BASIC FIRE FIGHTING TRAINING (2)HSAFuigEU.pptx

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1. BASIC FIRE FIGHTING TRAINING

2. BFP VISION AND MISSION

3. REPUBLI ACT 9514 FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

4. WHAT IS FIRE? is defined as the active principle or burning, characterized by the heat and light of combustion. It is also defined as the rapid process that produces heat and usually light. Is a rapid chemical reaction that gives off energy and products of combustion that are very different in composition from the fuel and oxygen that combined to produce them.

5. ANATOMY OF FIRE A Self-sustaining process of rapid oxidation of a fuel being reduced by an oxidizing agent along with evolution of heat and light. COMBUSTION A chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant that produces an oxidize product.

6. For many years, the “Fire Triangle” was used to teach the components of fire. While this simple example is useful, it is not technically correct. For combustion to occur, four components or essential elements are necessary: OXYGEN FUEL HEAT CHEMICAL CHAIN REACTION

7. This concept is extremely important to fire suppression personnel. Remove any one of the four components and combustion will not occur. If ignition has already occurred, the fire is extinguished when one of the components is removed from the reaction

8. OXYGEN and OTHER OXIDIZING AGENTS Most fires involve a fuel that is chemically combined with the oxygen normally found in atmospheric air. Atmospheric air contains 21 percent oxygen, 79 percent nitrogen and 1 percent of the other gases.

9. FUEL - Is the material or substance being oxidized or burned in the combustion process. Fuel may be found in any of the 3 states of matter: SOLID Woods, Paper, Clothes, Plastics and the likes LIQUID Alcohol, Lighter fluid, Petroleum gas and the likes. GAS H A H A M I C E N

10. HEAT Is a form of energy that may be desired as a condition of matter in motion caused by the movement of molecules. Anything that sets the molecules of a material in motion produces heat in that material. TYPES OF HEAT TRANSFER: CONDUCTION CONVECTION RADIATION

11. Methods of HEAT transfer

12. CLASSIFICCATION OF FIRES CLASS “A” Fires involving ordinary combustible materials, such as: WOOD CLOTH PAPER RUBBER MANY PLASTICS Extinguishment Method: Water is used in a cooling or quenching effect to reduce the temperature of the burning material below its ignition temperature

13. CLASSIFICCATION OF FIRES CLASS “B” Fires involving FLAMMABLE liquids, greases and gases. Extinguishment Method: the SMOTHERING or BLANKETING effect of oxygen exclusion is most effective. Other Extinguishing methods include removal of fuel and temperature reduction.

14. CLASSIFICCATION OF FIRES CLASS “C” Fires involving energized electrical equipment. Extinguishment Method: This fire can sometimes be controlled by a non-conducting extinguishing agent. The safest procedures are always to attempt to de-energize high voltage circuits and treats as a Class A or B fire depending upon the fuel involved.

15. CLASSIFICCATION OF FIRES CLASS “D” Fires involving combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium,zirconium , sodium and potassium. Extinguishment Method: The extremely high temperature of some burning metals makes water and other common extinguishing agents ineffective. There is no agent available that will effectively control fires in all combustible metals. SPECIAL EXTINGUISHING agents are used for of the metals and are MARKED specifically for that metal

16. CLASSIFICCATION OF FIRES CLASS “K” This is a new classification of fire and involves fires in combustible cooking fuels such as vegetable or animal fats.. Extinguishment Method: Its fuels are similar to Class B fuels but involve high temperature cooking oils and therefore have special characteristics. The extinguishing agents used are usually wet chemicals, water-based solution of K 2 CO 3 based chemical, CH 3 COOK based chemical or K citrate-based chemical or a combination.

17. FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT THEORY A. Extinguishment of Temperature Reduction One of the most common methods of extinguishment is by COOLING WITH WATER B. Extinguishment by Fuel Removal This is accomplished by stopping the flow of liquid or gaseous fuel or by removing solid fuel in the path of the fire.

18. C. Extinguishment by Oxygen Dilution FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT THEORY The reduction of the oxygen concentration to the fire area. This can be accomplished by introducing an inert gas into the fire or by separating the oxygen from the fuel.

19. D. Extinguishment by Chemical Flame Inhibition FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT THEORY Some extinguishing agents, such as dry chemicals and halons , interrupt the flame producing chemical reaction, resulting in rapid extinguishment.

20. STAGES OF FIRE IGNITION STAGE This stage begins when heat, oxygen and a fuel source combine and have chemical reaction resulting into fire. Recognizing a fire in this stage provides your best chance at suppression or escape. (INCIPIENT PHASE)

21. STAGES OF FIRE 2. GROWTH STAGE This is stage is where the structures fire load and oxygen are used as fuel for the fire. It is during this shortest of the 4 stages when a deadly “flashover” can occur and a potential danger for trapping, injuring or killing firefighters .

22. STAGES OF FIRE 3 . FULLY DEVELOPED STAGE When the growth stage has reached its maximum level and all combustible materials have been ignited, a fire is considered fully developed. This is the hottest phase and the most dangerous for anybody trapped within. (FREE-BURNING PHASE)

23. STAGES OF FIRE 4. DECAY STAGE When the growth stage has reached its maximum level and all combustible materials have been ignited, a fire is considered fully developed. This is the hottest phase and the most dangerous for anybody trapped within. (SMOLDERING PHASE)

24. TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS WATER TYPE FOAM CARBON DIOXIDE HALON-HALOGENATED DRY CHEMICAL WET CHEMICAL

25. WATER-FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Content : Filled with 9 liters of ordinary water : Mixed with sodium nitrate to prevent water from being frozen and rusted cylinders. Fountain Distance : 20 feet to 25 feet Fountain Duration : 60 to 120 Seconds Label or color : A (RED) Burning materials : wood, garbage, plastic and cloth Life span : 10 years ADVANTAGES - Easy to handle. - Can control or eradicate the fire early. - The liquids used are not harmful. DISADVANTAGES - Only once can be used. - Not suitable for combustion of electrical and metallic tools. - Cannot be placed where the temperature is cold and can freeze. - Cannot control and remove large fires.

26. FOAM-TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Content - There are 2 tubes - Deep tube ( Alauminium Sulphate) - Outdoor tubes (Sodium Bikarbonate / Stabilizer) Fountain Distance : About 20 feet Fountain Duration : 30 to 90 seconds . 2 ways to produce foam in portable fire extinguishers, namely : - 1) Chemical reactions: mixing two chemicals ie sodium bicarbonate with aluminum sulfate . 2) The content is 9 liters of water and 0.5% AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam) concentrate. Life span : 10 years Label or color : B (WHITE / YELLOW) Combustible materials : oil, paint, petrol, lekar , thinner and gas. Progress rate : 1: 8 Suitable for extinguishing 'B' class fire and its role is to cover and lower the temperature below the flame temperature (cooling ).

27. ADVANTAGES - Easy to handle - Foam can cover liquid surfaces and block oxygen supply from helping to fire - Uninterrupted from the wind - Can control fire effectively. - Easy replenishment DISADVANTAGES - Can only be used once - Cannot erase electric fire - Cannot remove class A, C and D fire - If the mixing of the chemical is incorrect, the foam cannot effectively remove the fire - Not suitable for use with dry powder fire extinguisher as the powder breaks the foam. FOAM-TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

28. CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Content - in a tube filled with Co2 in liquid form in pressure. - It has a size between 2 and 5 weight. Focal distance : 8 feet to 12 feet and the ratio development is 1: 450 Exercise period : 8 to 30 seconds Type of gas : stored pressure Horn is the tip of the nozzle to facilitate gas out spraying and pointing to the source of the fire. Label or color : C / CO2 (BLACK) Combustible materials : paint, oil, gasoline, gas and electrical equipment Life span : 10 years ADVANTAGES - Easy to handle - Can control or remove fires early in advance effectively - Gas is clean and does not help fire - Gas does not drain electricity - Can penetrate in small surface areas - Gas is harmless to health and does not leave any effect DISADVANTAGES - Only once can be used - The cylindrical object does not match gas content, its overall weight is 5.3 kg but contains only 2.2 kg of gas. - The contents of the gas are invisible and should be weighed from time to time to avoid a deficiency of 10% - It is not appropriate to remove fire type A, B & D - Cannot control or erase large fire

29. HALON-HALOGENATED FIRE EXTINGUISHER Halon is rated for class “B” (flammable liquids) and “C” (electrical fires), but it is also effective on class “A” (common combustibles) fires. Halon 1211 and Halon 1301 are low-toxicity, chemically stable compounds that, as long as they remain contained in cylinders, are easily recyclable.

30. Advantages Of Halon Fire Extinguisher Halon does not displace the air out of the area where it is dispensed. It can work in low concentration. Even for the toughest fires, less than an 8% concentration of Halon by volume is required, leaving plenty of air to use in the evacuation process. It does not pose danger of “cold shocking” avionics or other sensitive electrical equipment. HALON-HALOGENATED FIRE EXTINGUISHER Disadvantages on Health effects reported in some quarters associated with Halon extinguishers includes: Asphyxiation , frostbite, burns to the skin, as well as skin and eye irritation. Inhaling halon compounds in high concentrations can cause central nervous system disorders including dizziness, unconsciousness and tingling in the arms and legs

31. DRY-TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS 1 ) Cartridge Type 2) Stored pressure Content - Sodium bicarbonate: 97% - Magnesium stearate: 1.5% - Magnesium carbonate: 1% - Tricalsium carbonate: 0.5% Life span : 12 years Fountain Distance : 15 feet to 20 feet Duration of Fountain : 2 Minutes Label or color : ABC (BLUE) Burning materials : all types of materials ADVANTAGES - Easy and easy to handle - Can control or remove class A, B and C fires effectively - The removal is more effective than fire extinguisher, foam or co2 - Production (fountain) can be controlled by operating lever. DISADVANTAGES - Only once can be used. - Its debts can cause damage to certain materials such as car engine, food stuff and so on. - Cannot remove metal fire. - Cannot be placed where the temperature is cold and can freeze - The flour can be frozen if placed in a cool place.

32. Wet Chemical Fire Extinguishers This type of fire extinguisher has a YELLOW coloured label stating ‘Wet Chemical ’. Wet chemical fire extinguishers tackle fat and grease fires in kitchens (Class F), for example deep fat fryer fires. F ires involving cooking oils and fats (Class F fires), such as lard, olive oil, butter, vegetable oil, and on flammable solids (Class A), such as papers, woods, plastics, etc ,

33. FIRE TRUCK OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

34. FIRE APPARATUS - Refers to any fire department emergency vehicles that participate in fire suppression or other emergency

35. PORTABLE EQUIPMENT Refers to those portable tools and appliances carried on the fire apparatus but not permanently attach thereto or part of the apparatus.

36. TYPES OF FIREFIGHTING APPARATUS (AVAILABLE IN PARANG) PUMPER TRUCK/ FIRE ENGINE RESCUE TRUCK HAZMAT TRUCK CSSR TRUCK

37. TYPES OF PORTABLE EQUIPMENT Ladder Pike poles Axes and Cutting equipment Halligan Bars Ventilating Equipment 6. Floodlights 7. Hose ramps 8. Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus 9. General Tools

38. TERRAIN BRIDGE WEIGHT LIMIT MONETARY CONSTRAINT SIZE OF THE OTHER APPARATUS IN THE AREA ADEQUATE SUSPENSION and STEERING PROPERLY SIZED CHASSIS PROPERLY SIZED ENGINE FOR TANK SIZE AND TERRAIN SUFFICIENT BRAKING ABILITY PROPER TANK MOUNTING PROPER AND SAFE TANK BUFFING

39. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS

40. FIRE SAFETY TIPS: Check electrical connections. Unplug items when not in use. Avoid plugging several devices into an extension cord. Never leave an open stove unattended. Check your LPG. Secure lighted candles. Store flammable items in a safe location. Clear out dried things.

41. Fire Fighting Simulation Bucket Brigade Fire Extinguisher

42. THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION