BEHAVIOUR THERAPY.pptx powerpoint presentation

it is mental health nursing power point presentation for nursing students.it will help you to study the behaviour therapy in detail

1. BEHAVIOUR THERAPY

2. definition behaviour therapy is the attempt alter human behaviour and emotions in a beneficial way according to the laws of modern learning theory

3. goals to identify and help an individual to change potentially self destructive or un healthy behaviour

4. assumptions of behaviour therapy it is assumed that all behaviours are learned and that unhealthy behaviours can be changed the focus of treatment is often on current problems and how to change them

5. indications chronic pain stress related behaviour problems anorexia substanced abuse anxiety ADHD Tics phobia

6. chronic distress depression obesity OCD

7. TECHNIQUES SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION It was developed by Joseph Wolpe, based on the behavioral principle of counter conditioning. this therapy aimes to remove the fear response of a phobia and substitute a relaxation response to the conditioned stimulus

8. PHASES Relaxation training Hierarchy construction Desensitization of the stimulus

9. Relaxation training There are many methods which can be used to induce relaxation, some of them are: deep breathing exercise meditation yoga Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation

10. Hierarchy construction: Here the patient is asked to list all the conditions which provoke anxiety. Then he is asked to list them in a descending order of anxiety provocation.

11. Desensitization of the stimulus: This can either be done in reality or through imagination. At first,the lowest item in hierarchy is confronted. The patient is advised to signal whenever anxiety is produced. With each signal he is asked to relax. After a few trials, patient is able to control his anxiety gradually.

12. flooding/exposure/implosion :The patient is directly exposed to the phobic stimulus, but escape is made impossible. By prolonged contact with the phobic stimulus,the therapist's guidance and encouragement and his modeling behavior reduce anxiety. eg-individual with fear of flying will be sent up in a aircraft

13. Aversion therapy Pairing of the pleasant stimulus with an unpleasant response, so that even in absence of the unpleasant response the pleasant stimulus becomes unpleasant by association.undesirable behaviour can be reduced by aversive conditioning example:thought stopping techniques is used in obsessional thoughts

14. operant conditioning Operant conditioning procedures for increasing adaptive behavior Operant conditioning procedures for decreasing maladaptive behaviour Operant conditioning procedures to teach new behaviour

15. Operant conditioning procedures for increasing adaptive behavior Positive reinforcement : When a behavioral response is followed by a generally rewarding event such as food, praise or gifts, it tends to be strengthened and occurs more frequently than before the reward. This technique is used to increase desired behavior.

16. Tokeneconomy :This program involves giving token rewards for appropriate or desired target behaviors performed by the patient. The token can later be exchanged for other rewards. For example on inpatient hospital wards, patients receive a reward for performing a desired behavior,such tokens which they may use to purchase luxury items or certain privileges.

17. Operant conditioning procedures for decreasing maladaptive behaviour Extinction/Ignoring : Extinction means removal of attention rewards permanently, following a problem behavior. This includes actions like not looking at the patient, not talking to the patient, or having no physical contact with the patient etc, following the problem behavior. This is commonly used when patient exhibits odd behavior

18. punishment :add aversive stimulus to decrease behaviour. The punishment procedure should be administered immediately and consistently following the undesirable behavior with clear explanation’

19. timeout is popular technique based on principle of negative punishment.when a person demonstrate an undesirable behaviour ,he is removed from a desirable activity watching tv for a period of time

20. Operant conditioning procedures to teach new behavior Modeling :Modeling is a method of teaching by demonstration, wherein the therapist shows how a specific behavior is to be performed role play process: attention reproduction retention reinforcement

21. shaping instead of rewarding only the desired behaviour,therapist reward successive approximation of desired behaviour shaping ,behaviours are broken down in to many small achievable steps.Initially, all forms of behaviour are rewarded that gradually replaced with only desired behaviour.with time progress person able to achieve the desired response.with time progress ,the person able to achieve the actual desired response

22. Chaining is used when a person fails to perform a complex task. The complex task is broken into a number of small steps and each step is taught to the patient.

23. forward chaining one starts with the firststep,goes on to the second step, then to the third and so on. In backward chaining, one starts with the last step and goes on to the next step in a backward fashion. Backward chaining ifound to be more effective in training the mentally disabled.