Basic Chemistry(kimia dasar)-TI 2024.pptx

menjelaskan tentang materi kimia dasar untuk bahan referensi belajar

1. Fundamental Chemistry Dr.rer.nat. WITRI WAHYU LESTARI, MSc Chemistry Department, Sebelas Maret University (UNS) Surakarta, 201 6

2. Profile 2018 OWSD-Elsevier Foundation Awards L’ORÉAL-UNESCO FOR WOMEN IN material SCIENCE NATIONAL 2014 AWARDS 2003 (S1): Kimia/UNS 2003: CPNS Dosen UNS 2005: diterima DAAD (master program), German Course 2008(S2): Master of Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy/Univ. Leipzig Jerman 2009-2010: Coworker Prof. Hey-Hawkins 2011-2014: FFTF Schlumberger Foundation Fellow untuk S3 2014 (S3): Doctor ( bidang : Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry)/ Univ Leipzig Jerman 2014: Kembali mengabdi ke UNS 26 Fantastic Female Scientists – versi : Asian Scientist Magazine, 2019

3. D Disneyland, Paris

4. Chemistry-Industry

5. https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Chemical-Sector-Profile_Final%20508.pdf

6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720305088

7. Outline: Introduction (the concept in chemistry) Measurement Stoichiometry Reaction in solution Acid and Base, hydrolisis, buffer Chemical thermodynamics Electronic Structure and Periodic Table Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry Chemical Equilibrium Chemical Kinetics Nuclear Chemistry Organic Chemistry and polymer Chemistry and Industry Ujian (UTS dan UAS) Tugas: poster dan artikel ilmiah popular Quiz : Presentasi dan Tanya jawab - G-drive ke koordinator (sebelum UAS) Reff : - General Chemistry , J. B. Umland, West publishing Company -Chemistry, The study of Matter and Ist changes, Brady and Holum, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

8. What is chemistry (?) Keywords: science, matter (substances), chemicals, material-things, properties, composition, changes. Materials : discover and create

9. WHY study chemistry (?) Touches every science (science of all science.) Touches our daily life The way of thinking Decision maker New knowledges, etc. Large area : Sustainable fuel, new anticancer drugs, kinds of molecules are observed in inter-stellar space. The industrial sector : petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, medicine, food and drink, metals, polymers, computing and scientific journalism.

10. Scientific Method Observation Empirical facts Scientific laws Explanation hypothesis Theories Experiments Spectacular & dramatic changes -new thoeries Contoh kasus: Penemuan urea oleh Friedrich Wöhler (1828) dari pemanasan ammonium cyanate: AgNCO + NH 4 Cl → (NH 2 ) 2 CO + AgCl

11. Scientific Method Am 22. Februar 1828 schreibt Wöhler einen Brief an Berzelius " Ich kann, so zu sagen, mein chemisches Wasser nicht halten und muß Ihnen sagen, daß ich Harnstoff machen kann, ohne dazu Nieren oder überhaupt ein Tier, sey es Mensch oder Hund, nöthig zu haben. Ich fand, daß immer wenn man Cyansäure mit Ammoniak zu verbinden sucht, eine kristallisierte Substanz entsteht, die... weder auf Cyansäure noch auf Ammoniak reagierte..., und es bedurfte nun weiter Nichts als einer vergleichenden Untersuchung mit Pisse - Harnstoff, den ich in jeder Hinsicht selbst gemacht hatte, und dem Cyan - Harnstoff. Wenn nun... kein anderes Produkt als Harnstoff, entstanden war, so mußte endlich... der Pisse - Harnstoff genau dieselbe Zusammensetzung haben, wie das cyansaure Ammoniak. Und dies ist in der That der Fall ."

12. Matter and Energy MATTER (substance): anything that occupies space and has mass. Mass: how much matter there is in a given object. Weight: refers the force with which the object is attracted by gravity. Matter is commonly observed in three different physical states : -solid -liquid -gas ENERGY (?) -Chemical reaction: absorption or release energy -integral part of study of chemistry -more difficult -Kinetic and potential energy - Law of conversion of energy : energy can be neither created nor destroyed: it can only be changed from one form to another .

13. Properties of Matter A physical property : without changing the chemical makeup of substances A chemical property : chemical changes (chemical reaction) that a substance undergoes Example : Sugar xxxx (?) Color, freezing point, boliling point, and conductivity (PP) Extensive property : mass and volume Intensive property : color, electrical conductivity Reduction at cathode: 2 H + ( aq ) + 2e −  → H 2 ( g ) Oxidation at anode: 2 H 2 O( l ) → O 2 ( g ) + 4 H + ( aq ) + 4e − Cathode (reduction): 2 H 2 O( l ) + 2e −  → H 2 ( g ) + 2 OH − ( aq ) Anode (oxidation): 4 OH − ( aq ) → O 2 ( g ) + 2 H 2 O( l ) + 4 e Overall reaction: 2 H 2 O( l ) → 2 H 2 ( g ) + O 2 ( g )

14. Unit of Measurement Qualitatif and Quantitative measurement The Internasional system of Unit SI = Le Syst é me International d‘Unit é s SI base units Measurement Unit Symbol Lenght meter m Mass kilogram kg Time second s Electric curret ampere A Temperature kelvin K Amount of substance mole mol Luminous intensity Candela cd

15. Unit of Measurement Decimal Multiplayer Prefix Symbol Multiplication factor E 10 18 P 10 15 T 10 12 G 10 9 M 10 6 k 10 3 h 10 2 da 10 1 meter m 1

16. Unit of Measurement Decimal Multiplayer Prefix Symbol Multiplication factor meter m 1 d 10 -1 c 10 -2 m 10 -3 μ 10 -6 n 10 -9 p 10 -12 f 10 -15 atto a 10 -18 1 L = 1 dm 3 1 L = 1000 mL 1 cm 3 = 1 mL

17. Unit of Measurement Temperature Water freezes water boils : 100 °C = 212 °F Ice melts = 373.15 K Or mixture The relationship: t F = 9/5 t C + 32 °F T K = tc + 273.15 32 °F or 0 °C or 273.15 K Counting Significant figures Accuracy : how close a measurement is to the actual, true value Precision : how closely measurements are to each other

18. Classification of matter MATTER MIXTURES PURE SUBSTANCES p Physical separation Constant composition Variable composition elements compounds homogeneous heterogeneous Chemical reactions

19. Introduction: the structure of matter Atom, Molecules, and Ions Element: substances that can not be decomposed into simpler materials by chemical reactions Compounds: a substance formed from two or more elements in which the elements are always combined in the same fixed (i.e. constant) proportions by mass. Mixtures: -can have variable compositions - can be homogeneous (solution) and heterogeneous - only physical changes