Basic concepts in Research Methodology.

Before conducting research,in any field, researcher must understand the different basic concepts used in the Research Methodology.In this presentation, objectives, Need, Significance, Assumption & Hypothesis, these five concepts are considered.

1. Basic concepts in Research Methodology By Dr. Neha Deo

2. In this presentation, let's consider the following five concepts… Objectives Need Significance Assumption Hypothesis Basic concepts in Research Methodology

3. 1. Objectives Objectives are the main activities/steps those are conducted to solve the problem. Those things or activities which carried out to find answers of the questions those are in the mind of researcher are nothing but the objectives . Objectives should be written in present tense. Objectives should be concise, precise, clear, simple sentence

4. Here the researcher has to explain the urgency to solve that particular problem & should consider-- Where did she /he come across this problem, what is the personal involvement ? What are the gaps in the previous research studies? Justification regarding all the terms used in the title. Why particular area, level, standard, school subject & variables are to be considered? 2.Need 2.Need

5. Significance or Importance —In it researcher has to explain the probable knowledge contribution . Here the researcher has to explain , after the completion of his/her research, who will get certain advantages/benefits. Also he/she should explain how the different aspects in the educational fields are going to be benefitted by the research. Researcher also should explain the urgency to solve that problem. In the education field, teachers, students, administrators, management, parents, text book bureau, board, Government etc. may be the beneficiaries. 3.Significance

6. In some research studies sometimes a researcher has to assume certain things on the basis of which he is going to do some further steps. He /she is not going to verify those things, without testing those the next things are proposed to be done. Such things he/she has to mention as the assumptions. 4.Assumptions

7. Hypothesis is a tentative generalization , the validity of which remains to be tested. Hypothesis is a conjectural statement between two or more variables. The research or scientific hypothesis is a formal affirmative statement predicting a single research outcome, a tentative explanation of the relationship between two or more variables. 5.Hypothesis-Meaning

8. Hypothesis contains two or more variables that are measurable & that they specify how the variables are related. Hypothesis is a tentative assumption drawn from knowledge & theory which is used as a guide in the investigation of other facts & theories that are yet unknown. Hypothesis

9. Hypothesis guides the thinking process . Hypothesis is a statement temporarily accepted as true in the light of what is known at that time. Hypo + Thesis So it is a lower level thesis. The thing might be converted in to thesis. Hypothesis-meaning

10. - Sources of Hypothesis- Culture Scientific theories Personal experience Comparison through similarities & analysis Hypothesis- sources

11. Functions of Hypothesis- Explains the direction of the investigation. Helps in the collection /preparation of techniques & tools. Helps the direction of the thinking process. Avoids blind work. Hypothesis-functions

12. Characteristics of Hypothesis- Hypothesis should - Be Measurable. mention two or more variables. mention probable direction. Be clear. Hypothesis-characteristics

13. Characteristics of Hypothesis- Hypothesis should Be specific & mention the conditions in which it is stated. ( Context) Be verifiable Be tested in stipulated time period. Hypothesis-characteristics

14. Characteristics of Hypothesis- Should Be stated in simple language. Have limited scope. Hypothesis-characteristics

15. Types of Hypothesis- Hypothesis-types Main Research Positive H1 States that there will be difference Statistical Null H0 States that there will not be any difference or difference will be zero.

16. Types Hypothesis-types Directional Null Positive Non directional Question Hypothesis

17. Thank You