BANDURA SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

Educational psychology

1. PRESENTED TO: Dr. Fakhra PRESENTED By: Rooha Shahid Kainat Nayyar

2. TOPIC BANDURA SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

3. Albert Bandura Born on December 4, 1925. Known as the father of cognitive theory. Canadian, American. Studied at the University of British Columbia and University of Lowa . Researched and taught at the Stanford University. Elected president of American Psychological association in 1974. Famous for research on social learning theories. In Kansas in 2001, he received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy.

4. Introduction of theory   Social learning theory emphasizes on the importance of observing and modelling the behaviors, attitudes and emotional reactions of others.  Social learning theory focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context.

5. Basic Social Learning concepts   Social learning theory explains human behavior in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences.This theory depend on following steps: 1. Observational learning (people can learn through observation) 2. Intrinsic reinforcement (mental states are important for learning) 3. The modelling process (learning does not lead to a change in behavior)  

6. 1.Observational learning According to Amal Jith :   A live model : Involves an actual individual demonstrating or acting out a behavior. A verbal instructional model : Involves descriptions and explanations of a behavior.    A symbolic model : Which involves real or fictional characters displaying behaviors in books, films, television programs, or online media.

7. 2.Intrinsic Reinforcement

8. According to Saul McLeod (2016)   Second, the people around the child will respond to the behavior it imitates with either reinforcement or punishment.  If a child imitates a model’s behavior and the consequences are rewarding, the child is likely to continue performing the behavior. If a parent sees a little girl consoling her teddy bear and says “what a kind girl you are,” this is rewarding for the child and makes it more likely that she will repeat the behavior.  Her behavior has been reinforced (i.e., strengthened).

9. 3.The Modelling process According to Amal Jith   Not all observed behaviors are effectively learned. Factors involving both the model and the learner can play a role in whether social learning is successful. The following steps are involved in the observational learning and modeling process: Attention Retention Motor reproduction Motivation

10. Attention According to Bandura   Attention including modeled events (distinctiveness, affective valence, complexity, prevalence, functional value) and observer characteristics (sensory capacities, arousal level, perceptual set, past reinforcement). Retention According to Saul McLeod (2016) How well the behavior is remembered. The behavior may be noticed but is it not always remembered which obviously prevents imitation. It is important therefore that a memory of the behavior is formed to be performed later by the observer.  

11. MOTOR REPRODUCTION According to David Reproducing the image. Including physical capabilities, and self-observation of reproduction. MOTIVATION According to David: Having a good reason to imitate. Includes motives such as past (i.e. traditional behaviorism), promised (imagined incentives) and vicarious (seeing and recalling the reinforced model).

12. Principles of social learning theory According to Bandura : Individuals are more likely to adopt a modeled behavior if it results in outcomes they value. The highest level of observational learning is achieved by first organizing and rehearsing the modeled behavior symbolically and then enacting it overtly. Coding modeled behavior into words, labels or images results in better retention than simply observing. Individuals are more likely to adopt a modeled behavior if the model is similar to the observer and has admired status and the behavior has functional value.

13. Research Experiment Bobo the clown. Boys and girls watched a video of a person performing violent acts on a blowup clown named Bobo . Use of kicking, punching and hammering were modeled. When children were then left alone with the same blew up clown they performed the same behaviors they had observed.

14. Summary Core Concept of Social learning theory People can learn through observation. Internal mental state is essential in the learning process. Learning does not necessarily lead to change in behavior.

15. HOW DOES LEARNING TAKES PLACE? STEPS Attending to and perceiving the behavior Remembering the behavior EXPLANATION In this step, the learner is made to observe the behavior of model. Here the particular aspect of behavior may become the subject of close attention. In this step, what the learner observes is filed away in his memory in the form of mental images.

16. Converting the memory into action Reinforcement of imitated behavior In this step, a behavior observed and remembered by learner is analysed in terms of its acceptability with reference to demands of his self. It is then transformed into action. In this step, the behavior of model imitated by learner is reinforced for proper adoption and further continuance.

17. THANK YOU 