Behavioral-Modification-in-class-week-11-02012022-083504pm.ppt

Behavior modification and applied behavior analysis.

1. Behavior Modification
in Class
Farah Nasir

2. Behavior Modification
Behavior modification is the use of basic
learning techniques, such as:
–Conditioning
–Biofeedback
–Reinforcement and,
–Aversion therapy to alter human behaviors.
Positive Reinforcement is a form of behavior modification.

3. In Simple Terms
•It involves applying the principles of cognitive
learning to change a behavior.
•It teaches children which behaviors are
acceptable and appropriate and which are not.
•It is a strategy of prevention.

4. Characteristics of Behavior
Modification

5. Using The Behavioral Approach
Define and contrast the three types of
behavioral learning theories (contiguity,
classical conditioning, and operant
conditioning), giving examples of how each
can be used in the classroom.

6. Behavior Modification Techniques
There are five categories of activities that can be
addressed with behavior modification techniques:
• Develop a new behavior
• Strengthen a behavior
• Maintain an established behavior
• Stop inappropriate behavior
• Modify emotional behavior

7. Behavior Modification Techniques
Develop a
new
behavior
Continuous Reinforcement
Principle
●To develop a new behavior
that the child has not
previously exhibited, arrange
for an immediate reward after
each correct performance.
Negative Reinforcement Principle
●To increase a child's
performance in a particular
way, arrange for him to avoid
or escape a mild aversive
situation by improving his
behavior or by allowing him to
avoid the aversive situation by
behaving appropriately.
Successive Approximation
Principle
●To teach a child to act in a
manner in which he has
seldom or never before
behaved, reward successive
steps to the final behavior
(also called shaping).
Cueing Principle
●To teach a child to remember
to act at a specific time,
arrange for him to receive a
cue for the correct
performance just before the
action is expected rather than
after he has performed it
incorrectly.

8. Behavior Modification Techniques
Strengthen a new behavior
Decreasing Reinforcement Principle
•To encourage a child to continue
performing an established behavior
with few or no rewards, gradually
require a longer time period or
more correct responses before a
correct behavior is rewarded.
Variable Reinforcement Principle
•To improve or increase a child's
performance of a certain activity,
provide the child with an
intermittent reward.

9. Maintain an
established
behavior
Substitution Principle
●To change reinforcers
when a previously effective
reward is no longer
controlling behavior,
present it just before (or as
soon as possible to) the
time you present the new,
hopefully more effective
reward.
Satiation Principle
●To stop a child from acting
in a particular way, you
may allow him to continue
(or insist that he continue)
performing the undesired
act until he gets tires of it
Extinction Principle
●To stop a child from acting
in a particular way, you may
arrange conditions so that he
receives no rewards following
the undesired act.
Incompatible Alternative
Principle
●To stop a child from acting in
a particular way, you may
reward an alternative action
that is inconsistent with or
cannot be performed at the
same time as the undesired
act.
Behavior Modification Techniques

10. Behavior Modification Techniques
Stop an inappropriate behavior
Response
Cost
Principle
To stop a child from acting in a
certain way, remove a pleasant
stimulus immediately after the
action occurs. Since response cost
results in increased hostility and
aggression, it should only be used
infrequently and in conjunction
with reinforcement.

11. Behavior Modification Techniques
Modify emotional behavior
Avoidance Principle
•To teach a child to avoid a certain
type of situation, simultaneously
present to the child the situation to
be avoided (or some representation
of it) and some aversive condition (or
its representation).
Fear Reduction Principle
•To help a child overcome his fear of
a particular situation, gradually
increase his exposure to the feared
situation while he is otherwise
comfortable, relaxed, secure or
rewarded.

12. Token Economy or Behavior Chart
A Behavior chart is a form of behavior
modification techniques designed to increase
desirable behavior and decrease undesirable
behavior with the use of tokens (stars, stickers
etc). Individuals receive tokens immediately
after displaying desirable behavior. The tokens
are collected and later exchanged for a
meaningful object or privilege.

13. Behaviors
Chart

14. Addressing Difficult Classroom
Behaviors
Applied behavioral analysis
Behavior modification through systematic application of
principles of behaviorism
Functional analysis
changing response-reinforcement contingencies
Positive behavioral support
identifying purposes of undesirable behaviors and providing
alternative behaviors
Schoolwide positive behavior support

15. Positive Behavioral Support
•Teach behaviors that can serve the same purpose as—and
can therefore replace—inappropriate behaviors.
•Modify the classroom environment to minimize conditions
that might trigger inappropriate behaviors.
•Establish a predictable daily routine as a way of minimizing
anxiety and making the student feel more comfortable and
secure.

16. Positive Behavioral Support
Give the student opportunities to make choices.
Make adaptations in the curriculum, instruction, or both to
maximize the likelihood of academic success.
Monitor the frequency of various behaviors to determine
whether the intervention is working or, instead, requires
modification.

17. Schoolwide Positive Behavioral
Support
•Explicitly defining and teaching appropriate behaviors, including productive ways of
getting desired outcomes.
•Designing a curriculum and implementing instructional practices tailored to students’
needs and abilities.
•Giving students opportunities to make choices.
•Regularly reinforcing students for appropriate behavior.
•Providing considerable guidance and support for students who need them.
•Continually monitoring the program’s effectiveness by examining office referrals,
disciplinary actions, and other relevant data.