Bands__Tribes.pptx.pdf

Math 8 – mathematics as an axiomatic system

1. Bands, Tribes,
Chiefdoms &
States
Naomi Fullen
Anthropology This study source was downloaded by 100000880827259 from CourseHero.com on 02-14-2024 08:42:06 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/86888948/Bands-Tribespptx/

2. Bands: Societies organized as a band typically comprise foragers who rely
on hunting and gathering and are therefore nomadic, are few in number
(rarely exceeding 100 persons), and form small groups consisting of a few
families and a shifting population (McDowell, 2017)
•No formal leadership.
•Headman responsible for self.
•Modesty is a valued trait.
•Arrogance and Competitiveness are not acceptable.
•Paiute in North America, “rabbit bosses” coordinated rabbit drives during the
hunting season but played no leadership role otherwise (McDowell, 2017).
•There are no formal mediators or any organizational equivalent of a court of law. This study source was downloaded by 100000880827259 from CourseHero.com on 02-14-2024 08:42:06 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/86888948/Bands-Tribespptx/

3. Tribes: Tribal societies have
much larger populations than
bands and thus must have
mechanisms for creating and
maintaining connections
between tribe members
(McDowell,2017).
Tribes use various systems to encourage solidarity or feelings of
connections between people who are not related by family ties.
Sodalities is the systems used to unite people across family groups.
Tribal society Tiriki of Kenya: From birth to about 15 years old
boys become members of one of seven named age sets. Once the
last male is recruited that age set closes and a new on begins.
Tribal societies generally lack systems of codified law whereby
damages, crimes, remedies, and punishments are specified.
Only state-level political systems can determine, usually by writing
formal laws, which behaviors are permissible.
There are no systems of law enforcement whereby an agency such
as the police, the sheriff, or an army can enforce laws enacted by
an appropriate authority. And, as already noted, headman and big
men cannot force their will on others. This study source was downloaded by 100000880827259 from CourseHero.com on 02-14-2024 08:42:06 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/86888948/Bands-Tribespptx/

4. Chiefdoms constitute a political organization characterized by social
hierarchies and consolidation of political power into fulltime specialists
who control production and distribution of resources (Evans, n.d.).
•Leader, or chief is considered a big man on steroids; they relied on persuasive skills and controlled the
resources.
•Chiefs were often spiritual leaders, which helped to demonstrate their right to lead (Evans, n.d.).
•Chiefs settled disputes amongst their constituents but was not always able to force their decisions.
•Successive leadership was often passed down the family line which contributed to hierarchical society,
but leadership was not guaranteed
•Members of the chiefdom were required to handover part of their harvest to the leader (or chief/king) or
their appointed representatives (Evans, n.d.). This study source was downloaded by 100000880827259 from CourseHero.com on 02-14-2024 08:42:06 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/86888948/Bands-Tribespptx/

5. Chiefdom continued
•The chief was expected to redistribute some of this “tax” back to the people through gifting
and feasting.
•Prestige within the chiefdom lay in the amount people were able to give to the chief and in the
amount the chief gave back to individuals or families.
•This differential access, or unequal access to resources, prestige, and power, is a hallmark of a
stratified society. In some groups, it was impossible to move out of one social strata and into
another (Evans, n.d.)
•Primarily kin-based membership.
•Examples of chiefdoms include the Trobriand and Tongan Islanders in the Pacific, the Maori of
New Zealand, the ancient Olmec of Mexico (only known archaeologically), the Natchez of the
Mississippi Valley, the Kwakwaka’wakw of British Columbia, and the Zulu and Ashanti in Africa
(Evans, n.d.). This study source was downloaded by 100000880827259 from CourseHero.com on 02-14-2024 08:42:06 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/86888948/Bands-Tribespptx/

6. •The Ashanti, Ghana (The National
Archives UK) (Evans, n.d.).
•The Ashanti are one of several Akan
groups in southern and central Ghana
and the Ivory Coast.
•The basic settlement pattern of the
Ashanti chiefdom was a series of
villages and towns centered on the
palace of a chief. This study source was downloaded by 100000880827259 from CourseHero.com on 02-14-2024 08:42:06 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/86888948/Bands-Tribespptx/

7. State: State-level societies are the most complex in terms of social,
economic, and political organization, and have a formal government and
social classes. States control or influence many areas of its members lives
(Evans, n.d.).
•States regulates social relations such as marriage, citizen rights and obligations of the citizens.
•Power over their domain.
•Inequality is a way of life with defined social classes.
• They keep track of citizens in terms of number, age, gender, location, and wealth through census
systems (Evans, n.d.).
•Provinces, districts, counties, townships, administer social services and law enforcement.
•Both hierarchical and patriarchal.
•Hegemony
•This United States of America. This study source was downloaded by 100000880827259 from CourseHero.com on 02-14-2024 08:42:06 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/86888948/Bands-Tribespptx/

8. References:
•Tracy Evans, S. (n.d.). Cultural Anthropology. Retrieved October 06, 2020, from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/culturalanthropology/chapter/chiefdoms/
•Tracy Evans, S. (n.d.). Cultural Anthropology. Retrieved October 06, 2020, from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/culturalanthropology/chapter/states/
•Language. In N. Brown, L. Tubelle de Gonzalez, & T. McIlwraith (Eds.),
Perspectives: An open invitation to cultural anthropology. Arlington, VA:
American Anthropological Society.
https://perspectives.pressbooks.com/chapter/language/ This study source was downloaded by 100000880827259 from CourseHero.com on 02-14-2024 08:42:06 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/86888948/Bands-Tribespptx/
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