Basic concept of geography

basic geographical concepts are divided into twelve elements :
location , distance, space, direction etc...

1. Presented to: Sir Asad Aziz Presented by: 19011504 -023 19011504-042 19011504-049 19011504-052 19011504-057 19011504-061 Course : Fundamentals of Geography GEO-103 Semester: (B.S)2nd Department: Islamic studies

2. What is geography?

3. Basic Geographical concepts Basic geographical concepts are divided into twelve elements. These elements are: 1 : Location 2 : Distance 3 : Space 4 : Accessibility 5 : Spatial Interaction 6 : Direction 7 : Size and Scale 8 : Distribution 9 : Spatial Diffusion 10 : Place 11:Realms 12 : Regions

4. location

5. Nominal and relative location Nominal is derived from word name it means the name of place or exact location. Ex: Pakistan, Punjab, Gujrat etc. A relative location is the position of something relative to another landmark or surrounding features. Ex: You might say Distance between Kharian and Mandi Bahauddin is 44 kilometers (27 miles).

6. Absolute and location Absolute describes the position of a feature or event in space, using some form of geographic coordinates. Ex: Absolute location of Pakistan : 30.3753 ° N, 69.3451° E Absolute location of Dinga city. 32.6386° N, 73.7184° E

7. Cognitive location Cognitive location refers to the personal cognitive image of place and regions complied from personal knowledge, experience and impressions.

8. Distance

9. S pace

10. Accessibility Accessibility is defined as the ability to reach a place with respect to another place. In this context, accessibility refers to the ease of reaching destinations. Accessibility in regards to geography is an important element in mobility for people, freight, or information. Mobility is determined by people and affects infrastructure, transport policies, and regional development. Transportation systems that offer better opportunities of accessibility are considered well-developed and efficient and have a cause and effect relationship to various social and economic options.

11. Spatial Interaction Spatial interaction is movement of people, ideas, and commodities with and between areas. For example, a change in land use from rural to high density can affect traffic congestion in adjoining areas.

12. Direction

13. Types of directions

14. Size and Scale The size and scale affects the degree of generalization of the features being mapped .

15. Large scale

16. Distribution

17. Elements of Distribution

18. Spatial Diffusion In geography, the term diffusion refers to the spread of people, things, ideas, cultural practices, disease, technology, weather, and other factors from place to place. This kind of proliferation is known as spatial diffusion.

19. Sub elements

20. Place

21. Realms

22. 12 major realms All of the world divided into twelve major realms.

23. Regions A large geographical area on earth surface is called region.

24. Functional region define as set of activities, connections, or interactions.

25. A vernacular region is an area that has been identified based on people's perception of culture.