Basic concept of man made fiber

Man made fiber Basic Concept

1. BASIC CONCEPT OF MANMADE FIBER

2. Content

3. Key Questions

4. DEFINITION         A fibre that does not occur in nature, although the material of which it is composed may occur naturally. ( Textile Terms and Definitions, 11th Ed, The Textile Institute, UK, 2002, p.129 ) The fiber forming substances have to be manufactured by chemical methods instead of growing them in fields.Because of this, man-made fiber is also called chemical or manufactured fiber.

5. Source or Origin Natural polymers e.g. viscose from wood pulp, azlon from natural protein like milk, corn or soybeans. Naturally occurring non-polymer materials e.g. metal fiber from metals and ores, glass fiber from silica and other minerals. Synthesized polymers e.g. polyamides, polyesters from petrochemicals or natural gas. Other manufactured fibers e.g. carbon fiber from acrylic fiber.

6. Orange Fibre

7. Enrica Arena and Andriana Santanocito

8. Historical Development

9. 1664 English physicist Robert Hooke suggested the possibility of extruding Artificial silk by a mechanical process influenced by imitation of the silkworm.

10. 1884 French chemist Hilairede Chardonnet produced first manmade fiber from nitrocellulose(GUN COTTON) , commercial production started in 1890. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WD6vURwCkNA

11. 1905 The commercial production of first successful manmade fiber viscose started in UK by Courtaulds.

12. 1935-38 The first synthetic fiber nylon was discovered by WH Carothers . Paul Schlack invented Perlon® nylon in 1938.

13. 1941 Polyester fiber was discovered by Dickson & Whinfield in UK. Commercial production started in 1953.

14. New Generation Fibers Commercial Production of elastomeric fiber spandex (Lycra®) in 1959 by Du Pont, USA. Can be stretched more than 500% without breaking .

15. New Generation Fibers Commercial production of high performance fiber aramid (Kevlar®) in 1971 by Du Pont, USA. CAMOUFLAGE fabric Application Military Uniform Combact Gear Field Jacket Breathable, Durable, and Comfortable Special Forces Uniforms Properties Inherently fire retardant customized camouflage patterns High color fastness Breathable, Durable, and Comfortable

16. New Generation Fibers Commercial Production of lyocell (Tencel ® ) in 1992 by Courtaulds, UK. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brPHZ3Ls1Rg

17. New Generation Fibers Commercialization of PBO in 1998 jointly developed by USAF & Toyobo (Zylon ® ). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4qyybWoPXI

18. New Generation Fibers FTC designation of first biodegradable fiber PLA in 2002 by Cargill Dow, USA. Polylactic acid  or  polylactide  ( PLA ) is a thermoplastic aliphatic polyest er. Polylactic acid (PLA) is an environmentally friendly, plant-derived thermoplastic

19. New Generation Fibers FTC designation of triexta for PTT( Polytrimethylene Terephthalate ) fiber in 2009 by Mohawk & Du Pont, USA. PTT is a thermoplastic polyester fiber

20. GENERIC AND TRADE NAME Nomenclature

21. Generic Name Generic name of a textile fiber refers to- Its basic technologies and properties, Usually approved by government or international bodies, To be used for customs and textile product labeling purposes.

22. Generic Name According to the EU regulation 1007/2011, US/FTC regulations ( TFPIA= Textile Fiber Products Identification Act) and related national regulations around the world- The fiber composition of textile products must be stated in all stages of processing and marketing using the generic names. ISO2076 lists the generic names of the different categories of man-made fibers currently manufactured industrially for textile purposes.

23. Trade Name Trade name or brand name is used by individual producers to identify and market their own products. Terylene®(ICI), Tetoron®(Toray/Teijin), Lycra®(DuPont), Tencel®(Lenzing), Zylon®(Toyobo), Dyneema®(DSM).

24. Trade Name

25. CLASSIFICATION Generic Types

26. Generic Name by ISO

27. Generic Name by ISO By transformation of natural polymers ALG alginate, CA acetate, CUP cupro, ED elastodiene CLY lyocell, CMD modal, CTA triacetate, CV viscose From Synthetic polymers PAN acrylic, AR aramid, CLF chlorofiber, EL elastane, ED elastodiene EOL elastolefin, EME elastomultiester, PTFE fluorofiber, MAC modacrylic PA polyamide, PES polyester, PE polyethylene, PI polyimide, PLA polylactide PP polypropylene, PVAL vinylal ISO 2076:2013 (en)

28. Generic Name by FTC