SEISMIC ISOLATION APPLICATIONS IN
JAPAN
Akira Wada
Professor Emeritus, Tokyo Institute of Technology
North Macedonia-Japan Workshop
February 9-10, 2023
We hope we learn and discuss
many things withNorth Macedonia.
North Macedoniaand Japan are friends for a long time.
KumamotoEarthquake 20160414
Returnto1995 and 2011
On January 17, 1995
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KobeGreatEarthquake
Turkish Association for Seismic
Isolation
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[建物のモデル化]
・柱,梁は非線形の曲げ特性,線形の軸方向特性(ただし,梁では考慮しない),せん断特性を有
する線材に置換する。
・柱,梁の曲げ特性はTakedaモデルにより表現する。
・柱,梁の曲げ降伏変形角は0.0066(=1/150)rad.とする。
・非構造壁は考慮しない。
・床は剛床を仮定する。
・支持条件は柱脚固定支持とする。
12 story Steel Concrete Apartment
Building of Sendai-City
Courtesy of Prof. Yasushi Sanada, Osaka University
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Our responsibility and
mission were not satisfied
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Professors recommend
Ductile Frames
to students.
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“Designed to protect life in extreme
event,but damage is expected”
Prof. Stephen Mahinsaid.
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Protect people life,but damages of
so many buildings are expected.
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Ductility is Damage
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New Seismic Design
1. Human life have to be safe
2. Building can use after some repaired
3. Continuous Use just after earthquake
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Passive ControlIsolation Ductile
3 seismic structural systems
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Shosoinmore than 1300 years ago years
Shosoinmore than 1300 years ago years
Shosoinmore than 1300 years ago years
Seismic Isolated Hospital
Maximum displacement is 45cm
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Houses are
the base of people life
•3 requirements have to be satisfied.
1: Maintain function for continuous use
2: Repairable for building value itself
3: No collapse for human life
•Then, the seismic isolated structures
are needed for housing structures in
seismically prone countries.
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Apartment houses
around 10 story buildings
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Apartment houses
around 10 story buildings
•Design shear force of super structure <
0.08W to 0.15W
•Shear force response in isolated layer <
0.13W
•Floor response of super structure < 0.15G to
0.25G
•Displacement in isolated layer = 300-400mm
•Story deformation < 0.005*height
•Construction cost = Conventional cost or less
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Apartment
buildings
taller than
30 story
buildings
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Apartment houses
taller than 30 story buildings
•Design shear force of super structure <
0.05W to 0.07W
•Shear force response in isolated layer <
0.05W to 0.07W
•Floor response of super structure < 0.07G to
0.25G
•Displacement in isolated layer = 300-350mm
•Story deformation < 0.005*height
•Construction cost < Conventional structure
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Seismic isolated
twin steel tall
building
in TITech
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2FL
7FL
14FL
20FL
RFL
M FL
(Base-Isolation)
1FLx
Uplift of Isolator
Capacity: +20mm
(h)
Seismic Isolated
Steel Tall Building
constructing in
TITech Now
4 Stepping Columns
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Additional mass and flexibility
}
220 ton Mass
Spring simulating
flexibility of
upper story
RC Frame
Specimen
Shaking Table
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Introduction of column axial forces
5,500 mm
Column
600 mm
80 ton axial force
by post-tensioning
Beam
Soft spring washers
850 mm
2,750 mm
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Elevation view during test
Natural period of the system : T
1 = 0.6sec
220 ton Inertia Mass
Columns
Beam
Rubber bearings
Load cell
Shaking table
Device
Isolator
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Plan view during test
Natural period of the system : T
1 = 0.6sec
220 ton Inertia Mass
on Isolation Rubber
ColumnsBeam
Rubber bearingLoad cell
Loading rig
Shaking Table
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1987 to 1988
Buckling
Restrained
Braces
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Many Unbonded Braces are
Installed
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Prof. Robert Park
Prof. Thomas Paulay
at Canterbury University
They introduced ductile moment
reinforced concrete frames in
earthquake prone countries, but
they said at that time:
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Prof. Robert Park
Prof. Thomas Paulay
at Canterbury University
They introduced ductile moment
reinforced concrete frames in
earthquake prone countries, but
they said at that time:
Ductility is not final goal.
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Conclusion 1/2
•A city is consisted of many buildings.
•People don't want to return to the
damaged building.
•When many buildings were demolished in
a city, we can not stay in the cityand we
can’t say that we make a resilient city.
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Conclusion 2/2
•We must consider not only resilience of a
building, but also resilience of a city
consist of many buildings.
•Then we must use seismic isolation and
passive controlled structures.
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We, structural engineers, have a mission
to make the world a better place to live.
Thank you very much for your attention.
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