Basic Components of A research Proposal Ch 3).pptx

Basic Components of A research Proposal

1. CHAPTER THREE Research proposal

2. Research Proposal is just like BLUEPRINT is a systematic PLAN, is an overall plan, scheme, structure and strategy designed to obtain answers to the research problems or questions. It should outline the various tasks you plan to undertake to fulfill your research objectives , test hypothesis or obtain answers to your research questions.

3.   research proposal is a concise and coherent summary of your proposed research It is a blue print of future activities of a research project a work plan, prospectus, outline, and statement of intent ahead It deals with ideas of researcher about what research he/she wants to do What research question (s) will be addressed what objectives and methodology he/she has set how much time and resources are required to complete it How the results of the research will be evaluated how the research finding are to be reported and so on.

4. Functions of research proposal It serves as a basis for determining the feasibility of the project. It provides a systematic plan of procedure for the researcher to follow. It gives the research supervisor a basis for guiding the researcher while conducting the study. It reduces the probability of costly mistakes . It serves as framework for the process of reliable and valid data collection and analysis; It saves the researcher from offering hasty generalizations or misleading conclusions;

5. Basic Components of A research Proposal Prefatory parts Chapter One-Introduction/the problem and its Background Chapter Two-Literature Chapter Three-Methodology Reference Annex

6. DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE TITLE

7. DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE TITLE The title defines the contents of your manuscript in as few words as possible. The title of any research project:- Should be as brief as possible Should be as precise as possible Indicate accurately the subject and scope of the study. Avoid using abbreviations.

8. In selecting a title for investigation, the researcher should consider the following: What makes an effective research title? The title should not be too lengthy or too narrow . It should be specific to the area of study. It should be noted that the proposed study can not completely be presented in the title. The title should not be too brief or too short as being so brings vagueness. The “title” should be descriptive , direct , accurate, appropriate, interesting, concise, precise, unique, and should not be misleading.

9. A. Introduction: The introduction of a research plan or proposal should place the research problem in its historical perspective ; state the need for studying it, and the researcher’s precise interests in the study of the problem. to present and discuss the research question , the specific aspect of the broader research area or topic you will be examining in your study . Summarize existing research Capture reader interest

10. State the research problem, which is often referred to as the purpose of the study Provide the context and set the stage for your research question in such a way as to show its necessity and importance The background of the study outlines the historical, theoretical, and empirical background that led to the research Identify the key independent and dependent variables of your experiment This is the point where you are supposed to show the gap by referring other scholars previous researches 1.Background of the Study

11. 2. Background of the Organization/Industry

12. 3. Statement of the problem A research problem statement is a clear, concise, and specific statement that describes the issue or problem that the research project addresses Having provided a broad introduction to the area under study, now focus on issues relating to the central theme; identify some of the gaps in the existing body of knowledge. Identify some of the main an unanswered questions. It elaborates about the problem . It attempts to focus on a goal. Is Just Justification of why we want to do the research 4. The objectives of the Study In this section include a statement of both your study’s general and specific objectives . The main objective indicates the central thrust of your study whereas the specific objective(s) identify ( ies ) the specific issues you propose to examine Use action oriented verbs such as “to determine ” to find out ,to ascertain , in formulating specific objectives which should be numerically listed. Intro….

13. 6. The hypotheses to be tested Hypothesis is a statement of your assumptions about the prevalence of a phenomenon or about a relationship between two variables that you plan to test within the framework of the study. When formulating a hypothesis you have an obligation to draw conclusions about it in the text of the report. It is a tentative answer to your research question that has not yet been tested. You must be acquainted with the correct way of wording them. In a study you may have as many hypotheses as you want to test. Intro….

14. Example H 1 = A student’s self-esteem and academic achievement at school are positively correlated. H 2 = The greater the parental involvement in a student’s studies, the higher the academic achievement. H 3 = A student’s attitude towards teachers is positively correlated with his/her academic achievement. H i =etc. Intro….

15. 7. Significance of the Study a written statement that explains why your research was needed. for the Researcher for the organizations for the Society/ customers For the Government policy 8. Definition of terms and concepts The technical terms or words and phrases having special meaning need to be defined operationally. Intro….

16. Limitations of the Study In your opinion the study design you chose may not be the best but you might have had to adopt it for a number of reasons. This is classified a limitation of the study. This is also true for sampling or measurement procedures. Such limitations should be communicated to readers. Listing problems is not the only thing to do so. But also, we should clarify the way that we have planned to tackle such problems. Intro….

17. 10. Scope of the Study Geographically Conceptually, Methodologically, Timeliness

18. B. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Theoretical review Empirical Review Conceptual Framework

19. C. Methodology describes how your research was conducted is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic Identify the methodology that underpins your research and give a rationale for your approach . Show how you have used your review of the literature to construct your own research methodology. Answers the Question HOW?

20. Cont’d 11. The study design are the set of methods and procedures used to collect and analyze data in a study Describe the study design you plan to use to answer your research questions. (For example, say whether it is descrptive, Explanatory, Exploratory , a cross sectional’, ‘before-and-after’, experimental’ or non-experimental’ design.) Approaches: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed research Approaches

21. 12. The setting (Optional with background of the Organization Part) Briefly describe the organization, agency or community in which you will conduct your study. If the study is about a group of people, highlight some of the salient characteristics of the group (e.g., its history, size, composition, structure) and draw attention to any available relevant information.

22. If your research concerns and agency, office or organization, include the following in your description: The main services provided by the agency, office or organization; Its administrative structure ; The type of clients served; and Information about the issues that are central to your research.

23. If you are studying a community, briefly describe some of the main characteristics, such as: The size of the community; A brief social profile of the community (i.e., the composition of the various groups within it); and Issues of relevance to the central theme of your study.

24. 13. Measurement procedures This section should contain a discussion of your instrument and the details of how you plan to operationalise your major variables To start with, justify your choice of research tool , highlighting its strength and pointing out its weaknesses, Then outline the major segments of your research tool and their relevance to the main objectives of the study.

25. If you are using a standard instrument, briefly discuss the availability of evidence on its reliability and validity . If you adapt or modify it in any way, describe and explain the changes you have made. You should also discuss how you are going to operationalise the major concepts. For example, if measuring effectiveness, specify how it will be measured.

26. If you plan to measure the self-esteem of a group of people, mention the main indicators of self-esteem and the procedures for its measurement (e.g., the Likert scale, or any other procedure). Ideally you should attach a copy of the research instrument to your proposal.

27. 14. Sampling Under this section of the proposal include the following The size of the sampling population (if known), and from where and how this information will be obtained; The size of the sample you are planning to select, and your reasons for choosing this size; and An explanation of the sampling design you are planning to use in the selection of the sample (Probable or non probable sampling Techniques)

28. 15. Sources of Data

29. 16. Analysis of data In general terms, describe the strategy you intend to use for data analysis . Specify whether the data will be analysed manually or by computer. For computer analysis, identify the program and the statistical procedures you plan to perform on the data. Also identify the main variables or cross-tabulation. The details of the statistical techniques and the rationales for using such techniques should be described.

30. 17. The structure of the report As clearly as possible, state how you intend to organize the final report. Plan to develop your chapters round the main themes or your study. The title of each chapter should around the main themes of your study. The title of each chapter should clearly communicate the main thrust of its contents.

31. 18. Work schedule You must set yourself dates as you need to complete the research within a certain time- frame. List the various operational steps you need to undertake and indicate against each the date by which you aim to complete that task. Remembers to keep some time towards the end as a ‘cushion’ in case the research process does not go as smoothly as planned. Develop a chart ( E.g Ghant Chart).

32. 19. Appendix Attach your research instrument supplementary materials like raw data, lengthy quotes, or supporting documents. Bulk information

33. Citation A citation appears in the main text of the paper. APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14). Reference is a detailed description of the source of information that you want to give credit to via a citation. Use the APA ( American Psychological Association) METHOD Mendeley (install the software)

34. Biblography a list of sources that appears at the end of a research paper or an article, and contains information that may or may not be directly mentioned in the research paper.

35. NB: General Format of research Proposal CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1 Back ground of the study 1.2 statement of the problem 1.3. Research Questions / Hypothesis 1.4. Objective of the study 1.4.1General Objective of the study 1.4.2 Specific Objectives of the study 1.5 Significance of the study 1.6 Delimitation / scope/ of the study

36. 1.7 Limitation of the study 1.8. Definition of terms 1.9 Organizaton of the study

37. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction Theoretical review Emperical review Concepyual review

38. Chapter-Three Methodology of the Study 3.1. Introduction 3.2 Research Design and approach 3.3 Target Population 3.4 Sampling size and sampling techniques 3.5 Sources and types of data 3.6 Method of data collection 3.7 Data process and analysis 3.8. Work plan ( Time and Budget Schedule) Bibliography/references

39. Chapter 4 Research Design (planning of research project)

40. Thank you!