging under Fundamentals of Nursing .pptx

Fundamentals of Nursing

1. FIRST AID

2. Bandaging The process of covering a wound or an injured part.

3. Uses of bandages To prevent contamination of a wound by holding dressings in position To support the injured and give it rest. To control haemorrhage . To immobilize a fracture or a dislocation. To maintain pressure. To immobilize injured part so as to relieve pain.

4. Materials of Bandage Cotton – for open wound Gauze – to protect dressing Domette – to support and secure splint Crepe – to support varicose veins Tubular gauze – to secure the dressing Many tailed bandage – to support strongly or apply pressure to body parts

5. Cotton Bandage Most commonly used to keep dressings in position. Light, absorbent and cheap. Can be discarded after a single used.

6. Gauze Bandage Lighter and absorbent. Discarded after a single use.

7. Crepe Bandage Thicker. Stretchy bandage. Washed and reused.

8. T-Bandage T shape. Used for keeping perineal dressing.

9. Unbleached calico bandages It is used for making trangualr bandages.

10. Types of Bandages Roller Bandagers Use to secure dressing and can give support to injured limb. There are several ways to secure a roller bandage (specialized clips, Adhessive tapes, Safety pins)

11. Trangular Bandagers Use as slings to secure dressing and immobilize the joint .

12. Sizes of the bandages Part Width of bandage (cm) Length of bandage (m) Head 6-8 4-6 2. Chest 10-15 6-8 3. Upper limb 5-6 3-4 4. Thigh 8-9 4 5. Leg 6-8 4 6. Fingers 2.5 2 7. Wrist 5 3 8. Hand 5 3

13. General Principles Select a bandage of proper size with suitable material. Put the patient in a comfortable position. Support the injured area while bandaging. If a joint is involved, flex it slightly. Face the patient while applying ( except to the head.)

14. Pad bony prominences. Hold the roll of the bandage in the right hand when applying left. Hold in the left hand when applying on the right side. Unrolling a few centimeters of the bandage at a time Hold the bandage at the uppermost part. Apply the outer surface to the skin.

15. Put some cottonwhool on the part to be bandaged Bandage from below upward, and from within out ward. At the end of the bandage bind around the outer aspect of the injured area twice to fix it. When bandaging a limb start with an oblique/Slanting turn to keep the bandage in position, as an alternative method.

16. Cover two thirds of the previous loop of the bandage by the next one. Keep the edges parallel. Keep even and not too tight pressure. ( interferes with circulation.) Finish with a straight turn and fix the end with a safety pin, sticking plaster. Dividing the end of the bandage longitudinally and tying the two ends around the bandaged part. Leave fingers and toes exposed to check circulation. When removing a bandage, pass it from one hand to the other.

17. Important points prior to apply the bandager Inspect the skin for abrasions/scratches edema, dislocation or expose wound. Assessing the condition of dressing – Ex: soil dressing/bandage change the dressing/bandage. Assessing the circulatory impairment. Ex: cool, pallor, bluish, numbness Covering the expose wounds or open abrations with sterile dressing.

18. Complications of bandages A. Tight bandage reduces the blood supply to the part. 1 st indication are numbness and cold of the extremities later it becomes blue. 2. Prevent permenant damage to the part of the body immediately removed the bandage. Pressure sores *Insufficient padding over bony part.

19. Loosely application of bandage Increase existing damage. Ex: fracture end of the bone move. Infection - Unsterile or unclean dressing. - Not renew frequently.

20. Application for roller bandage Bandages are normally replaced every time the dressing is changed. A dressing needs to be changed when it gets soaked. A roller bandage may be applied as a, Circular Simple spiral Figure of eight Reverse spiral Spica Recurrent or stump

21. Circular Use to wrap a finger or toe, or as an anchor at the beginning and end of another wrapping technique. With one hand hold one end of the bandager in place. With the other hand encircle the body part several times with the bandage - each wrap should completely cover the previous wrap. If circular turns are not being combined with another technique, secure the bandage with tape or clip.

22. Simple spiral It should only be used when the part to be bandage is uniform thickness, Ex: Fingers, wrist The bandage is carried round in a spiral direction. Anchor the bandage by making two circular turns. You are overlapping the proceeding wrap by two-thirds the width of the bandage. Complete the wrap by making two circular turns and securing the bandage with tape or clips.

23. Figure of eight The figure of 8 wrap is used on joints. Ex: Ankle elbow Anchor the bandage by making two circular turns. Wrap the bandage by ascending above the joint and descending below the joint to form a figure 8. Continue to wrap the bandage, overlapping each turn by two thirds.

24. Reverse spiral Reverse spiral turns and used to bandage cylindrical body parts, that are not uniform in size. Anchor the bandage by making two circular turns. Bring the next wrap up at a 45` angle. Place the thumb of your dominant hand on the wrap to hold the bandage.

25. Fold the bandage back on itself and continue to wrap at a 45` angle in the opposite direction. Continue to wrap the bandage, overlapping each turn by two-thirds. Align each bandage turn at the same position on the extremity. Complete the wrap by making two circular turns and securing the bandage with tape or clip.

26. Spica These is a modified form of figure of 8 use for shoulder, groin and thumb.

27. Recurrent or stump Anchor the bandage by making two circular turns. Fold the bandage back on itself, hold it against the body part with one hand. With the other hand, make a half turn perpendicular to the circule turns and central to the distal end being bandaged recurrent Complete the bandage by making two circular turns and securing the bandage with tape or clip.

28. Application bandage to varies body part – Simple spiral – for the fingers Start with two circular turns around the wrist. Pass obliquely down the back of the tip of the finger. Bind spirals around the finger from its tip to its base leaving the nail open. Return over the back of the hand to the wrist. Fix the bandage around the wrist.

29. Reverse spiral – This is modified spiral in which the role is reverse down, itself according each round. This is used in bandaging parts of the limb where owing to their vary in thickness. It’s impossible to make a simple spiral lie properly. Make the fixing turn around the limb and carry the next turn upward at an angle of 45` Turn the bandage over to cross its self at a right angle and bring it round the limb ready for the next turn.

30. Figure of 8 – The bandage is applied obliquely up and down alternatively to appear like figure of eight. It is used for bandaging of joint such as the knee and elbow. It used to apply pressure over and extended joint. Spica – These is a modified form of figure of eight. Use for shoulder, groin and thumb.

31. Trangular Bandagers

32. LongArm Sling Often used when you have a broken (fractured) or dislocated: - Arm - Elbow - Shoulder.

33. How to Wear Ask the casualty to use their uninjured hand to support their arm. Slide the triangular bandage underneath their arm gently in a manner such that the triangle’s point is located under the elbow of the casualty’s injured arm. The top end of the bandage should then be brought around the back of the neck.

34. How to Wear By folding the bandage’s lower end up over the forearm, make it meet the top area of the bandage at the area of the shoulder on the injured side. Adjust their sling in a way that supports their arm completely right till their pinky finger. Twist the material and tuck it in so that the edge of the bandage by the elbow remains secure. You can also use a safety pin to do so.

35. Other tips: If you do not have material or scissors to make a triangle sling, you can make one using a coat or a shirt. You can also make a sling using a belt, rope, necktie, or sheet. If the injured arm should be kept still, tie the sling to the body with another piece of cloth wrapped around the chest and tied on the uninjured side. Occasionally check for tightness, and adjust the sling as needed. Remove wrist watches, rings, and other jewelry from the arm.

36. Ask the casualty to support their arm with their other hand. Gently slide the triangular bandage underneath the arm. The point of the triangle should be underneath the elbow of the injured arm. Bring the top end of the bandage around the back of the neck. 1

37. Fold the lower end of the bandage up over the forearm to meet the top of the bandage at the shoulder of the injured side. 2

38. Tie the two ends of the bandage together in a reef knot above their collar bone and tuck in the free ends. 3

39. Adjust the sling so that it supports their arm all the way to the end of their little finger. 4

40. Make sure that the edge of the bandage by the elbow is secured by twisting the fabric and tucking it in, or using a safety pin to fasten. 5

41. Check the circulation in their fingertips every 10 minutes. Press their nail for 5 seconds until it turns pale, then release to see if the colour returns within 2 seconds. 6

42. ST JOHN SLING Used to treat injuries to one’s arm, collor band, wrist, hand, and elbow. Fractures, breaks, and shoulder, arm, or wrist trauma are treated It is the best sling in a injured parts because it supports the whole arm and takes the weight of the arm off the injured parts. In the case of hand or fingures injuries, it can be used to elevate the injured part.

43. How to make an Elevation Sling/ ST JOHN SLING This type of sling supports the forearm and hand in a raised position, with the fingertips touching the casualty’s shoulder. This sling can help to control bleeding and minimise swelling in the forearm or hand.

44. 1 Ask the casualty to support their injured arm, across the chest, with their fingers resting on the opposite shoulder

45. Lay the triangular bandage over their chest, on top of the injured arm, with one end over their uninjured shoulder. Hold the point of the bandage just below the elbow on the injured side . 2

46. Tuck the lower part of the bandage underneath the injured arm. Bring it diagonally across their back to meet the other end of the bandage at their shoulder. 3

47. 4 Tie the two ends of the bandage together in a reef knot above their collar bone and tuck in the free ends

48. Make sure that the edge of the bandage by the elbow is secured by twisting the fabric and tucking it in, or using a safety pin to fasten. 5

49. Check the circulation in their fingertips every 10 minutes. Press their nail for 5 seconds until it turns pale, then release to see if the colour returns within 2 seconds. 6

50. COLLAR & CUFF SLING Clove Hitch

51. COLLAR & CUFF SLING Clove Hitch It is usefull for a casualy with a fracture of the upper arm or an injured hand. Allow the elbow to hang naturally at the side and plase the hand extended towardsthe shoulder on the injured side. Then you form a clove hitch by forming two loops. One towards you. One away from you.

52. COLLAR & CUFF SLING Clove Hitch put the loops together by sliding your hands under the loops and closing with a clapping motion, then apply a clove hitch directly on the wrist, but take care clove hitch not to move the injured arm. Slide the clove hitch over the hand and gently pull it fimly to securew the wrist. Extend the points of the bandage to either side of the neck and tie fimly with a reef knot allow the arm to hang comfertably.

53. How to Fold Traingular Bandage

54. Parts of Traingular Bandage