Behavioral Traits and their impact on Accidents and Injuries.pptx

This presentation explores the intersection of cultural anthropology, sociology, and social psychology in planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating (PIME) accident and injury prevention. A complex interplay of behavioral traits, cultural beliefs, and social structures influences accidents and injuries.
It examines cultural rituals, taboos, and belief systems that shape attitudes toward accidents, highlighting both protective and harmful behaviors. By integrating insights from cultural anthropology, sociology, and social psychology, this discussion emphasizes the need for culturally informed approaches to accident prevention and injury management in public health.

1. Consideration and Application of Cultural Anthropology, Sociology and Social Psychology in Planning, Implementation, Monitoring & Evaluation (PIME) of “Accidents and Injuries” Presented By: Ishwori Byanju Shrestha Roshan Thapa MPH, 2 nd Sem ester SHAS, Pokhara University 1 19/02/2025

2. Trait of Cultural Anthropology 2 19/02/2025

3. Avoiding areas prone to natural hazards or supernatural forces. Favorable Health Behavior Rituals during travel, Folklore and stories transmit, Medicinal plants are indigenously used as the means of first Aid. Traditions Believing that accidents are unavoidable acts of God, Reluctance to evacuate ancestral homes, Fireworks displays and stunt performances during festivals. Belief Systems Accidents are predetermined by fate discourages preventive measures, Perform sacrifices to appease spirits Taboos Restrictions on children playing near dangerous places, Prohibition of working during certain weather conditions Treatment with charms instead of seeking professional care Rituals Vehicle blessing ceremonies promotes mindfulness about travel safety Sacrificial offerings. Healing rituals relying solely on spiritual practices Aggressive driving habits . Adoption of modern safety technologies Learning risk management Acculturation Unfavorable Health Behavior Traits 3 19/02/2025

4. Traditions Favorable Behavior: Rituals to Protect from Harm: In many cultures, rituals are performed for safety during risky activities, ensuring psychological comfort and potentially reducing stress-related health risks. “Apotropaic Magic,2025” Javanese Folklore for Disaster Mitigation: Embedded knowledge in folktales can promote early awareness of disaster preparedness, influencing proactive behaviors. ( Indriana et al., 2021) The common indigenous medical practices in natural disaster are as follows: Bleeding control: Apply paste of Panchaunle tuber or Banmara leaf juice and make a tight bandage. Wound healing: Use Liparis odorata Lindl . leaf juice for non-healing ulcers and burns. Pain and swelling: Apply Bhui champa rhizome paste to reduce swelling and pain. (Joshi, V., 2011 ) Unfavorable Behavior Reliance on Rituals: Focusing on ritualistic practices for protection may divert attention from practical, evidence-based safety measures, potentially increasing vulnerability in real disaster scenarios. (Joshi et al., 2011) 4 19/02/2025

5. Beliefs Favorable Behavior: Health Behaviors and Prevention : Traditional beliefs that encourage avoiding hazardous areas or risky behaviors may provide natural protection, promoting cautious actions that can reduce the risk of accidents and injuries. (Health and Medicine | Perspectives: An Open Invitation to Cultural Anthropology, n.d . ) Unfavorable Behavior: Beliefs that accidents or health issues are predestined by fate or divine will (e.g., "Acts of God") can lead to fatalism. This mindset reduces the motivation to engage in preventive health behaviors or seek timely medical intervention. ( Kayani et al., 2012) Deep cultural attachment to ancestral homes may lead to resistance in evacuating during natural disasters, despite clear risks. This reluctance can expose individuals to higher health risks during emergencies, complicating disaster response efforts. ( Kulatunga , 2010) 5 19/02/2025

6. Taboos Favorable Behavior: Protection from Harm : Taboos like restricting children from certain activities can reduce their exposure to dangerous situations, promoting safety. ( Mndawe , 2019) Unfavorable Behavior: Relying solely on traditional healing methods, such as charms or spiritual treatments, instead of seeking professional medical care can lead to adverse health outcomes. A study in Sudan found that 38% of injured participants sought care from traditional healers, which was associated with a significant negative impact on their health outcomes. ( Abdalla Safa , 2010). 6 19/02/2025

7. Rituals Favorable Behavior: Vehicle Blessings : Rituals blessing vehicles can offer psychological comfort and invoke feelings of safety, potentially reducing stress-related accidents. ( Trix , 1996) Unfavorable Behavior: Reliance on rituals to prevent disasters may delay medical interventions, leading to worse health outcomes in emergencies. ( Eckenwiler , 2004) 7 19/02/2025

8. Aculturation Favorable Behavior: Adoption of Modern Safety Technology : Acculturation often leads to the integration of modern safety technologies that improve health outcomes, such as health information systems. ( Alotaibi & Federico, 2017) Health Advancements from Industrialized Societies : Learning risk management from industrialized societies can promote safety practices and better health behaviors . Unfavorable Behavior: Acculturation can lead to the adoption of aggressive driving habits. A study found that young Asian-born Australian drivers exhibit a higher risk of traffic crashes compared to their Australian-born counterparts. This elevated risk may be attributed to challenges in adapting to Australian driving norms. ( Boufous Soufiane et al, 2023) 8 19/02/2025

9. P3CE in Planning for Accident and Injury Prevention and Management P3CE Components Promotion -Use traditional storytelling and folklore to spread safety awareness. ( Tradition ) - Integrate rituals that align with safety messages, such as blessing safety gear. ( Rituals) Prevention - Address fatalistic beliefs to promote proactive safety behaviors. ( Beliefs) - Combine traditional first-aid practices with modern medical interventions. ( Traditions ) Protection - Preserve protective customs, such as avoiding work during extreme weather. ( Beliefs and Taboos ) - Integrate indigenous knowledge into disaster preparedness strategies. ( Traditions) Control - Develop policies balancing traditional healing with evidence-based medical practices. ( Traditions) Encouragement -Engage traditional leaders, shamans, or elders to advocate for safe practices. ( Taboos and Beliefs) - Support acculturation processes that blend traditional safety norms with modern preventive behaviors. ( Acculturation) 9 19/02/2025

10. PIME 10 Traditions and Beliefs Rituals and Beliefs Traditions and Beliefs Traditions 19/02/2025

11. Sociological Traits 11 19/02/2025

12. Sociological Traits 12 19/02/2025

13. Favorable Health Behavior I nclusion of diverse cultural practices may lead to innovative approaches Ethnic Variation Ethnic minorities may experience health disparities Caste System Unequal access to healthcare and safety resources Kinship Supportive Social Networks, Channel for Health Information Dissemination Social Pressure and Stigma Family and Community Structure E nhance safety behaviors Preserve risky behaviors or traditional practices Creates disparities in access to resources Wealthier socioeconomic groups, more likely to access healthcare, safety equipment, and education Social and economic stratification Unfavorable Health Behavior Traits 13 19/02/2025

14. Ethnic Variation Favorable Behaviors : Diverse ethnic groups can offer varied health perspectives and culturally tailored safety practices, potentially improving the acceptance of health interventions across communities. The inclusion of diverse cultural practices may lead to innovative approaches in accident prevention and injury management. (Williams & Mohammed, 2013 ). The use of Ayurvedic and herbal remedies in Nepal for wound healing and pain relief. In some communities, people apply turmeric, honey, or herbal pastes to wounds. Unfavorable Behaviors : Ethnic minorities may experience health disparities due to discrimination, limited access to healthcare, and cultural barriers to adopting modern safety technologies, leading to higher rates of accidents and injuries. Black patients are less likely to receive pain medication compared to White patients for the same conditions. (Gee & Ford, 2011 ). Ethnic minorities often have lower incomes and less access to health insurance, reducing their ability to seek timely medical care. 14 19/02/2025

15. Caste System Unfavorable Behaviors : The caste system can lead to unequal access to healthcare and safety resources, increasing the vulnerability of lower-caste groups to accidents and injuries due to discrimination, poverty, and lack of education ‘  Dalit women experience double discrimination based upon their caste identity and their gender. They are largely ignored and experience discrimination leading to health inequity, especially with regard to maternal health services .’ ( Thapa R, 2021) 15 19/02/2025

16. Kinship Favorable Health Behaviour: Supportive Social Networks : Strong kinship ties can provide emotional support, financial assistance, and caregiving during illness, facilitating access to healthcare services and promoting adherence to medical advice. Health Information Dissemination: Kinship networks can serve as channels for disseminating health-related information, increasing awareness about preventive measures, treatments, and healthy lifestyle practices. Unfavorable Health Behaviour: Social Pressure and Stigma: Kinship networks can exert pressure to conform to group norms, which may discourage individuals from seeking necessary medical care due to fear of stigma or exclusion, especially in cases involving diseases perceived as shameful . (Fischer Kathrin, 2020) 16 19/02/2025

17. Family and Community Structure Favorable Health Behaviors : A supportive family and community structure can enhance safety behaviors, facilitate timely medical care, and provide a social safety net in case of accidents, contributing to better health outcomes (Cohen & Wills, 1985). Unfavorable Health Behaviors : Strong community structures may sometimes preserve risky behaviors or traditional practices that disregard modern safety measures, such as the use of unsafe transportation methods or rituals instead of medical care, leading to higher injury rates ( Ghosh et al., 2017). 17 19/02/2025

18. Social and Economic Stratification Favorable Behaviors : In wealthier socioeconomic groups, individuals are more likely to access healthcare, safety equipment, and education about injury prevention, resulting in lower accident rates and better outcomes ( Hemenway & Solnick , 2014). Unfavorable Behaviors : Economic stratification creates disparities in access to resources, where lower socioeconomic groups face higher accident risks due to poor living conditions, inadequate healthcare, and unsafe working environments ( García & Johnson, 2018). 18 19/02/2025

19. Political System (Legislative, Executive, Judicial Processes) Favorable Behaviors : A robust political system that enforces safety regulations, provides public health education, and ensures access to healthcare can significantly reduce accidents and improve injury management through better governance and resource allocation (McGovern & Cummings, 2015 ). Unfavorable Behaviors : In countries with weak political systems or inadequate enforcement of safety regulations, there is often a lack of accountability, leading to poor health outcomes. Insufficient legislation or poor access to healthcare in marginalized communities may increase vulnerability to accidents and injuries ( Muntaner et al., 2006). 19 19/02/2025

20. P3CE Planning for Accident and Injury Prevention and Management P3CE Component Sociological Traits Considered Strategies/Interventions Promotion Culturally sensitive practices, socio-economic context Develop public health campaigns targeting specific ethnic or socioeconomic groups to promote practices like seatbelt use and childproofing homes. Prevention Vulnerabilities of social groups (low-income, caste-based discrimination) Create early detection and intervention programs targeting high-risk groups, ensuring timely medical responses to injuries. Protection Economic and cultural needs of affected individuals Tailor rehabilitation services to meet the cultural and economic needs of marginalized communities, ensuring equal access to post-injury care. 20 19/02/2025

21. Control Social disparities in healthcare access Enforce policies that address social inequalities, ensuring equitable access to injury prevention resources and healthcare services. Encouragement Community structures, kinship, and social networks Leverage social networks to advocate for safety measures and create collective responsibility for injury prevention, particularly in marginalized communities. 21 19/02/2025

22. PIME 22 19/02/2025

23. Social Psychology Traits 23 19/02/2025

24. Positive outcomes when the group exhibits Optimism and resilience Favorable Health Behavior Collective decisions, Responding efficiently to emergencies, Safety cultures, Group Motivation Collective inaction , Burnout Mass temperament Spread of misinformation or refusal to adhere to preventive health measures Group Identity Adhere to health norms and participate in health initiatives Detachment, failing to engage in necessary safety measures during disasters Group dynamics Collaboration and open communication Exclusion , peer pressure can hinder health interventions, discourage participation Reinforce unhealthy habits or norms, such as smoking or alcohol consumption within a community. Shared responsibility Collective Behaviors Unfavorable Health Behavior Traits 24 19/02/2025

25. Group Motivation Favorable: Group motivation can lead to a stronger safety culture, where employees collectively prioritize safe practices and support each other in maintaining high safety standards. This reduces accidents and improves overall workplace health . ( Sarna Sharmin Gias , 2015) Unfavorable: Conversely , a lack of group motivation or detachment can lead to collective inaction, as seen in communities failing to engage in necessary safety measures or Highly motivated groups might push themselves too hard without adequate rest or resources, leading to burnout if not managed properly. ( Yongzhan Li , 2022 ) . 25 19/02/2025

26. Mass Temperament Favorable: Mass temperament, or the emotional mood of a large group, can influence public health outcomes positively when the group exhibits optimism and resilience, promoting health behavior adoption (Huang Chan et al., 2017). Unfavorable: However , when the mass temperament is characterized by fear or panic, especially during health crises, it can lead to harmful behaviors, such as the spread of misinformation or refusal to adhere to preventive health measures. 26 19/02/2025

27. Group Dynamics Favorable: Positive group dynamics foster collaboration and open communication, allowing for efficient dissemination of health-related information and collective action on issues Unfavorable: On the other hand, negative group dynamics, such as exclusion, peer pressure, or dominance of certain voices, can hinder health interventions, discourage participation, and perpetuate harmful health behaviors ( Hoddinot Pat et al., 2010). 27 19/02/2025

28. Group Identity Favorable: A strong group identity can encourage individuals to adhere to health norms and participate in health initiatives that protect the group’s collective well-being, such as community-led safety programs Unfavorable: When a group's identity is strongly tied to certain norms or values, members might resist external advice or interventions that challenge these norms or stigmatizes individuals who seek help for health problems (A Rathbone Joanne, 2023). 28 19/02/2025

29. Collective Behaviors Positive: Collective behaviors, such as community participation in health activities (e.g., vaccination drives, disaster preparedness programs), can significantly improve public health outcomes by promoting shared responsibility. Negative : However , collective behaviors that reinforce unhealthy habits or norms, such as smoking or alcohol consumption within a community, can pose risks to public health and hinder prevention efforts (WHO, 1989). 29 19/02/2025

30. P3CE P3CE Components Social Psychological Traits Strategies Promotion Group cognition, mass temperament, positive group dynamics Help communities recognize risks and adopt preventive measures. Create campaigns to promote calm and safe behaviors during crises. Foster cooperation in safety protocols. Prevention Group motivation, group identity, collective behaviors Encourage early detection and response through community screenings and workplace safety. Promote shared responsibility for injury prevention and adoption of safety behaviors. Protection Group cognition, group dynamics, collective behaviors Guide rehabilitation through community support groups and positive health practices. Use collective behaviors to reintegrate individuals into the community post-injury. 30 19/02/2025

31. Control Mass temperament, group motivation Maintain collective responsibility for safety through community solidarity. Use group motivation to ensure ongoing commitment to safety practices. Encouragement Group identity, group dynamics, collective behaviors Strengthen community action towards safety by reinforcing group identity and behaviors that promote long-term adherence to safety standards. 31 19/02/2025

32. PIME 32 19/02/2025

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34. References.. Health and Medicine | Perspectives: An Open Invitation to Cultural Anthropology . ( n.d. ). Retrieved February 4, 2025, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-culturalanthropology/chapter/health_and_medicine / . Alotaibi , Y. K., & Federico, F. (2017). The impact of health information technology on patient safety. Saudi Medical Journal , 38 (12), 1173. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2017.12.20631 An explosion of fireworks injures more than 150 people at a temple in India | AP News . ( n.d. ). Retrieved February 4, 2025, from https://apnews.com/article/india-temple-firecrackers-explosion-1859c67cf6ecb2bbf502d62a9fae1759 Angsongna , A., Armah , F. A., Boamah , S., Hambati , H., Luginaah , I., Chuenpagdee , R., & Campbell, G. (2016). A Systematic Review of Resource Habitat Taboos and Human Health Outcomes in the Context of Global Environmental Changes. Global Bioethics , 27 (2–4), 91–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/11287462.2016.1212608 Apotropaic magic. (2025). In Wikipedia . https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apotropaic_magic&oldid=1272918757 Chapter 11 – Health and Medicine | Selected Perspectives: An Open Introduction to Cultural Anthropology . ( n.d. ). Retrieved February 4, 2025, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-esc-culturalanthropology/chapter/health_and_medicine/?utm_source=chatgpt.com Diwali. (2025). In Wikipedia . https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diwali&oldid=1271225321 Eckenwiler , L. A. (2004). Ethical Issues in Emergency Preparedness and Response for Health Professionals. AMA Journal of Ethics , 6 (5), 235–241. https://doi.org/10.1001/virtualmentor.2004.6.5.msoc2-0405 Elendu , C. (2024). The evolution of ancient healing practices: From shamanism to Hippocratic medicine: A review. Medicine , 103 (28), e39005. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000039005 Five risk-reduction strategies updated with age-old knowledge | UNDRR . (2022, July 5). https:// www.undrr.org/news/five-risk-reduction-strategies-updated-age-old-knowledge 34 19/02/2025

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37. Thank You 37 19/02/2025