basic life support

dr mohammad younas assistant professor peshawar dental college peshawar kpk pakistan

1. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT DR.M. YOUNAS Assistant professor

2. Purpose The purpose of this presentation is to introduce and refresh some Basic Life Support (aka First Aid) principles, now based on the 2011 Australian Guidelines. This presentation was designed with health students in mind, as a refresher or in preparation for clinical placements. However, the topics covered here will be of use to anyone.

3. check for check check check for give apply a D S R A B C D anger end for help esponse irways reathing PR efibrillator DRS ABCD

4. Danger Check for Danger (Hazards/Risks/Safety?) to you to others to casualty For example; electrical wires, gases, aggressive relatives, water, etc. Remove yourself and the casualty to an area of safety Andy Field ( Hubmedia ) via flickr

5. Response Check the casualty for a response. Use the COWS Method C an you hear me? O pen your eyes W hat is your name? S queeze my hand Gently squeeze shoulders (i.e. the trapezoid muscle) If casualty is unresponsive call for help.

6. Send for Help Call 1122 to reach emergency services virtually anywhere in the world. Or notify your Cardiac Arrest team within the hospital. Image: betsyweber

7. Airway Check the airway is open and clear of obstructions. Use a head tilt, chin lift to open the airway. Use a jaw thrust for patients with suspected spinal cord, head, neck and facial trauma. (usually done on patient’s with a GCS < 8. Not recommended for unexperienced people).

8. Airway In an unconscious patient, the tongue is the most common cause of obstruction. Also check the airway for blood, vomit & any other foreign materials. If breathing begins place in recovery position . Vassia Atanassova - Spiritia

9. Breathing Look, listen and feel for breathing, up to 10 seconds. is chest rising and falling? can you hear or feel air from mouth or nose? In Australia it is no longer recommended to deliver rescue breaths but rather continue straight to CPR. CPR should be the chief priority. image: c0d3in3 via Flickr In clinical situations use a face mask to administer the breaths.

10. CPR If no signs of life – unconscious, not breathing and not moving, start CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) CPR involves giving; 30 compression and 2 breaths 100 compressions per minute (useful tunes for compression rate are Staying Alive by the Bee Gees, Another one Bites the Dust to name a few) The recommended point of compresions is the midline over the lower half of the sternum.

11. Remember to push hard and fast, straight arms. Revival checks conducted every 2 minutes ( look for pulse & signs of life ) Should swap person doing compressions every 2min (so they don’t become tired and perform ineffective compressions ) CPR Continued ….

12. CPR Continued …. Doing CPR on Infants use two fingers instead of using hands to deliver compressions. Give 30 compression & 2 breaths 100 compressions per minute when delivering breaths do not overdo the amount, as you may cause a lung to rupture. CPR should continue until the return of spontaneous circulation or you are relieved by a qualified professional . You should check for vital signs every 2 minutes.

13. Apply a Defibrillator If Defibrillator is available, apply and follow voice prompts. Remember when shocking to get everyone to stand well back. Keep checking for signs of life. The Lifepak 500 is the standard product in Australia

14. Airway Management Note the next two slides are specific to allied health professionals and medical students. It is a reminder of some devices used for airway management. Endotracheal tube Nasopharyngeal Airway Oropharyngeal Airway ( guedels ) Laryngeal mask Images from wikipedia & flickr

15. Airway Management Once the Guedel or Nasopharyngeal airway is inplace , Apply face mask Use the resuscitator to provide ventilations Attach 15L of oxygen to resuscitator If performing ventilation manually ensure a tight seal between the mask and the face. Where possible have one person firmly holding the face mask down and the other ventilating.

16. BLS - what’s coming up … We shall now cover the following aspects of Basic Life Support. Care for Bleeding Care for Shock First Aid for Sprains & Strains Care for Dislocations & Fractures Poisoning Burns Diabetic Emergency

17. Care for bleeding… Apply Pressure to the Wound Raise and Support injured part Bandage Wound Check Circulation below wound If severe bleeding persists, give nothing by mouth & call emergency services

18. Care for Shock… Assess Casualty (DRSABCD) Call emergency Position Casualty Keep the casualty lying down if possible. Elevate legs 10-12inches unless you suspect a spinal injury Treat any other injuries Ensure Comfort Cover casualty to maintain warmth Provide casualty with fresh air Monitor & Record breathing and pulse When the face is pale, raise the tail

19. Symptoms: Anxiety, confusion, agitation, restlessness, dizziness, cool, clammy, sweating, pale, rapid and shallow breathing, thirst, nausea, vomiting, not responsive. Check for normal breathing and severe bleeding, treat for these. Call 9-1-1. Put victim on back, raise legs 8-12”. Loosen tight clothing. Turn victim’s head if vomiting occurs. Keep victim warm with coat or blanket. Give no food or drink, alcohol or tobacco. Offer reassurance and comfort and be calming. If unresponsive, put in recovery position. First Aid for Shock

20. Signs & Symptoms of Shock… Weak rapid pulse Cold, clammy skin Rapid breathing Faintness/dizziness Nausea Pale face, fingernails, lips

21. Sprains & Strains… R est I ce , apply a cold pack. Do not apply ice directly to skin. C ompress , use an elastic or comforting wrap – not to tight . E levate , above heart level to control internal bleeding . R – I – C – E

22. Dislocations & Fractures Follow DRSABCD . Then proceed with I A-C-T . I mmobilise area. Use jackets, pillows, blankets and so on. Stop any movement by supporting injured area. A ctivate emergency services. Call 112 or 000. C are for shock. See care for shock slide. T reat any additional secondary injuries.

23. Poisoning Follow DRSABCD & Check M aterials S afety D ata S heet if possible . Signs & Symptoms Abdominal pain Drowsiness Nausea/vomiting Burning pains from mouth to stomach Difficulty in breathing Tight chest Blurred vision and so on…….

24. Burns isafmedia via flickr Remove Casualty from Danger (follow DRSABCD & remember STOP, DROP & ROLL) Cool the burnt area (hold burnt area under cold running water for a minimum of 20 minutes.) Remove any constrictions (e.g. clothing & jewellery) Cover Burn (place sterile, non-stick dressing over burn) Calm Casualty

25. Standard Precautions Standard Precautions are standard, safe work practices that are to be applied to all patients regardless of their known or presumed infectious status. Standard Precautions include steps such as: hand washing use of appropriate personal protective equipment ( eg . gloves) management of sharps, and immunisation of health care workers . Standard Precautions are particularly important in cases with: Blood (including dried blood) All other body fluids, secretions and excretions (excluding sweat), regardless of whether they contain visible blood Non-intact skin Mucous membranes

26. THANKS