Behavioral_Disorders_in_Children_Seminar.pptx

Behavioural problems in children

1. Behavioral Disorders in Children Pediatrics Department Seminar Presented by: [Your Name]

2. Objectives • Define developmental and behavioral disorders • Recognize common types • Discuss diagnosis and management

3. Overview • Importance of early identification • Role of parents, teachers, and pediatricians • Impact on learning and social development

4. Global Developmental Delay & Intellectual Disability • Delay in ≥2 domains: motor, speech, cognition, social skills, ADL • Prevalence 2.5–5%

5. Etiology • Antenatal: Fragile X, Rett, infections, teratogens • Perinatal: Hypoxic injury, kernicterus • Postnatal: Trauma, toxins, B12 deficiency

6. Management • Multidisciplinary approach • Pediatric neurologist, psychologist, physiotherapist • Early intervention improves potential

7. Autism Spectrum Disorder • Impairment in social interaction, communication, restricted interests

8. Etiopathogenesis of ASD • Genetic and neural abnormalities • Mirror neuron dysfunction • Fragile X, tuberous sclerosis

9. Diagnosis of ASD • DSM-5: deficits in social communication & repetitive behavior • Onset before 3 years

10. Management of ASD • Behavioral therapy cornerstone • Risperidone, olanzapine for aggression • Parent training crucial

11. ADHD • Most common neurobehavioral disorder • Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity

12. Diagnosis of ADHD • DSM-5 criteria • Symptoms in ≥2 settings • Onset before 12 years

13. Management of ADHD • Psychotherapy and parent training • Methylphenidate, atomoxetine if refractory

14. Comorbidities of ADHD • Sleep problems, enuresis, learning disorders, conduct issues

15. Specific Learning Disability • Impaired reading/writing/arithmetic with normal intelligence

16. Types of SLD • Dyslexia – reading • Dysgraphia – writing • Dyscalculia – arithmetic

17. Management of SLD • Remedial education • Individualized teaching plans • Parental involvement essential

18. Tic Disorders • Sudden, repetitive, non-rhythmic motor/vocal tics

19. Tourette Syndrome • Onset <18 years, >1 year duration • Both motor & vocal tics • Often coexists with OCD/ADHD

20. Management of Tics • Behavioral therapy mainstay • Clonidine/haloperidol for severe cases

21. Oppositional Defiant Disorder • Defiant, argumentative, vindictive behavior • Managed with behavioral therapy

22. Conduct Disorder • Aggressive, destructive, rule-violating behavior • Psychotherapy and social rehab

23. Juvenile Delinquency • Antisocial behavior <18 years • Family and community interventions

24. Munchausen by Proxy • Caregiver fabricates/induces illness in child • Requires protection and psychotherapy

25. Parasomnias & Eating Disorders • Sleepwalking, night terrors, anorexia, bulimia • Managed with reassurance and therapy

26. Pica • Eating non-food items >1 month • Risk: lead poisoning, anemia

27. Temper Tantrums • Emotional outbursts (1.5–3 years) • Stay calm, consistent, use time-out

28. Breath-Holding Spells • Triggered by frustration • Parental reassurance, rule out seizures

29. Other Common Habits • Thumb sucking, stuttering, enuresis, encopresis • Behavioral modification, positive reinforcement

30. Summary • Early detection & family involvement vital • Behavioral therapy = foundation • Supportive environment ensures best outcome