Basic-Life-Support-Training special.pptx

Basic Life Support (BLS) training is a crucial skill set that equips individuals with the knowledge and techniques to provide immediate care to individuals experiencing life-threatening emergencies. Whether you are a healthcare professional, a first responder, or simply a concerned citizen, BLS training can make a significant difference in saving lives. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the key components of BLS training, including the importance of early intervention, the basic steps of CPR, the use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs), and the principles of first aid.

1. Importance of Basic Life Support (BLS)

Basic Life Support (BLS) is a fundamental skill set that can mean the difference between life and death in emergency situations. When someone experiences a cardiac arrest or stops breathing, immediate intervention is crucial to increase their chances of survival. BLS training teaches individuals how to recognize the signs of a life-threatening emergency and respond effectively to provide essential care until professional help arrives.

2. Recognizing the Signs of a Life-Threatening Emergency

One of the first steps in BLS training is learning how to recognize the signs of a life-threatening emergency. This includes identifying when someone is unresponsive, not breathing, or experiencing a sudden cardiac arrest. By being able to quickly assess the situation, individuals can take prompt action to initiate the appropriate life-saving measures.

3. Basic Steps of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a critical component of BLS training. CPR involves a series of chest compressions and rescue breaths that help circulate oxygenated blood to vital organs when someone's heart has stopped beating. BLS training covers the proper technique for performing CPR on adults, children, and infants, as well as the importance of maintaining the correct rate and depth of compressions.

4. Use of Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs)

Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) are portable devices that deliver an electric shock to the heart to restore its normal rhythm in cases of sudden cardiac arrest. BLS training includes instruction on how to use an AED effectively, including how to properly place the pads on the chest, follow the device prompts, and ensure the safety of both the rescuer and the victim.

5. Principles of First Aid

In addition to CPR and AED use, BLS training also covers the basic principles of first aid. This includes how to control bleeding, treat burns, manage choking incidents, and provide care for other common medical emergencies. By understanding these fundamental first aid techniques, individuals can offer immediate assistance to those in distress while waiting for professional medical help.

6. Practice and Simulation

Hands-on practice and simulation scenarios are integral components of BLS training. By engaging in simulated emergency situations, indivi

1. Basic Life Support Training

2. HOUSE RULES Always be on time. Attendance will be checked on morning and afternoon sessions. All Cellular Phones should be in silent mode. Maintain cleanliness and avoid unnecessary noises/small group conferences during discussion. In case there is a need to go out from the training venue during session (e.g. personal purpose or emergency call from their respective offices), the Facilitators/Instructors must be notified. All participants will be evaluated thru a written(30%) and skills(60%) examination and attitude (10%). Wear a comfortable attire (no jewelries , no lipstick for females, neatly-tied hair for those with long hairs. Always wear a smile .

3. SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 3 BLS for HCP Principles of Emergency Care and Introduction to Basic Life Support SESSION 1

4. SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 4 BLS for HCP Principles of Emergency Care SESSION 1 – Part 1

5. SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 5 BLS for HCP LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the discussion, the participants should be able to correctly: Describe the Five Emergency Action P rinciples with emphasis on the following: Enumerate the elements of Scene Survey A ppreciate the different ways in Activating Medical Assistance A nalyze the components of Secondary Assessment Value the importance of Referral of Victim for further Evaluation and Management Perform the basic Initial Assessment of the Victim with Sudden Cardiac Arrest At the end of the demonstration, participants should be able to precisely: Session 1 Principles of Emergency Care Part 1

6. FIVE EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES SURVEY THE SCENE ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE (AMA) INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF THE VICTIM SECONDARY ASSESSMENT OF THE VICTIM REFERRAL FOR FURTHER EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT Session 1 Principles of Emergency Care Part 1

7. Elements of the Survey the Scene Scene safety. Mechanism of injury or nature of illness. Take standard precautions. Determine the number of patients Consider additional/specialized resources. EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES 1. SURVEY THE SCENE Once you recognized that an emergency has occurred and decide to act, you must make sure the scene of the emergency is safe for you, the victim/s, and any bystander/s. Session 1 Principles of Emergency Care Part 1

8. Call First and CPR First Both trained and untrained bystanders should be instructed to Activate Medical Assistance as soon as they have determined that a victim requires emergency care. EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES 2. ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE Session 1 Principles of Emergency Care Part 1

9. CALL FIRST CPR FIRST Adults and Adolescents Witnessed collapse of children and infants Adults and Adolescents with likely asphyxial arrest (e.g. drowning) Unwitnessed collapse of children and infants If you are ALONE with no mobile phone, leave the victim to activate emergency response system and get AED/emergency equipment before beginning CPR Otherwise, send someone and begin CPR immediately; use the AED as soon as it is available Give 2 minutes (5 cycles) of CPR Leave the victim to activate emergency response system and get the AED Return to the child or infant and resume CPR; use the AED as soon as it is available EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES 2. ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE Session 1 Principles of Emergency Care Part 1

10. Use of Social Media to Summon Rescuers 2. ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE OR TRANSFER FACILITY EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES Note: The video presentation is only for demonstration purposes and not for any advertisements.

11. Use of Mobile Phone in Activation of Emergency Medical Service (EMS) The Adult BLS Algorithm has been modified to reflect the fact that rescuers can activate an emergency response (ie, through use of a mobile telephone) without leaving the victim’s side.   2. ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES Session 1 Principles of Emergency Care Part 1

12. EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES Information to be remembered in Activating Medical Assistance: WHAT happened? LOCATION? NUMBER of Persons Injured? EXTENT of Injury and First Aid given? The TELEPHONE no. from where you are calling? PERSON who activated Medical Assistance must identify him/herself and drop the phone last…. Session 1 Principles of Emergency Care Part 1

13. EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES 3. DO A PRIMARY ASSESSMENT OF THE VICTIM In every emergency situation, you must first find out if there are conditions that are an immediate threat to the victim’s life. Check for Responsiveness Open the Airway Perform Rescue Breathing Perform Compression B A C Session 1 Principles of Emergency Care Part 1

14. EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES 4. DO A SECONDARY ASSESSMENT OF THE VICTIM It is a systematic method of gathering additional information about injuries or conditions that may need care. a. Interview the victim S - signs and symptoms A - allergies M - medications P - past medical history L - last meal taken E - events prior to injury or incident b. Check vital signs - every 15 minutes if stable condition, and every 5 minutes if unstable Session 1 Principles of Emergency Care Part 1

15. EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES c. Head to toe examination Rescuers should look for other signs of injuries in a quick manner from the head to toe and apply necessary first aid measures to the injury seen. Session 1 Principles of Emergency Care Part 1

16. EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES 5. REFERRAL OF THE VICTIM FOR FURTHER EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT It refers to the transfer of a victim to hospital or advanced health care facility for a definitive treatment. Session 1 Principles of Emergency Care Part 1

17. SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 17 BLS for HCP LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the discussion, the participants should be able to correctly: Describe the Five Emergency Action P rinciples with emphasis on the following: Enumerate the elements of Scene Survey A ppreciate the different ways in Activating Medical Assistance A nalyze the components of Secondary Assessment Value the importance of Referral of Victim for further Evaluation and Management Perform the basic Initial Assessment of the Victim with Sudden Cardiac Arrest At the end of the demonstration, participants should be able to precisely: Session 1 Principles of Emergency Care Part 1 DID WE MEET OUR OBJECTIVES?

18. ANY QUESTIONS?

19. SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 19 BLS for HCP Introduction to Basic Life Support SESSION 1---Part 2

20. SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 20 BLS for HCP Session 1 Introduction to Basic Life Support Part 2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the discussion, participants should be able to accurately: Differentiate the three kinds of Life Support . Identify the Chain of Survival for Adult and Pediatric Patients. Explain the importance of the Respiratory, Circulatory, and Nervous Systems in relation to Basic Life Support.

21. 1. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS) A set of emergency procedures that consist of recognizing respiratory or cardiac arrest and the proper application of Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) with or w/o Automated External Defibrillation (AED) or Foreign Body Airway Obstruction Management (FBAOM) and Rescue Breathing (RB) or to maintain life until a victim recovers or advanced life support is available. THREE KINDS OF LIFE SUPPORT Session 1 Introduction to Basic Life Support Part 2

22. 2. ADVANCED CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT (ACLS) 3. PROLONGED LIFE SUPPORT (PLS ) A set of clinical interventions for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest and other life threatening emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions. For post resuscitative and long term resuscitation with the use of adjunctive equipment such as ventilator, cardiac monitor, pulse oximeter etc. THREE KINDS OF LIFE SUPPORT Session 1 Introduction to Basic Life Support Part 2

23. Session 1 Introduction to Basic Life Support Part 2

24. In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (IHCA) Chain of Survival Session 1 Introduction to Basic Life Support Part 2

25. Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) Chain of Survival Session 1 Introduction to Basic Life Support Part 2

26. Pediatric Chain of Survival Prevention Early Rapid access Rapid PALS Integrated of Arrest CPR to EMS Support Post-cardiac Arrest Care Session 1 Introduction to Basic Life Support Part 2

27. Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body’s tissues and removes waste products Right ventricle Right atrium Right pulmonary artery (blood to right lung) Superior vena cava (oxygen-poor blood from head and upper body Inferior vena cava (oxygen-poor blood from lower body Left pulmonary vein BODY SYSTEMS CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Session 1 Introduction to Basic Life Support Part 2

28. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Note: The video presentation is only for demonstration purposes and not for any advertisements.

29. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM BODY SYSTEMS Delivers oxygen to the body Removes carbon dioxide from the body Session 1 Introduction to Basic Life Support Part 2

30. Ventilation Inspiration Expiration Respiration - Passage of air into and out of the lungs - Inhalation or breathing in - Exhalation or breathing out - Actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli as well as the tissues of the body RESPIRATORY SYSTEM BODY SYSTEMS Session 1 Introduction to Basic Life Support Part 2

31. Air that enters the lungs contains: 21% Oxygen (O 2 ) trace of Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Air exhaled from the lungs contains: 16% O 2 4% CO 2 Session 1 Introduction to Basic Life Support Part 2

32. Note: The video presentation is only for demonstration purposes and not for any advertisements. Respiratory System

33. Composed of the brain, spinal cord and nerves Two major functions – communication and control Lets a person be aware of and react to the environment Coordinates the body’s responses to stimuli and keeps body systems working together NERVOUS SYSTEM BODY SYSTEMS Session 1 Introduction to Basic Life Support Part 2

34. Clinical death 0 - 1 min. - cardiac irritability 1 - 4 min. - brain damaged not likely 4 - 6 min. - brain damage possible Biological death 6 - 10 min. - brain damaged very likely over 10 min. - irreversible brain damaged BODY SYSTEMS Session 1 Introduction to Basic Life Support Part 2

35. SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 35 BLS for HCP Session 1 Introduction to Basic Life Support Part 2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the discussion, participants should be able to accurately: Differentiate the three kinds of Life Support . Identify the Chain of Survival for Adult and Pediatric Patients. Explain the importance of the Respiratory, Circulatory, and Nervous Systems in relation to Basic Life Support. DID WE MEET OUR OBJECTIVES?

36. ANY QUESTIONS?

37. SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 37 BLS for HCP Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) & Automated External Defibrillator (AED) SESSION 2

38. SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 38 BLS for HCP Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) SESSION 2- Part 1

39. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the discussion, the participants should be able to correctly: Explain what CPR is; Recognize the criteria for when to start, not to start, and when to stop CPR; Discuss the CPR sequence; Enumerate the components of High Quality CPR; and Identify the BLS Cardiac Arrest Algorithm. Perform correct CPR techniques to an Adult, Child/Infant who are in cardiac arrest At the end of the demonstration, participants should be able to precisely: Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

40. About your heart Attack

41. Heart Failure

42. CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR) is a series of assessments and interventions using techniques and maneuvers made to bring victims of cardiac and respiratory arrest back to life. Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

43. Note: The video presentation is only for demonstration purposes and not for any advertisements. CPR Video

44. WHEN TO START CPR If you see a victim who is: Unconscious/Unresponsive Not breathing or has no normal breathing (only gasping) No definite pulse Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

45. RIGOR MORTIS LIVOR MORTIS WHEN NOT TO START CPR All victims of cardiac arrest should receive CPR unless: 1. Patient has a valid DNAR ( D o N ot A ttempt R esuscitation) order. 2. Patient has signs of irreversible death (Rigor Mortis, Decapitation, Dependent Lividity). 3. No physiological benefit can be expected because the vital functions have deteriorated as in septic or cardiogenic shock. DECAPITATION Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

46. WHEN NOT TO START CPR All victims of cardiac arrest should receive CPR unless: 4. Confirmed gestation of < 23 weeks or birth weight < 400 grams, anencephaly. 5. Attempts to perform CPR would place the rescuer at risk of physical injury. Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

47. WHEN TO STOP CPR? SPONTANEOUS signs of circulation are restored TURNED over to medical services or properly trained and authorized personnel OPERATOR is already exhausted and cannot continue CPR PHYSICIAN assumes responsibility (declares death, takes over, etc.) SCENE becomes unsafe (such as traffic, impending or ongoing violence—gun fires, etc) SIGNED waiver to stop CPR S O T S P S Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

48. Note: The video presentation is only for demonstration purposes and not for any advertisements. CAB Animation

49. CPR Sequence Core concept: Oxygen to the Brain! In order: C ompression- A irway- B reathing Compressions create blood flow by increasing intra-thoracic pressure and directly compress the heart; generate blood flow and oxygen delivery to the myocardium and brain. The C-A-B Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

50. C AB: COMPRESSION CIRCULATION represents a heart that is actively pumping blood, most often recognized by the presence of a pulse in the neck (or other peripheral pulses) Assume there is NO CIRCULATION if the following exist: Unresponsive, Not breathing, Not moving and Poor skin color (cyanotic) ROSC - sign of life Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

51. C AB: COMPRESSION ADULTS & ADOLESCENTS CHILDREN (age 1 year to puberty) INFANTS (age less than 1 year, excluding newborns) COMPRESSION RATE COMPRESSION DEPTH At least 1/3 Antero-Posterior (AP) diameter of the chest Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1 100-120 per minute At least 2 inches (5cm) but should not exceed 2.4 inches (6cm) About 2 inches (5cm) About 1.5 inches (4cm)

52. Proper Position in Performing CPR C AB: COMPRESSION Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

53. Place the heel of the second hand on top of the first so that the hands are overlapped and parallel. Kneel facing the victim’s chest Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest C AB: COMPRESSION ADULT cpr Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

54. C AB: COMPRESSION cHILD cpr Lower half of the sternum, between the nipples. One hand only/ two hands 30:2 for single rescuer, 15:2 for 2-man rescuer (optional for HCP). Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

55. C AB: COMPRESSION INFANT cpr Just below the nipple line, lower half of sternum Two fingers, flexing at the wrist (lone rescuer) 2 thumb-encircling hands technique (two rescuers) Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

56. This must be done to ensure an open passage for spontaneous breathing or mouth to mouth during CPR C A B: Open AIRWAY Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

57. Head-Tilt/Chin-Lift Maneuver Tilt the head back with your one hand and lift up the chin with your other hand C A B: Open AIRWAY Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

58. Jaw-Thrust Maneuver is strictly a HCP technique and not for LR (if suspected with cervical trauma) C A B: Open AIRWAY Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

59. Jaw-Thrust Maneuver C A B: Open AIRWAY Note: The video presentation is only for demonstration purposes and not for any advertisements.

60. Maintain open airway Pinch nose shut (if mouth to mouth RB is preferred) Open your mouth wide, take a normal breath, and make a tight seal around outside of victim’s mouth Give 2 full breaths ( 1 sec each breath ) Observe chest rise 30:2 (Compression to Ventilation ratio) 5 cycles or 2 minutes CA B : BREATHING Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

61. HIGH-QUALITY CPR: 1. Adequate Compression Rate (100-120/minute) 2. Adequate Compression Depth (at least 2 inches [5cm] but should not exceed 2.4 inches [6cm]) (for adult only) 3 . Allow Complete Chest Recoil after each compression 4 . Minimize Interruptions in Compression 5. Avoid Excessive Ventilation Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

62. Introduce yourself. Check for Responsiveness: Unconscious/unresponsive HIGH-QUALITY CPR: 1. Adequate Compression Rate (100-120/minute) 2. Adequate Compression Depth (at least 2 inches [5cm] but should not exceed 2.4 inches [6cm]) 3 . Allow Complete Chest Recoil after each compression 4 . Minimize Interruptions in Compression 5. Avoid Excessive Ventilation Use AED if already available Resume CPR after Shock delivery If AED tells “No Shock Advised” for the second time: Check for Pulse Simultaneously Check for: Breathing Pulse (for not more than 10 seconds [for HCP only]) Activate Emergency Response System: Shout for nearby help Mobile phone or phone patch(if available) Get AED/emergency equipment (or send someone to do so) No breathing or only gasping No definite pulse If AED initially tells “No Shock Advised”: Continue CPR Universal Steps in AED Operation: P ower on A ttach pads A nalyze Heart Rhythm S hock START GIVING 5 CYCLES OF HIGH-QUALITY CPR: Give 30:2 (Compression to Ventilation Ratio) Compression: 30 compressions within 15-18 sec (100-120/min) Ventilation: 2 ventilations delivered 1 sec each breath 5 cycles equivalent to 2 minutes BLS HEALTHCARE PROVIDER CARDIAC ARREST ALGORITHM BLS HEALTHCARE PROVIDER CARDIAC ARREST ALGORITHM Verify Scene Safety

63. Introduce yourself. Check for Responsiveness and for No breathing or no normal breathing (only gasping) for not more than 10 seconds Unconscious/unresponsive/not breathing HIGH-QUALITY CPR: 1. Adequate Compression Rate (100-120/minute) 2. Adequate Compression Depth (at least 2 inches [5cm] but should not exceed 2.4 inches [6cm]) 3 . Allow Complete Chest Recoil after each compression 4 . Minimize Interruptions in Compression 5. Avoid Excessive Ventilation Use AED if already available Resume CPR after Shock delivery If AED tells “No Shock Advised” for the second time: Check for Responsiveness Activate Emergency Response System: Shout for nearby help Mobile phone or phone patch(if available) Get AED/emergency equipment (or send someone to do so) If AED initially tells “No Shock Advised”: Continue CPR Universal Steps in AED Operation: P ower on A ttach pads A nalyze Heart Rhythm S hock START GIVING 5 CYCLES OF HIGH-QUALITY CPR: Give 30:2 (Compression to Ventilation Ratio) Compression: 30 compressions within 15-18 sec (100-120/min) Ventilation: 2 ventilations delivered 1 sec each breath 5 cycles equivalent to 2 minutes BLS LAY RESCUER CARDIAC ARREST ALGORITHM BLS LAY RESCUER CARDIAC ARREST ALGORITHM Verify Scene Safety

64. START GIVING 5 CYCLES OF HIGH-QUALITY CPR: Introduce yourself. No breathing or only gasping No definite pulse Simultaneously Check for: Breathing Pulse (for not more than 10 seconds [for HCP only]) Check for Responsiveness: Unconscious/unresponsive Use AED if already available For lone rescuer (unwitnessed sudden collapse of a child/infant) do 5 cycles of CPR before calling for help Universal Steps in AED Operation: P ower on A ttach pads A nalyze Rhythm S hock Resume CPR after Shock delivery If AED initially tells “No Shock Advised”: Continue CPR If AED tells “No Shock Advised” for the second time: Check for Pulse HIGH-QUALITY CPR: Adequate Compression Rate (100-120/minute) Adequate Compression Depth: CHILDREN: about 2 inches [5cm] INFANTS: about 1.5 inches [4cm] Allow Complete Chest Recoil after each compression Minimize Interruptions in Compression Avoid Excessive Ventilation 1 Rescuer 2 Rescuers 30:2 (Compression to Ventilation Ratio ) 15:2 (Compression to Ventilation Ratio) 30 compressions in 15 to 18 sec (100-120/min) 15 compressions in 7 to 9 sec (100-120/min ) Child: Heel of one hand with the other hand on top or One hand technique Infant : Two-finger technique Child: Heel of one hand with the other hand on top or One hand technique Infant : Two-thumbs hand encircling technique 2 ventilations delivered 1 sec each breath 5 cycles equivalent to 2 minutes 10 cycles equivalent to 2 minutes Activate Emergency Response System: Shout for nearby help Mobile phone or phone patch (if available) Get AED/emergency equipment (or send someone to do so) BLS PEDIATRIC CARDIAC ARREST ALGORITHM (HEALTHCARE PROVIDER) Verify Scene Safety BLS PEDIATRIC CARDIAC ARREST ALGORITHM (HEALTHCARE PROVIDER)

65. CPR Continue CPR until AED arrives and starts to analyze EMS providers take over the care of the victim Reassess victim every after 2 minutes Rescuers may switch roles (for Two-Man Rescuers) If patient becomes conscious, place patient in RECOVERY POSITION. Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

66. CPR with Advanced Airway (HCP ONLY) Cycles of 30 compressions:2 ventilations should be continued until an advanced airway is placed If an advanced airway is already in place: Continuous chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute, without pauses for ventilation. Ventilation rate of 1 breath every 6 sec. (10 breaths per minute) Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

67. 120 COMPRESSIONS/MINUTE Note: The video presentation is only for demonstration purposes and not for any advertisements. Metronome

68. WERE WE ABLE TO MEET OUR LEARNING OBJECTIVES? At the end of the discussion, the participants should be able to correctly: Explain what CPR is; Recognize the criteria for when to start, not to start, and when to stop CPR; Discuss the CPR sequence; Enumerate the components of High Quality CPR; and Identify the BLS Cardiac Arrest Algorithm. Perform correct CPR techniques to an Adult, Child/Infant who are in cardiac arrest At the end of the demonstration, participants should be able to precisely: Session 2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Part 1

69. ANY QUESTIONS?

70. SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 70 BLS for HCP Automated External Defibrillator (AED) SESSION 2---Part 2

71. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the discussion, participants should be able to correctly: Define AED and identify its parts Define Defibrillation Explain the indications and importance of early defibrillation Identify causes of sudden Cardiac Arrest Enumerate the 4 universal steps of an AED operation Explain the special conditions that affect the use of an AED Demonstrate how to properly use AED to an adult, child & infant who are in cardiac arrest. At the end of the demonstration, participants should be able to precisely: Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

72. AED Note: The video presentation is only for demonstration purposes and not for any advertisements. AED

73. AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR (AED) AEDs are sophisticated, computerized devices that can analyze a heart rhythm and prompts the user to deliver a shock when necessary. These devices only require the user to turn the AED on and follow the audio instructions when prompted. Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

74. Controlled electrical shock May restore an organized rhythm Enables heart to contract & pump blood AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR (AED) Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

75. PARTS OF AN AED Shock button Pads Pads connector port Power Button Defibrillator Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

76. Defibrillation is a process in which an electronic device (such as AED), gives an electrical shock to the heart. Defibrillation stops Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) by using an electrical shock and allows the return of a normal heart rhythm. DEFIBRILLATION Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

77. Shock success Termination of VF for at least 5 seconds following the shock VF frequently recurs after successful shocks & these recurrence should not be equated to shock failure DEFIBRILLATION Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

78. 20 40 60 80 100 Survival Rate (%) Time to Defibrillation (minutes) 5 10 15 20 25 30 For every minute defibrillation is delayed the victim’s survival rate decreases by 10% DEFIBRILLATION Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

79. Indications and Importance Defibrillation Early defibrillation is critical for victims of sudden cardiac arrest because: The most frequent rhythm in sudden cardiac arrest is Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) The most effective treatment for VF is defibrillation Also indicated for Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia Defibrillation is most likely to be successful if it occurs within minutes of collapse (sudden cardiac arrest) Defibrillation may be ineffective if it is delayed VF deteriorates to asystole if not treated Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

80. Shockable and Non- shockable Rhythms Note: The video presentation is only for demonstration purposes and not for any advertisements. VF

81. Shockable Rhythms Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia Non-Shockable Rhythms Asystole Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

82. Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) Common and treatable initial rhythm in adults with witnessed cardiac arrest Survival rates are highest when immediate bystander CPR is provided and defibrillation occurs within 3 to 5 minutes of collapse Rapid defibrillation is the treatment of choice Rhythm causing ‘ all ’ sudden cardiac arrest Useless quivering of the heart  no blood flow Myocardium is depleted of oxygen & metabolic substrates Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

83. Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia Rate - greater than 180 beats per minute Rhythm - very wide QRS complex in ECG tracings and originates in the ventricles . The patient will be  pulseless   Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

84. CAUSES OF SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST Hypoxia Near drowning Burst lung Decompression illness Rebreather malfunction Choking Carbon monoxide poisoning Bleeding Heart attack Drug overdose Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

85. Several factors that can affect AED analysis:   Patient movement ( eg . agonal gasp) Repositioning the patient Use AED only when victims have the following 3 clinical findings:   No response No breathing No Pulse Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

86. Special Conditions that Affect the Use of AED   The victim is 1 month old or less. The victim has a hairy chest. The victim is lying in water, immersed in water, or water is covering the victim’s chest. The victim has implanted defibrillator, or pacemaker. The victim has a transdermal medication patch or other object on the surface of the skin where the AED electrode pads are placed. Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

87. P A A S P A A S Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

88. AED PROCEDURES Continue CPR until an AED is available Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

89. P ower on the AED Press the power button Follow voice prompts Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

90. A ttach Pads Expose the chest Dry skin/shave if necessary Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

91. Adult pads vs Child pads A ttach Pads Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

92. Attach pads on patient’s bare chest Keep following voice prompts A ttach Pads Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

93. Once the voice prompt tells “Analyzing heart rhythm, do not touch the patient”, make sure: No one touches the victim! Remind co-rescuers/bystanders to avoid touching the victim A nalyze Heart Rhythm *For Semi-automated AED: Clear the victim and manually press analyze button Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

94. If the AED prompt tells “SHOCK ADVISED” make sure: No one touches the victim! Verbal warning to co-rescuers/ bystanders: “CLEAR THE VICTIM” Physical and hand gestures Press the Shock button and immediately resume CPR Deliver a S hock (if indicated) Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

95. If the AED prompt INITIALLY tells “NO SHOCK ADVISED”: Continue CPR for 2 minutes Follow voice prompt Deliver a S hock (if indicated) If the AED prompt tells “NO SHOCK ADVISED” for the SECOND TIME : Check for pulse Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

96. Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

97. Shock First vs CPR First For witnessed adult cardiac arrest when an AED is immediately available, it is reasonable that the defibrillator be used as soon as possible. For adults with unmonitored cardiac arrest or for whom an AED is not immediately available, it is reasonable that CPR be initiated while the defibrillator equipment is being retrieved and applied and that defibrillation, if indicated, be attempted as soon as the device is ready for use Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2

98. At the end of the discussion, participants should be able to correctly: Define AED and identify its parts Define Defibrillation Explain the indications and importance of early defibrillation Identify causes of sudden Cardiac Arrest Enumerate the 4 universal steps of an AED operation Explain the special conditions that affect the use of an AED Demonstrate how to properly use AED to an adult, child & infant who are in cardiac arrest. At the end of the demonstration, participants should be able to precisely: Session 2 Automated External Defibrillator Part 2 WERE WE ABLE TO MEET OUR OBJECTIVES?

99. ANY QUESTIONS?

100. SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 100 BLS for HCP Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (FBAO) Management & Rescue Breathing due to Respiratory Arrest SESSION 3

101. SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 101 BLS for HCP Rescue Breathing due to Respiratory Arrest SESSION 3---Part 1

102. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the discussion, participants should be able to correctly: Describe what Respiratory Arrest is and its causes Discuss the significance of Rescue Breathing in respiratory arrest Enumerate the different ways in Rescue Breathing Compare the Rescue Breathing techniques for infant, child, & adult Demonstrate correct Rescue Breathing techniques for infant, child, & adult At the end of the demonstration, participants should be able to precisely: Session 3 Respiratory Arrest and Rescue Breathing Part 2

103. Is the condition in which breathing stops or is inadequate. RESPIRATORY ARREST Obstruction 1.1 Anatomical 1.2 Mechanical Causes of Respiratory Arrest 2. Diseases 2.1 Bronchitis 2.2 Pneumonia 2.3 COPD 2.4 Diphtheria Other causes 3.1 Electrocution 3.2 Circulatory Collapse 3.3 Strangulation 3.4 Chest Compression by other physical force 3.5 Drowning 3.6 Poisoning 3.7 Suffocation Session 3 Respiratory Arrest and Rescue Breathing Part 2

104. ● Is a technique of delivering air into a person’s lungs to supply him/her with the oxygen needed to survive. ● Given to victims who are not breathing or inadequate but still have pulse. ● Crucial tool to revive the individual or keep him or her until the help comes. RESCUE BREATHING Session 3 Respiratory Arrest and Rescue Breathing Part 2

105. Mouth-to-Mouth WAYS TO VENTILATE THE LUNGS Session 3 Respiratory Arrest and Rescue Breathing Part 2

106. 2. Mouth-to-Nose WAYS TO VENTILATE THE LUNGS Session 3 Respiratory Arrest and Rescue Breathing Part 2

107. 3. Mouth-to-Mouth and Nose WAYS TO VENTILATE THE LUNGS Session 3 Respiratory Arrest and Rescue Breathing Part 2

108. 4. Mouth-to-Stoma WAYS TO VENTILATE THE LUNGS Session 3 Respiratory Arrest and Rescue Breathing Part 2

109. 5. Mouth-to-Face Shield WAYS TO VENTILATE THE LUNGS Session 3 Respiratory Arrest and Rescue Breathing Part 2

110. 6. Mouth-to-Mask WAYS TO VENTILATE THE LUNGS Session 3 Respiratory Arrest and Rescue Breathing Part 2

111. 7. Bag Valve Mask Device WAYS TO VENTILATE THE LUNGS Session 3 Respiratory Arrest and Rescue Breathing Part 2

112. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS: ● Avoid pressing soft tissue under the chin ● Don’t use the thumb to lift the chin ● Don’t close the victim’s mouth (unless mouth to nose is the technique) ● Each rescue breath should give enough air to make the chest rise and be given at 1 second; ● Avoid delivering more breaths (more than the number recommended) or breaths that are too large or too forceful. ● Rescuers should take a normal breath (not a deep breath) mouth to mouth or mouth-to-barrier device rescue breaths. Session 3 Respiratory Arrest and Rescue Breathing Part 2

113. Table of Comparison on Rescue Breathing ADULT CHILD INFANT Opening of airway Head Tilt-Chin Lift (HCP: for suspected spine injury, perform Jaw thrust maneuver) Method Mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose Mouth-to-mouth and nose Amount of Breath Normal breath enough to make the chest rise Rate 1 breath every 5 – 6 seconds (24 breaths for 2 min) then reassess every 2 minutes 1 breath every 3 - 5 seconds (40 breaths for 2 min) then reassess every 2 minutes Counting for Teaching Purposes Breathe 1002,1003,1004, 1001 , breathe, 1002,1003,1004, 1002 , Breathe,… up to 1024 and breathe Breathe, 1002, 1001 , Breathe, 1002, 1002 , Breathe, 1002, 1003 , Breathe,… up to 1040 and breathe Session 3 Respiratory Arrest and Rescue Breathing Part 2

114. WERE WE ABLE TO MEET OUR LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the discussion, participants should be able to correctly: Describe what Respiratory Arrest is and its causes Discuss the significance of Rescue Breathing in respiratory arrest Enumerate the different ways in Rescue Breathing Compare the Rescue Breathing techniques for infant, child, & adult Demonstrate correct Rescue Breathing techniques for infant, child, & adult At the end of the demonstration, participants should be able to precisely: Session 3 Respiratory Arrest and Rescue Breathing Part 2

115. ANY QUESTIONS?

116. SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 116 BLS for HCP Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (FBAO) Management & Rescue Breathing due to Respiratory Arrest SESSION 3

117. SL.ppt/TR/FC 20 117 BLS for HCP Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (FBAO) Management SESSION 3---Part 2

118. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the discussion, participants should be able to correctly: Define FBAO Discuss the causes, types and classification of airway obstruction Differentiate the following FBAO Management: Abdominal Thrust, Chest Thrust, Back Slaps and Chest Thrust Explain the theory behind Abdominal Thrust and its possible complications Perform proper application of abdominal thrust to a conscious child and adult. Perform back slap and chest thrust to a conscious infant. Perform chest thrust to an unconscious infant, child, and adult. Perform proper techniques of relieving FBAO under special circumstances such as in pregnant women, very obese victim, and self-care. At the end of the demonstration, participants should be able to precisely: Session 3 FBAO Management Part 1

119. Note: The video presentation is only for demonstration purposes and not for any advertisements. FBAO

120. - is a condition when solid material like chunked foods, coins, vomitus, small toys etc. are blocking the airway. FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION Session 3 FBAO Management Part 1

121. CAUSES OF AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION IMPROPER CHEWING OF LARGE PIECES OF FOOD EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL INTAKE – a. relaxation of tongue back into the throat b. Aspirated vomitus (stomach content) 3. PRESENCE OF LOOSE UPPER AND LOWER DENTURES 4. FOR CHILDREN WHO ARE RUNNING WHILE EATING FOR SMALLER CHILDREN OF HAND-TO-MOUTH STAGE LEFT UNATTENDED. Session 3 FBAO Management Part 1

122. TWO TYPES OF AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION 1. ANATOMICAL OBSTRUCTION 2. MECHANICAL OBSTRUCTION Session 3 FBAO Management Part 1

123. CLASSIFICATION OF AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION 2. SEVERE OBSTRUCTION 1. MILD OBSTRUCTION Session 3 FBAO Management Part 1

124. 1. MILD OBSTRUCTION CLASSIFICATION OF OBSTRUCTION Good air exchange Responsive and can cough forcefully May wheeze between coughs. Session 3 FBAO Management Part 1

125. CLASSIFICATION OF OBSTRUCTION 2. SEVERE OBSTRUCTION Poor or no air exchange Weak or ineffective cough or no cough at all High-pitched noise while inhaling or no noise at all Increased respiratory difficulty Cyanotic (turning blue) Unable to speak Clutching the neck with the thumb and fingers making the universal sign of choking Movement of air is absent. Session 3 FBAO Management Part 1

126. UNIVERSAL SIGN OF CHOKING A sign wherein the victim is clutching his/her neck with one or both hands and gasping for breath. Session 3 FBAO Management Part 1

127. An emergency procedure for removing a foreign object lodged in the airway that is preventing a person from breathing. Commonly used for conscious ADULT and CHILD victim. REMEMBER : Abdominal thrust should not be used in infants under 1 year of age due to risk of causing injury. FBAO MANAGEMENT: ABDOMINAL THRUST

128. 1. Incorrect application may damage the chest, ribs and internal organs. 2. May also vomit after being treated with the Abdominal thrust. Note: The victim should be examined by a Physician to rule out any life-threatening complications. Complications from Abdominal Thrust Session 3 FBAO Management Part 1

129. FBAO MANAGEMENT: 5 BACK SLAPS AND 5 CHEST THRUST For conscious INFANT with foreign body airway obstruction. Session 3 FBAO Management Part 1

130. CHEST THRUST To be used for: Obviously pregnant and Very obese patient. Instead of using abdominal thrusts, Chest thrusts are used for this group of people. The fists are placed against the middle of the breastbone and pressing the patient’s chest with backward thrust. If the victim is unconscious (adult, child or infant) the chest thrusts are similar to those used in CPR . FBAO MANAGEMENT UNDER SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES Session 3 FBAO Management Part 1

131. Theory behind Abdominal Thrus t Increase Intrathoracic Pressure Site (Compression) Foreign Body

132. FBAO Management Algorithm Adult / Child / Infant Determine scene safety. Introduce yourself to the victim, guardian and/or bystander. Determine level of breathing difficulty by checking: A. Infant - A1. Ask the parent/guardian what happened. A2. Look for signs and symptoms of airway obstruction: ineffective coughs, weak or absence of cry. B. Child/Adult - A1. Ask the victim if he/she is choking. If the victim is able to respond with good air exchange: A1.1 Stay beside the victim and encourage him/her to cough Session 3 FBAO Management Part 1

133. 4. Properly position the patient. a. Infant - support the infant on rescuer’s knee or lap b. Child/Adult - Assume straddle position behind the victim. Session 3 FBAO Management Part 1

134. Locate proper site: a. Infant - give 5 back slaps (between the shoulder blades) and 5 chest thrust using 2 fingers technique. b. Child/Adult - for abdominal thrust, properly position your balled fist against the patient’s abdomen at the midpoint between the xiphoid process and navel. Perform abdominal thrust with a quick inward and upward motion. Session 3 FBAO Management Part 1

135. 6. If patient becomes unconscious, carefully lay him/her down. Session 3 FBAO Management Part 1

136. 7. Activate Emergency Medical Service (EMS) and perform 30 Chest Compression. 8. Check oral cavity for presence of obstruction. If foreign object is visible, perform finger sweep; if not visible, properly administer FIRST Rescue Breath. 9. If air bounces back, re-position patient’s head and properly administer SECOND Rescue Breath. 10. If air goes in, assess for pulse and consciousness. 11. If patient becomes conscious, properly place patient in recovery position. Session 3 FBAO Management Part 1

137. WERE WE ABLE TO MEET THE LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the discussion, participants should be able to correctly: Define FBAO Discuss the causes, types and classification of airway obstruction Differentiate the following FBAO Management: Abdominal Thrust, Chest Thrust, Back Slaps and Chest Thrust Explain the theory behind Abdominal Thrust and its possible complications Perform proper application of abdominal thrust to a conscious child and adult. Perform back slap and chest thrust to a conscious infant. Perform chest thrust to an unconscious infant, child, and adult. Perform proper techniques of relieving FBAO under special circumstances such as in pregnant women, very obese victim, and self-care. At the end of the demonstration, participants should be able to precisely: Session 3 FBAO Management Part 1

138. ANY QUESTIONS?