Barium studies

Normal Barium Study Of Gastro-Intestinal Tract

1. Barium Studies of Gastro-Intestinal Tract Dr. Mathew Joseph MBBS,MD(2nd Year),BCCPM Junior Resident Department of Anatomy All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Rishikesh

2. Introduction Group of diagnostic tests used to detect abnormalities of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract using X-ray imaging. Radio-opaque contrast used: Barium Sulphate It coats lining of the digestive tract, allowing accurate X-ray imaging of the part to be examined.

3. Barium Sulphate is mixed with water and is swallowed. Following this a series of X-rays are taken.

4. Classification Barium Studies : 1. Upper Gastro-Intestinal Series 2. Lower Gastro-Intestinal Series

5. Upper Gastro-Intestinal Series Barium Swallow Examination Barium Meal Examination Barium Follow Through Examination Enteroclysis / Small Bowel Enema

6. Lower Gastro-Intestinal Series 1. Barium Enema Examination

7. Procedure Medical History Clinical Status Patient Consent Barium Study

8. Barium Swallow No special preparations are required. Study of the larynx, pharynx, and esophagus. A thick barium mixture(350-450  mL ) is swallowed in supine position. Fluoroscopic images of the swallowing process are made. The procedure is repeated several times with the examination table tilted at various angles .  Normally, 90% of ingested fluid should have passed into the stomach after 15 seconds.

9. Normal Barium Swallow

10. Barium Meal and Follow Through For barium meal or barium follow-through examinations, a 6-hour period of fasting is observed prior to the studies.  Barium is administered orally, sometimes mixed with  drugs  to reduce transit time in the bowel and to enhance gastric emptying . X-ray images are then taken in a supine position at intervals of 20–30 minutes .

11. Real-time fluoroscopy is used to assess bowel motility. The radiologist may press or palpate the abdomen during images to separate intestinal loops. The total time necessary for the test depends on the speed of bowel motility or transit time and may vary between 1 and 3 hours.

12. Normal Barium Meal

13. Normal Barium Follow Through

14. Enteroclysis Fasting for 8 hours prior to examination. Laxative : Bowel preparation and cleansing . Infusion of thin barium sulfate suspension (500 -1000 ml) into the bowel through a duodenal tube . Fluroscopy done or viewed as standard radiographs taken at frequent intervals. The technique is a double-contrast procedure that allows detailed imaging of the entire small intestine . 6 hours or longer to complete.

15. Enteroclysis

16. Barium Enema Large intestine conditions. Thorough cleaning of the large intestine is necessary for accurate pictures. Laxative, Warm water enema ,NPO before 8-10 hours. Patient is asked to lie on their side while a well lubricated enema tube is inserted into the rectum.

17. Barium sulphate suspension is infused and x-ray examination is done.

18. Barium Enema

19. Indications D iagnose and monitor esophageal reflux Dysphagia Hiatus hernia Strictures Diverticula Pyloric stenosis Gastritis Enteritis Volvulus Varices Ulcers Tumors Gastrointestinal dysmotility Detect foreign bodies.

20. Contraindications Suspected Bowel Perforation Hypersensitivity to barium Pregnancy Recent biopsy

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