Basic_Science_of_Stem_Cells_7_Slides.pptx

1. Basic Science of Stem Cells Overview of Mesenchymal and Hematopoietic Stem Cells For MBBS Students

2. Definition of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Plastic adherent cells. Express CD105, CD73, and CD90. Lack expression of CD45, CD34, CD14, CD11b, CD79alpha, CD19, and HLA-DR. Capable of trilineage differentiation into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts.

3. Functions and Importance of Stem Cells Responsible for tissue repair and natural healing processes. Enhance healing when injected into damaged tissues. Applications: Cartilage, bone, ligament, and tendon repair. Interventional orthopedics uses MSCs to avoid surgery in orthopedic conditions.

4. Types of Stem Cells in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs): Regenerative medicine potential. Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs): Produce blood cells and assist in muscle repair. Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Facilitate vascular homeostasis and neovasculogenesis. Pericytes: Assist in neovasculogenesis and differentiate into MSCs during injury.

5. Differentiation and Functions of MSCs Differentiate into various cell types based on local environmental factors. Ascorbic acid, phosphate, dexamethasone → Osteoblasts. Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) → Chondrocytes. MSC population is heterogeneous, not a single cell type.

6. Specialized Bone Marrow Cells Osteochondral Reticular Cells: Differentiate into osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Multilineage Differentiating Stress-Enduring Cells: Differentiate into endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Activated by physical stress; involved in tissue repair and regenerative homeostasis.

7. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance Bone marrow contains diverse stem cells for tissue regeneration. Focus of Bone Marrow Aspiration (BMA) is to maximize MSC yield. Emerging treatments in regenerative medicine and interventional orthopedics.