BARIATRIC AND GERIATRIC RADIOGRAPHY.pptx

geriatric and bariatric radiography positioning

1. BARIATRIC & GERIATRIC RADIOGRAPHY

2. synopsis : introduction techniques differences radiation dose conclusion

3. introduction: Bariatric radiography Bariatric radiography refers to the specialized imaging techniques and protocols used to perform radiographic examinations on individuals who are obese or have undergone bariatric surgery. Radiography, commonly known as X-ray imaging, is a diagnostic technique that uses ionizing radiation to produce images of the internal structures of the body. Obesity presents unique challenges in radiography due to the increased body mass, which can affect image quality and diagnostic accuracy. Traditional radiography equipment may not be suitable for imaging obese patients due to weight limitations and limitations in imaging penetration power.

4. introduction Geriatric radiography Geriatric radiography refers to the specialized practice of performing radiographic examinations on elderly patients, typically those aged 65 and older. As individuals age, they may experience physiological changes and medical conditions that can impact the imaging process and interpretation of radiographic studies

5. techniques for bariatric radiography : Specialized Equipment: Radiographic equipment designed to accommodate larger patients, including wider tables and larger bore sizes, to support the weight and size of obese individuals. Optimized Imaging Protocols: Adjustments to exposure factors such as mAs (milliampere-seconds) and kVp (kilovoltage peak) to ensure adequate penetration and image quality in obese patients while minimizing radiation dose. Positioning Techniques: Specialized positioning techniques may be necessary to obtain optimal images in obese patients, considering factors such as body habitus and tissue overlap.

6. techniques for bariatric radiography : Radiation Safety: Strict adherence to radiation safety protocols to minimize radiation exposure to both patients and healthcare providers, including the use of lead aprons and thyroid shields. Image Interpretation: Radiologists and radiologic technologists may require specialized training in interpreting radiographic images of obese patients to account for anatomical variations and potential image artifacts. Alternative Imaging Modalities: In some cases, alternative imaging modalities such as CT (computed tomography) or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) may be preferred over traditional radiography for obese patients due to superior imaging capabilities and less dependence on patient positioning.

7. techniques for bariatric radiography : Imaging Challenges and Solutions: The increased soft tissue thickness in obese patients can lead to decreased image contrast and detail. Techniques such as exposure bracketing, grid optimization, and software-based image processing can help enhance image quality. Beam-hardening artifacts caused by the absorption of low-energy photons by the overlying tissue can be mitigated by using appropriate filtration techniques or dual-energy imaging systems. Bariatric radiography often requires specialized equipment beyond just wider tables and larger bore sizes. This might include adjustable detector stands, longer tubes, and weight-bearing capacity that exceeds standard equipment. Some facilities invest in mobile or portable radiography units that can easily navigate through tight spaces or be brought directly to the patient, facilitating imaging in various clinical settings.

8. techniques for geriatric radiography : Physiological Changes: Elderly patients often exhibit age-related changes in body composition, including decreased muscle mass, bone density loss, and alterations in soft tissue distribution. These changes can affect the appearance of radiographic images and may require adjustments in imaging techniques and exposure parameters. Frailty and Mobility Issues: Many geriatric patients experience frailty and mobility limitations, which can pose challenges in positioning for radiographic examinations. Radiographers must exercise care and patience when positioning elderly patients to ensure comfort and safety while obtaining diagnostic images. Coexisting Medical Conditions: Elderly patients often have multiple comorbidities, such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary disorders. Radiographers should be aware of these conditions and their potential impact on radiographic findings and patient management.

9. techniques for geriatric radiography : Radiation Safety: While the risk of radiation-induced adverse effects is generally lower in older adults compared to younger populations, radiation safety remains a priority in geriatric radiography. Radiographers should adhere to established dose optimization principles, such as the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle, to minimize radiation exposure while maintaining diagnostic image quality. Cognitive and Communication Challenges: Some elderly patients may have cognitive impairments or communication difficulties that can affect their ability to cooperate during radiographic procedures. Radiographers should communicate clearly and effectively with elderly patients and their caregivers, providing reassurance and guidance throughout the imaging process.

10. techniques for geriatric radiography : Use of Imaging Modalities: In addition to conventional X-ray radiography, other imaging modalities such as ultrasound, CT (computed tomography), and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) may be used in geriatric patients, depending on the clinical indication and patient characteristics. These modalities offer advantages such as improved soft tissue visualization and reduced radiation exposure in certain scenarios. Geriatric-Specific Protocols: Some radiology departments may develop geriatric-specific imaging protocols tailored to the unique needs and considerations of elderly patients. These protocols may include adjustments in imaging techniques, positioning aids, and collaboration with other healthcare professionals to ensure comprehensive patient care.

11. techniques for geriatric radiography : Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Geriatric radiography often involves collaboration with geriatricians, primary care physicians, nurses, and other healthcare providers to address the complex medical and psychosocial needs of elderly patients. This interdisciplinary approach helps optimize patient outcomes and enhance the quality of care. Medication Management: Elderly patients often take multiple medications, some of which may affect imaging procedures or results. Radiographers should be aware of any medications that could influence the imaging process, such as contrast agents or medications that affect bowel motility, and coordinate with the patient's healthcare team as needed. Fall Risk Assessment: Falls are a significant concern in the elderly population, and radiographers should assess the risk of falls during imaging procedures. This may involve ensuring a safe environment, providing appropriate support and assistance during positioning, and using immobilization devices when necessary to prevent falls.

12. difference between bariatric & geriatric radiography: Bariatric radiography and geriatric radiography are specialized fields within diagnostic imaging that focus on imaging patients with specific characteristics and needs. While there may be some overlap in considerations, there are distinct differences between these two areas:

13. difference between bariatric & geriatric radiography: -Patient Population: Bariatric radiography primarily involves imaging individuals who are obese or have undergone bariatric surgery to manage obesity-related health issues. These patients often have increased body mass and unique anatomical considerations that impact imaging techniques and equipment requirements. Geriatric radiography, on the other hand, focuses on imaging elderly patients, typically aged 65 and older. These patients may present with age-related changes in body composition, coexisting medical conditions, and functional impairments that influence imaging protocols and patient care strategies.

14. difference between bariatric & geriatric radiography: -Physiological Characteristics: In bariatric radiography, patients typically have increased body mass, which can affect the penetration of X-ray beams, image quality, and patient positioning. Imaging techniques and equipment must be optimized to accommodate larger patients and ensure diagnostic quality. Geriatric radiography involves imaging patients who may have age-related changes in body composition, such as decreased muscle mass, bone density loss, and alterations in soft tissue distribution. These physiological changes can impact image interpretation and may require adjustments in imaging protocols and techniques.

15. difference between bariatric & geriatric radiography: -Clinical Considerations: Bariatric radiography focuses on addressing the challenges associated with imaging obese patients, including limited equipment capacity, image quality degradation, and radiation dose optimization. Techniques such as specialized positioning, exposure parameter adjustments, and alternative imaging modalities may be employed. Geriatric radiography involves considerations related to the aging process, such as frailty, mobility limitations, cognitive impairments, and coexisting medical conditions. Radiographers must adapt imaging protocols and patient care strategies to meet the unique needs and challenges of elderly patients.

16. difference between bariatric & geriatric radiography: -Patient Care Strategies: Patient care strategies in bariatric radiography often focus on ensuring patient comfort, dignity, and safety during imaging procedures, as well as optimizing radiation dose and image quality for larger patients. In geriatric radiography, patient care strategies may involve addressing mobility challenges, sensory impairments, cognitive deficits, and communication barriers, as well as providing support and assistance throughout the imaging process.

17. radiation dose in bariatric radiography: Increased Absorption and Scatter: Obese patients typically have thicker body tissues, which can result in greater attenuation of the X-ray beam and increased scatter radiation. As a result, higher radiation doses may be required to achieve adequate image quality. Optimized Exposure Parameters: Radiographers may need to adjust exposure parameters such as tube current (mAs) and tube voltage (kVp) to account for the increased body mass and tissue attenuation in obese patients. Optimization of exposure parameters helps balance image quality with radiation dose .

18. radiation dose in bariatric radiography: Automatic Exposure Control (AEC): Many modern radiography systems are equipped with AEC systems that adjust exposure parameters based on the thickness and composition of the imaged body part. These systems can help optimize radiation dose while maintaining image quality. Use of Grids and Collimation: Grids are often used in radiography to reduce scattered radiation and improve image contrast. However, using a grid also increases patient dose. Collimation of the X-ray beam to include only the relevant anatomy helps minimize unnecessary radiation exposure to surrounding tissues.

19. radiation dose in bariatric radiography: ALARA Principle: Healthcare providers adhere to the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle when performing radiographic procedures. This principle emphasizes minimizing radiation dose while maintaining diagnostic image quality. Techniques such as shielding and proper positioning help reduce unnecessary radiation exposure. Radiation Safety Training: Radiographers receive training in radiation safety principles and techniques to minimize radiation dose to patients and themselves. This includes proper positioning of the patient and X-ray equipment, as well as the use of shielding devices when appropriate.

20. radiation dose in geriatric radiography: Radiation Sensitivity: Elderly patients may be more sensitive to the effects of ionizing radiation due to factors such as reduced cellular repair mechanisms and underlying health conditions. Therefore, minimizing radiation dose is particularly important in this population to mitigate the risk of radiation-induced adverse effects.

21. radiation dose in geriatric radiography: Dose Optimization Techniques: Radiographers employ various dose optimization techniques to reduce radiation exposure during geriatric radiography. These may include: Automatic exposure control (AEC) systems: AEC adjusts radiation exposure based on the thickness and composition of the imaged anatomy, optimizing dose while maintaining image quality. Pulse fluoroscopy: Pulse fluoroscopy techniques reduce radiation exposure during dynamic imaging procedures by pulsing the X-ray beam. Low-dose protocols: Imaging protocols tailored specifically for elderly patients may incorporate lower radiation doses while still providing diagnostically acceptable images.

22. radiation dose in geriatric radiography: Collimation and Shielding: Proper collimation of the X-ray beam to include only the relevant anatomy helps minimize unnecessary radiation exposure to surrounding tissues. Additionally, lead shielding devices are used to protect sensitive organs from radiation exposure. Image Receptor Technology: Advancements in digital radiography (DR) technology allow for dose reduction through improved detector sensitivity and image processing algorithms. DR systems can achieve diagnostic image quality with lower radiation doses compared to traditional film-screen systems.

23. radiation dose in geriatric radiography: Justification and Optimization: The principles of justification and optimization, as outlined in the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle, guide radiographers in minimizing radiation dose while ensuring that the benefits of the imaging procedure outweigh the associated risks. Patient-Specific Factors: Radiographers consider patient-specific factors such as body habitus, clinical indications, and imaging objectives when determining appropriate radiation dose levels. Adjustments may be made based on factors such as patient size, tissue composition, and underlying health conditions.

24. conclusion : In conclusion, both bariatric and geriatric radiography are specialized fields within diagnostic imaging that require careful consideration of patient characteristics, equipment needs, and imaging techniques to ensure optimal outcomes. Bariatric radiography focuses on imaging larger and heavier patients, often requiring specialized equipment such as bariatric imaging tables, digital radiography systems with higher weight capacities, and mobile X-ray units for bedside imaging. Techniques for radiation dose optimization, patient positioning aids, and radiation protection are essential to address the unique challenges posed by obesity. Geriatric radiography, on the other hand, involves imaging elderly patients who may present with age-related physiological changes, frailty, mobility limitations, and cognitive impairments. Equipment considerations for geriatric radiography include adjustable imaging tables, mobile X-ray units for bedside imaging, and low-dose imaging techniques to minimize radiation exposure. Radiolucent positioning aids, communication devices, and wheelchair-accessible imaging rooms are also important for ensuring patient comfort, safety, and cooperation during imaging procedures.

25. conclusion: In both bariatric and geriatric radiography, interdisciplinary collaboration, patient-centered care, and adherence to radiation safety principles are essential to provide high-quality diagnostic imaging while promoting patient well-being. By employing specialized equipment and techniques tailored to the specific needs of bariatric and geriatric patients, healthcare providers can effectively perform radiographic examinations and contribute to improved patient outcomes in these populations.

26. MCQ

27. What specialized equipment is often used to accommodate larger patients during bariatric radiography? a) Narrow imaging tables b) Traditional X-ray grids c) Mobile X-ray units d) Bariatric imaging tables

28. Which of the following is a common challenge in bariatric radiography? a) Reduced radiation sensitivity b) Decreased tissue attenuation c) Limited body mass d) Image quality degradation

29. What adjustments might be necessary in exposure parameters for bariatric radiography to ensure adequate image penetration and quality? a) Decrease mAs and kVp b) Increase mAs and decrease kVp c) Increase mAs and kVp d) No adjustments are needed

30. Which imaging modality is commonly used as an alternative to traditional radiography in bariatric patients? a) Ultrasound b) MRI c) CT d) PET

31. Which of the following factors contributes to the increased sensitivity of elderly patients to radiation? a) Higher tissue attenuation b) Enhanced cellular repair mechanisms c) Reduced cellular repair mechanisms d) Greater tolerance to radiation

32. Which of the following is a common challenge in geriatric radiography? a) Increased muscle mass b) Decreased bone density c) Enhanced cellular repair mechanisms d) Higher tolerance to radiation

33. THANK YOU