Beosp and narco

Brain Electrical Oscillation Signature Profiling and Narco Analysis are widely used to determine criminal behavior.

1. Narco Analysis By saniya zedi Assistant professor

2. Introduction NARCO-ANALYSIS refers to the practice of administering barbiturates or certain other chemical substances ( pentothal sodium ) , to lower a subject’s inhibitions, in the hope that the subject will more freely share information and feelings . The term Narco -Analysis is used to describe a diagnostic and psychotherapeutic technique that uses psychotropic drugs , particularly barbiturates, to induce a stupor in which mental elements with strong associated affects come to the surface, where they can be exploited by the therapist .  It’s a psychotherapy conducted while the patient is in a sleep like state induced by barbiturates or other drugs.

3. P rocedure  In the Narco Analysis Test, the subjects inhibitions are lowered by interfering with his nervous system at the molecular level. In this state , it becomes difficult though not impossible for him to lie .In such sleep-like state efforts are made to obtain " probative truth " about the crime.

4. Drugs Used

5. Mechanism of Action

6. Set up

7. TEAM

8. A psychiatrist certifies that the subject’s mental status as fit , as a number of psychiatric conditions like clinical depression and psychosis are contra-indicative. forensic psychologist is the one who is going to conduct the interview • The questions are selected very carefully and should be concise, precise & relevant. Anaesthesiologist Administration of drug • Maintenance of narcotic state • To monitor levels of sedation and oxygen saturation general physician • He has to certify that the subject is fit for undergoing this procedure • Also he has to be attentive all through the procedure towards any significant changes , if any , in the subject’s vital physiological signs. Videography The whole process of any subject undergoing narco -analysis is videographed

9. Technique

10. Pre-test Interview Post-test Interview

11. Report

12. Practice Define Narco -analysis? Mention the concentration of drug used? Mechanism of action? Team requirement.

13. BEOSP By Saniya Zedi Assistant professor

14. BEOSP BEOSP also known as brain fingerprinting is a neuro -psychological method of interrogation in which the accuser’s participation in the crime is investigated by studying their brain’s response. BRAIN ELECTRICAL OSCILLATION SIGNATURE PROFILING BEOSP is a computer-based technology to identify the perpetrator of a crime accurately and scientifically by measuring brain-wave responses to crime-relevant words or pictures presented on a computer screen.

15. The technique is not for interrogation. It does not require any questions or any answers. It reveals objectively whether information is present in the brain, regardless of whether any false or truthful statements are made by the subject. The brain does the talking.

16. Application The test measures individual brain-wave responses to relevant words, pictures or sounds presented by a computer. The measurements are recorded in fractions of a second after the stimulus is presented, before the subject is able to formulate or control a response. In a major milestone for the company, the results of this patented testing methodology have been ruled admissible in court as scientific evidence. The technology has many exciting applications in several very large markets: national security, medical diagnostics, advertising, insurance fraud and in the criminal justice system.

17. Principle Neural processing / activation are different during retrieval of knowledge acquired through experience in comparison with retrieval of knowledge acquired through conceptual learning. Retrieval of Experiencing Knowledge may have components of sensory-motor mental imageries representing reality contacts and verifications, though the knowledge derived is only subjectively verified and interpreted. Extensive research in Neuroscience has shown that the brain activation pattern is significantly different during ‘ remembering’ and ‘knowing ’. Remembrance is always that of past personal episodes which constitutes the experiences of the individual. On the other hand knowing represents retrieval from the knowledge bank of the brain used for recognition of the entities of world and their conceptualizations.

18. WORKING   Brain Fingerprinting testing works as follows: Words or pictures relevant to a crime are flashed on a computer screen, along with other irrelevant words or pictures. Electrical Brain responses are measured non-invasively through a patented headband equipped with sensors. Lawrence Farwell had discovered that a scientific brain-wave response called a MERMER (Memory and Encoding Related Multifaceted Electroencephalographic Response) is elicited when the brain processes noteworthy information it recognizes. Thus, when details of the crime that only the perpetrator would know are presented, a MERMER is emitted by the brain of a perpetrator, but not by the brain of an innocent suspect. In Farwell Brain Fingerprinting, a computer analyses the brain response to detect the MERMER, and thus determines scientifically whether the specific crime-relevant information is stored in the brain of the suspect.

19. Visual probes Used when testing is carried out after a long lapse Focuses the subject’s memory on the issues related to the event Visual probe is presented before auditory probes Neutral and crime scene photographs are presented to the subject Each visual probe is presented for an appropriate duration Visual information can be used as core probes for seeking EK of participation in an act from a subject Visual information selected based on: Direct relevance with case Relevance with the life events of the subject Neutral events

20. Recording Subject seated in a soundproof room 32 channels recording of the electrical activity of the brain 30 cephalic electrodes- reference electrodes on the ear lobes 2 channels for recording the eye movements Baseline recordings done with eyes closed and eyes open Neutral probes presented before probes related to the crime scene The EEG was acquired and analyzed

21. Detection The fundamental difference between the perpetrator of a crime and an innocent person is that the perpetrator, having committed the crime, has the details of the crime stored in his memory, and the innocent suspect does not. This is what Brain fingerprinting testing detects scientifically, the presence or absence of specific information. In a Brain fingerprinting test, relevant words, pictures or sounds are presented to a subject by a computer in a series with irrelevant and control stimuli. The brainwave responses to these stimuli are measured using a patented headband equipped with EEG sensors. The data is then analysed to determine if the relevant information is present in the subject’s memory. A specific, measurable brain response known as a P300 , is emitted by the brain of a subject who has the relevant information stored in his brain, but not by a subject who does not have this record in his brain.

22. The human brain stores information in the form of signals in different sensory modalities all through the waking periods. These signals are classified in terms of their relationship perceived as function of experience and existing knowledge, as well as new relationship produced through sequential processing. The process is called encoding which is primary, if individual has directly participated or experienced. It is considered secondary when the information is obtained from secondary sources such as watching, listening etc. Primary encoding is deep seated as the individual himself/herself will have shared or participated in the experience/act/event. Such encoded information can be found when the brain is activated by using portion of the information relating to the act/event which is part of the event. The brain of the subject who has participated in such event, will respond differently from that of a person who either has not participated or received the same information from secondary sources. The retrieval of information by  Brain Mapping  is based on this principle. By using this technique, it is possible to identify the precise individual who has perpetrated crime and can be differentiated from that of those who have acquired information from the secondary sources. The individuals who have Primary encoded information will show the characteristic brain responses which are indicative of the possession of first hand knowledge [personally acquired] of the event.

23. Legal status The technology of Brain mapping developed has revolutionized the causes of crime investigation in the country and has obtained laurels and recognitions by the Judiciary and Investigating agencies. Further, the Brain mapping technology has survived a series of legal challenges under Article 20 (3) and Article 21 of Indian Constitution. The best feature of this test is that it does not require oral responses, hence preventing alteration of statements by the subject.

24. Advantages • No response required from subject • No interaction with subject during the procedure • Non invasive technique • No human factor • No suggestibility • Monitoring of brain for presence of experience of the concerned

25. Practice What is BEOSP? What is MERMER? How does BEOSP work?