BASIC LIFE SUPPORT in Midwifery Practice.pptx

BLS

1. EDGAR A. ULEP, RM, LPT, MSPH.

2. INTRODUCTION TO BLS - CPR ALWAYS FIRST ALWAYS READY ALWAYS THERE

3. LIFE SUPPORT KINDS OF LIFE SUPPORT BASIC Life Support (BLS) – an emergency procedure that consists of recognizing respiratory or cardiac arrest or both and the proper application of CPR to maintain life until a victim recovers or advanced life support is available. ADVANCED Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) – the use of special equipment to maintain breathing and circulation for the victim of a cardiac emergency. PROLONGED Life Support (PLS) – for post resuscitative and long term resuscitation.

4. GUIDELINES IN GIVING EMERGENCY CARE

5. EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES SURVEY the Scene – once you recognized that an emergency has occurred and decide to act, you must make sure the scene of the emergency is safe for you, the victim/s, and any bystander/s. ELEMENTS of the Survey the Scene Scene safety Mechanism of injury or nature of illness Determine the number of patients and additional resources Are there bystanders who can help? Identify yourself as a trained first aider Get consent to give care

6. EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES 2. ACTIVATE Medical Assistance and Transport Facility – in some emergency, you will have enough time to call for specific medical advice before administering first aid. But in some situations, you will need to attend to the victim first. DEPENDING on the situation: “ Call First” – if a lone responder finds an unresponsive adult, known to be of cardiac emergencies or it is a witnessed sudden collapse of a child or infant. “Care First” – if a lone responder finds an unresponsive victim of drowning or other incident that is likely to be a respiratory-related event or it is an unwitnessed collapse of an unconscious child or infant. - A bystander should make the telephone call for help (if available). - A bystander will be requested to call for a physician. - Somebody will be asked to arrange for transfer facility

7. EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES 3. INFORMATION to be remembered in activating medical assistance: What happened Location Number of persons injured Extent of injury and first aid given The telephone number from where you are calling Person who activated medical assistance must identify him/herself

8. EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES 3. Do a Primary Survey – in every emergency situation, you must first find out if there are conditions that are an immediate threat to the victim’s life. 1. Check for Responsiveness 2. Check for Circulation 3. Check for Airway WAYS IN OPENING THE AIRWAY 1. Head Tilt-Chin Lift Maneuver 2. Jaw-Thrust Maneuver 4. Check for Breathing

9. RESPIRATORY ARREST RESCUE BREATHING

10. RESPIRATORY ARREST is the condition in which breathing stops or inadequate RESCUE BREATHING is a technique of breathing air into a person lungs to supply him or her with the oxygen needed to survive

11. CAUSES Obstruction: Anatomical Obstruction Mechanical Obstruction 2. Diseases: Bronchitis Pneumonia COPD & other respiratory illnesses 3. Other Causes of Respiratory Arrest: Electrocution Drowning Circulatory Collapse Chest Compression (by Physical force ) External Strangulation Poisoning Suffocation

12. 2. Mouth-to-Nose 1. Mouth-to-Mouth TR 3-3 3. Mouth-to-Mouth and Nose WAYS TO VENTILATE THE LUNGS 4. Mouth-to-Stoma 5. Mouth-to-Face Shield 6. Mouth-to-Mask 7. Bag Mask Device

13. TABLE OF COMPARISON ON RESCUE BREATHING For ADULT, CHILD and INFANT ADULT CHILD INFANT Opening of airway (Head Tilt Chin Lift Maneuver) Maximum Head Tilt Neutral Plus Position Neutral Position Location for Checking of Pulse Carotid Pulse (Side of the Neck) Carotid Pulse Brachial Pulse (Inner aspect of the upper arm) Method Mouth to Mouth or Mouth to Nose Mouth to Mouth or Mouth to Nose Mouth to Mouth and Nose Breaths Full, Slow Breath (1.5 – 2 seconds per breath) Full, Slow Regulated Breath (1 – 1.5 seconds per breath) Gentle, Slow Breath (1 – 1.5 seconds per breath) Rate 20 to 24 breaths per 2 minutes (1 breath every 4 to 5 seconds) 40 breaths per 2 minutes (1 breath every 3 seconds) 40 breaths per 2 minutes (1 breath every 3 seconds) Counting for Standardization purposes: Mnemonics of every 1 breathe every 5/3 seconds Breath 1, 1002, 1003, 1001, Breath, 1, 1002, 1003, 1002, Breath, 1, 1002, 1003, 1010 or up to 1024, Breath, Breath 1, 1001, Breath 1, 1002, Breath 1, 1003…. 1, 1040, Breath Breath 1, 1001, Breath 1, 1002, Breath 1, 1003…. 1, 1040, Breath

14. FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

15. TWO TYPES OF OBSTRUCTION ANATOMICAL OBSTRUCTION it happens when the tongue drops back and obstruct the throat. Other causes are acute asthma, croup, diphtheria, swelling, and cough (whooping) MECHANICAL OBSTRUCTION whe n foreign objects lodge in the pharynx or airways; flush accumulate in the back of the throat.

16. CLASSIFICATION OF OBSTRUCTION MILD OBSTRUCTION partial obstruction and that the victim can still cough and answer the question “Are you choking” SEVERE OBSTRUCTION Poor air exchange and increased breathing difficulty, a silent cough, cyanosis, or inability to speak or breath and if patient becomes unconscious due to and obstruction.

17. HEIMLICH MANEUVER Heimlich Maneuver or abdominal thrusts is recommended for relieving foreign body airway obstruction.

18. CARDIAC ARREST & CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION

19. CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR) This is a combination of chest compression and rescue breathing. This must be combined for effective resuscitation of the victim of cardiac arrest

20. COMPRESSION ONLY - CPR The use of compression only CPR has significant benefit for persons suffering from cardiac arrest If a person is unwilling or unable to perform mouth to mouth ventilation for an Adult victim, chest compression only –CPR should be provided rather than no attempt of CPR being made, because it can be beneficial in circulating blood that contains some oxygen to the victim For use in Dispatcher-assiste d CPR instructions where the simplicity of this modified technique allows untrained bystander to rapidly intervene.

21. CRITERIA FOR NOT STARTING CPR The patient has a valid “Do Not Attempt Resuscitation” (DNAR) order. The patient has signs of irreversible death: a. Rigor Mortis b. Decapitation c. Dependent Lividity 3. No Physiological benefit can be expected the vital functions have deteriorated despite maximal therapy for such condition as progressive septic or cardiogenic shock 4. Withholding attempts to resuscitate in the delivery room is appropriate for newly born infants with Confirmed gestation <23weeks or birth weight <400g Anencephaly Confirmed Trisomy 13-18

22. WHEN TO S.T.O.P.S CPR SPONTANEOUS signs of circulation are restored TURNED over the medical services or properly trained and authorized personnel OPERATOR is already exhausted and cannot continue CPR PHYSICIAN assumes responsibility (declares death, take over, etc.) SCENE becomes unsafe

23. TABLE OF COMPARISON ON CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION

24. THANK YOU & CONGRATS