Best Digital Marketing Institute in Faridabad | Learn Online & Offline

Onetickcdc is the leading digital marketing institute in Faridabad, offering professional training programs designed to build

successful careers in the digital world. Our expert-led courses cover SEO, social media marketing, Google Ads, content marketing, email marketing, and more. With practical learning, live projects, and industry-relevant modules, we help students, professionals, and entrepreneurs master essential digital skills. Onetickcdc focuses on hands-on training, placement assistance, and updated curriculum to meet the latest industry trends. Join the best digital marketing institute in Faridabad and boost your career with Onetickcdc today!

Website - https://demo.onetickcdc.com/

1. 10 COLONIALISM AND COUNTRYSIDE
10 COLN IOASCMD UM ULTT NCRYE
IBeU nDLCLNO IeTe0LATLNg AaaMICMY L0 10YLA0 IeR0CDENLYM
IlUe SDedL0IMN IAgM R0YMD COM Ie0CDeT ea t0hTLNO tANC 10YLA ZegSA0E
m nM0hAT itANCMD0 10YLA rDeRhOTE SDMNM0C YAE 10YLA0 NCACMN ea
nM0hATsnLOADsPOADuA0YscDLNNAsA0Y SADCN ea nA0hTAYMNOo
w negfAE YMIIA0 ijDMNM0C YAE UMNCMD0 10YLAo
nM0hAT
nzMdM0RM NMCCTMgM0C L0CDeYRIMY fE IegSA0E IATTMY jMDgA0M0C NMCCTMgM0C
n1gSAICMY e0 COM TLaM ea pAgL0YADN eD zAyAN
n1gSAICMY e0 COM TLaM jAOADLAN L0 zAygAOAT BLTTN iSDMNM0C YAE POADuA0Yo
n1gSAICMY e0 COM TLaM vA0COATN L0 zAygAOAT BLTTN
negfAE bMIIA0
nzMdM0RM NMCCTMgM0C IATTMY zEeCUADL NMCCTMgM0C
n1gSAICMY e0 COM TLaM ea DEeCN ea negfAE bMIIA0
Bengal and the Zamindars
IZeTe0LAT DRTM UAN aLDNC MNCAfTLNOMY L0 nM0hAT7
I10 m3qff t0hTLNO tANC 10YLA ZegSA0E AIFRLDMN bLUA0L ea nM0hATizLhOC Ce IeTTMIC DMdM0RMo
IzAyA 8gMA0N uL0h fRC 0eU TeNC SeUMD fRC COME UMDM fLh TA0Y eU0MDN7
IpAgL0YDN 8jeUMDaRT TA0Y eU0MDN ea DRDAT 10YLA
IHAgL0YADL8:A0Y ea pAgL0YADN
IlATRFYAD 8TLCMDATTE gMA0N ,e0M UOe OeTYN A CATRF. eD Ie00MICLe07 lATRF IAgM Ce DMaMD
Ce A CMDDLCeDLAT R0LC rCOME ATNe OAY Ie0CDeTT edMD TA0YeU0MD
IzEeC 8 DALEACsgMA0N SMANA0CN
IPeCMYAD 8zLIO A0Y SeUMDaRT DEeCDownloadedPfromPTechoeduqcom

2. Permanent Settlement
1In 1793 Charles Cornwallis (1738-1805)(Governor General of Bengal) introduced
Permanent Settlement in Bengal
1Permanent Settlement was a revenue settlement made with the rajas and taluqdars of
Bengal.
1They were now classified as zamindars, and they had to pay the revenue demand that was
fixed in perpetuity.
1In terms of this definition, the zamindar was not a landowner in the village, but a revenue
Collector of the state.
1The East India Company had fixed the revenue that each zamindar had to pay.
1Zamindars had several (sometimes as many as 400) villages under them.
1In Company calculations the villages within one zamindari formed one revenue
estate.
1 The Company fixed the total demand over the entire estate whose revenue the zamindar
contracted to pay.
1The zamindar collected rent from the different villages, paid the revenue to the Company,
and retained the difference as his income
1The estates(Zamindaris) of those who failed to pay were to be auctioned to recover the
revenue
1Over 75 per cent of the zamindaris changed hands after the Permanent SettlementDownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

3. An auction in Burdwan
1In 1797 there was an auction in Burdwan (present-day Bardhaman West Bengal).
1Auction of confiscated land of the Raja of Burdwan by English East India Company
1Raja of Bardwan failed to pay revenue as per permanent settlement
1A number of mahals (estates) held by the Raja of Burdwan were being sold as per the
Permanent Settlement
1Numerous purchasers came to the auction and the estates were sold to the highest bidder.
1But the Collector soon discovered a strange twist to the tale.
1Many of the purchasers turned out to be servants and agents of the raja who had bought the
lands on behalf of their master.
1 Over 95 per cent of the sale at the auction was fictitious.
1The raja’s estates had been publicly sold, but he remained in control of his zamindari.
How this Fictitious sale works?
1 Fictitious sale was one strategy of zamindars resistance.
1 The Raja of Burdwan, first transferred some of his zamindari to his mother, since the Company had decreed that the property of women would not be taken over.

1 Then, as a second move, his agents manipulated the auctions.
1 The revenue demand of the Company was deliberately withheld, and unpaid balances
were allowed to accumulate.
1 When a part of the estate was auctioned, the zamindar’s men bought the property,
outbidding other purchasers.
1 Subsequently they refused to pay up the purchase money, so that the estate had to be
resold.DownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

4. 1 c0IM AhAL0 LC UAN feRhOC fE COM HAgL0YADAN AhM0CNs e0IM AhAL0 COM SRDIOANM ge0ME UAN
0eC SALYs A0Y e0IM AhAL0 COMDM UAN A0 ARICLe07
1 lOLN SDeIMNN UAN DMSMACMY M0YTMNNTEs MxOARNCL0h COM NCACMs A0Y COM eCOMD fLYYMDN AC COM
ARICLe07
1 >C TANC COM MNCACM UAN NeTY AC A TeU SDLIM fAIu Ce COM HAgL0YAD7
1 lOM HAgL0YAD 0MdMD SALY COM aRTT DMdM0RM YMgA0YD COM ZegSA0E DADMTE DMIedMDMY COM
R0SALY fATA0IMN COAC OAY SLTMY RS7
lOM SDefTMg ea R0SALY DMdM0RM
=OE OAY COM DAyA aALTMY Ce SAE COM DMdM0RMC
=OE HAgL0YADN YMaARTCMY e0 SAEgM0CN
1BLDNC8 COM L0LCLAT YMgA0YN iDACM ea DMdM0RMo UMDM dMDE OLhO7i lOM ZegSA0E SMhhMY COM
DMdM0RM YMgA0Y OLhOs ADhRL0h COAC COM fRDYM0 e0 HAgL0YADN UeRTY hDAYRATTE YMITL0M AN AhDLIRTCRDAT SDeYRICLe0 MxSA0YMY A0Y SDLIMN DeNM7
1
vMIe0Y8 lOLN OLhO YMgA0Y UAN LgSeNMY L0 COM m3k(Ns A CLgM UOM0 COM SDLIMN ea
AhDLIRTCRDAT SDeYRIM UMDM YMSDMNNMYsi DMIRDDM0C aAgL0MN A0Y YMITL0L0h AhDLIRTCRDAT eRCSRCo gAuL0h LC YLaaLIRTC aeD COM DEeCN Ce SAE COMLD YRMN Ce COM HAgL0YAD7 COM HAgL0YAD IeRTY 0eC IeTTMIC COM DM0Cs COM IeRTY 0eC SAE COM ZegSA0E
lOLDY8 COM DMdM0RM UAN L0dADLAfTMs DMhADYTMNN ea COM OADdMNCs A0Y OAY Ce fM SALY SR0ICRATTE7
>IIeDYL0h Ce COM vR0NMC :AUs La SAEgM0C YLY 0eC IegM L0 fE NR0NMC ea COM NSMILaLMY YACMs COM HAgL0YADL UAN TLAfTM Ce fM ARICLe0MY7
BeRDCO8 lOM jMDgA0M0C vMCCTMgM0C L0LCLATTE TLgLCMY COM SeUMD ea COM HAgL0YAD Ce IeTTMIC
DM0C aDeg COM DEeC A0Y gA0AhM OLN HAgL0YADL7
:LgLCMY SeUMD ea pAgL0YADN
molOM HAgL0YADNA CDeeSN UMDM YLNfA0YMY
woZRNCegN YRCLMN AfeTLNOMYs
flolOMLD ,IRCIOMDLMN. iIeRDCNo fDeRhOC R0YMD COM NRSMDdLNLe0 ea A ZeTTMICeD
<opAgL0YADN TeNC COMLD SeUMD Ce eDhA0LNM TeIAT yRNCLIM A0Y COM TeIAT SeTLIM7
ffolOM IeTTMICeDACM MgMDhMY AN A0 ATCMD0ACLdM IM0CDM ea ARCOeDLCE
qo>C COM CLgM ea DM0C IeTTMICLe0s A0 eaaLIMD ea COM HAgL0YADs RNRATTE COM AgTAOs IAgM
ADeR0Y Ce COM dLTTAhM7 DownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

5. 3o zLIO DEeCN A0Y dLTTAhM OMAYgM0 E yeCMYADN A0Y gA0YATN E UMDM e0TE Cee OASSE Ce NMM
COM HAgL0YAD L0 CDeRfTM7
-o pAgL0YADN IeRTY SDeNMIRCM YMaARTCMDNs COM yRYLILAT SDeIMNN UAN Te0h YDAU07
The rise of the jotedars
IJotedars were rich peasants.(In some places they were called haoladars, elsewhere theywere known as gantidars or mandals)
IIn Francis Buchanan’s survey of the Dinajpur district in North Bengal described jotedars.
IBy the early 19
th
century, jotedars had acquired vast areas of land
IThey controlled local trade , money lending, exercised power over the poorer cultivators
IA large part of their land was cultivated through sharecroppers (adhiyars or bargadars) who
brought their own ploughs, laboured in the field, and handed over half the produce to the
jotedars after the harvest.
I Unlike zamindars who often lived in urban areas, jotedars were located in the villages and
exercised direct control over a considerable section of poor villagers.

IThey fiercely resisted efforts by zamindars to increase the jama of the village, prevented
zamindari officials from executing their duties, mobilised ryots who were dependent on
them, and deliberately delayed payments of revenue to the zamindar.
I In fact, when the estates ofthe zamindars were auctioned for failure to make revenue
payment,jotedars were often amongst the purchasers.DownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

6. The zamindars resist
Resistance of zamindars aganist permanent settlement
Two strategies of Zamindars
imoBLICLCLeRN NATM8rUAN e0M NCDACMhE ea HAgL0YADN DMNLNCA0IM7 ivMM MxAgSTM ea zAyA ea
nADYUA0o nMCUMM0 m3kfl A0Y m-(m aeRD fLh HAgL0YADLN ea nM0hATs L0ITRYL0h nRDYUA0s
gAYM fM0AgL SRDIOANMN COAC IeTTMICLdMTE ELMTYMY AN gRIO AN zN fl( TAuO7
ca COM CeCAT NATMN AC COM ARICLe0Ns edMD mff SMD IM0C UMDM aLICLCLeRN7
iwo
>CCAIuL0h eRCNLYMDN 8r=OM0 SMeSTM aDeg eRCNLYM COM HAgL0YADL feRhOC A0 MNCACM AC A0
ARICLe0s COME IeRTY 0eC ATUAEN CAuM SeNNMNNLe07 >C CLgMN COMLD AhM0CN UeRTY fM ACCAIuMY fE TACOEATN ea COM aeDgMD HAgL0YAD7 vegMCLgMN MdM0 COM DEeCN DMNLNCMY COM M0CDE ea eRCNLYMDN7
InE COM fMhL00L0h ea COM mkCO IM0CRDE COM YMSDMNNLe0 L0 SDLIMN UAN edMD7 COM HAgL0YADAN SeUMD edMD COM dLTTAhMN UAN NCDM0hCOM0MY7
I1C UAN e0TE YRDL0h COM )DMAC bMSDMNNLe0 ea COM mkfl(N COAC COME aL0ATTE IeTTASNMY A0Y COM
yeCMYADN Ie0NeTLYACMY COMLD SeUMD L0 COM IeR0CDENLYM
I
nM0AgLs TLCMDATTE A0e0EgeRNs LN A CMDg RNMY L0 BL0YL A0Y NMdMDAT eCOMD 10YLA0 TA0hRAhMN
aeD CDA0NAICLe0N gAYM L0 COM 0AgM ea A aLICLCLeRN eD DMTACLdMTE L0NLh0LaLIA0C SMDNe0s UOMDMAN
COM DMAT fM0MaLILADE DMgAL0N R00AgMY
I:ACOEATs TLCMDATTE e0M UOe ULMTYN COM TACOL eD NCLIus aR0ICLe0MY AN A NCDe0hgA0 ea COM
HAgL0YADDownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

7. @e0eSeTE ea ea t0hTLNO tANC 10YLA ZegSA0E eSSeNMY fE gA0E hDeRSN L0
nDLCAL0
0e)B)Z)Tj )b yyct (B cBv(f )So- E-fvo 2f, )ZZ),ov Dj )Ego- E-fvo-, (Bvk,E-(fT(,E,
fBv 1fBj Z)T(E(OfT m-)kZ, (B H-(Ef(B
0t)1ZfBj 1(,-kTo fBv 1fTfv1(B(,E-fE()B 2f, g)ETj voDfEov (B H-(Ef(B
0lgoj vo1fBvov -oS)OfE()B )b -)jfT Ogf-Eo- fBv O)BE-)TT )b yyct
0cB I..7 uomkTfE(Bm aOE Zf,,ov Dj Ego H-(E(,g Jf-T(f1oBE E) -omkTfEo Ego fOE(S(E(o,
)b Ego yf,E cBv(f t)1ZfBj
0 H-(E(,g m)So-B1oBE fZZ)(BEov O)11(EEoo, E) oB6k(-o (BE) Ego f5f(-, )b Ego
t)1ZfBj
0cE b)-Oov Ego t)1ZfBj E) Z-)vkOo -omkTf- -oZ)-E, )B Ego fv1(B(,E-fE()B )b cBv(f
0lgo q(bEg uoZ)-E 2f, )Bo ,kOg -oZ)-E Z-)vkOov Dj f poToOE t)11(EEoo
lgo q(bEg uoZ)-E I:I7
1lOM aLaCO DMSeDC LN A DMSeDC COAC UAN NRfgLCCMY Ce COM nDLCLNO jADTLAgM0C L0 m-mfl fE tt1Z7
11C UAN COM aLaCO ea A NMDLMN ea DMSeDCN e0 COM AYgL0LNCDACLe0 A0Y AICLdLCLMN ea COM tANC 10YLA
ZegSA0E L0 10YLA7
11C DA0 L0Ce m((w SAhMNs ea UOLIO edMD -(( SAhMN UMDM ASSM0YLIMN COAC DMSDeYRIMY SMCLCLe0N
ea HAgL0YADN A0Y DEeCNs DMSeDCN ea IeTTMICeDN aDeg YLaaMDM0C YLNCDLICNs NCACLNCLIAT CAfTMN e0
DMdM0RM DMCRD0Ns A0Y 0eCMN e0 COM DMdM0RM A0Y yRYLILAT AYgL0LNCDACLe0 ea nM0hAT A0Y
@AYDAN iSDMNM0CrYAE lAgLT ?AYRo UDLCCM0 fE eaaLILATN7
1lOM MdLYM0IM Ie0CAL0MY L0 COM BLaCO zMSeDC AN A NeRDIM ea OLNCeDE LN L0dATRAfTM7
1zMNMADIOMDN OAdM IADMaRTTE MxAgL0MY COM ADIOLdMN ea dADLeRN nM0hAT HAgL0YADN A0Y COM
TeIAT DMIeDYN ea COM YLNCDLICN Ce UDLCM AfeRC COM OLNCeDE ea IeTe0LAT DRTM L0 DRDAT nM0hAT7 DownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

8. The Hoe and the Plough
BeM ileeT ea jAOADLAN NEgfeTLNL0h NOLaCL0h IRTCLdACLe0 o
> OeM LN A0 A0ILM0C OA0Y CeeT RNMY Ce NOASM NeLTs DMgedM
UMMYNs ITMAD NeLTs A0Y OADdMNC DeeC IDeS
jTeRhO iCeeT ea vA0COATN NEgfeTLNL0h NMCCTMY IRTCLdACLe0o
> STeRhO LN A aADg CeeT aeD TeeNM0L0h eD CRD0L0h COM NeLT
fMaeDM NeUL0h NMMY eD STA0CL0h
Francis Buchanan
IBDA0ILN nRIOA0A0 UAN A SOENLILA0
IBM IAgM Ce 10YLA A0Y NMDdMY L0 COM nM0hAT @MYLIAT vMDdLIM iaDeg m3k< Ce m-mffo7
IBM UAN NRDhMe0 Ce COM )edMD0eDr)M0MDAT ea 10YLAs :eDY =MTTMNTME7
IbRDL0h OLN NCAE L0 ZATIRCCA iSDMNM0CrYAE GeTuACAos OM eDhA0LNMY A Hee COAC fMIAgM COM ZATIRCCA >TLSeDM pee
IBM UAN ATNe L0 IOADhM ea COM neCA0LIAT )ADYM0N aeD A NOeDC SMDLeY7
Ic0 COM DMFRMNC ea COM )edMD0gM0C ea nM0hATs OM R0YMDCeeu YMCALTMY NRDdMEN ea COM ADMAN
R0YMD COM yRDLNYLICLe0 ea COM nDLCLNO tANC 10YLA ZegSA0E7

I10 m-mff OM aMTT LTT A0Y DMCRD0MY Ce t0hTA0Y7
IFSe0 OLN geCOMDAN YMACOs OM L0OMDLCMY OMD SDeSMDCE A0Y ANNRgMY OMD aAgLTE 0AgM
BAgLTCe07
Ive OM LN eaCM0 IATTMY nRIOA0A0rBAgLTCe07DownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

9. lOM AIIeR0CN ea nRIOA0A0
1BM UAN A0 MgSTeEMM ea COM nDLCLNO tANC 10YLA ZegSA0E7
1BLN yeRD0MEN UMDM 0eC NLgSTE L0NSLDMY fE COM TedM ea TA0YNIASM A0Y COM YMNLDM Ce YLNIedMD
COM R0u0eU07

1BM gADIOMY MdMDEUOMDM ULCO A TADhM ADgE ea SMeSTM E YDARhOCNgM0s NRDdMEeDNs SATA0FRL0
fMADMDNs IeeTLMN7
1lOM IeNCN ea COM CDAdMTN UMDM feD0M fE COM tANC 10YLA ZegSA0E NL0IM LC 0MMYMY COM
L0aeDgACLe0 COAC nRIOA0A0 UAN MxSMICMY Ce IeTTMIC7
1nDLCLNO TeeuMY aeD 0ACRDAT DMNeRDIMN LC IeRTY Ie0CDeT A0Y MxSTeLC7

11C NRDdMEMY TA0YNIASMN A0Y DMdM0RM NeRDIMNs eDhA0LNMY deEAhMN ea YLNIedMDEs A0Y NM0C LCN
hMeTehLNCN A0Y hMehDASOMDNs LCN feCA0LNCN A0Y gMYLIAT gM0 Ce IeTTMIC L0aeDgACLe07

1nRIOA0A0s R0YeRfCMYTE A0 MxCDAeDYL0ADE efNMDdMD
1tdMDEUOMDM nRIOA0A0 UM0Cs OM efNMNNLdMTE efNMDdMY COM NCe0MN A0Y DeIuN A0Y COM
YLaaMDM0C NCDACA A0Y TAEMDN ea NeLT7
1 BM NMADIOMY aeD gL0MDATN A0Y NCe0MN COAC UMDM IeggMDILATTE dATRAfTMs OM DMIeDYMY ATT
NLh0N ea LDe0 eDM A0Y gLIAs hDA0LCM A0Y NATCSMCDM7

1BM IADMaRTTE efNMDdMY TeIAT SDAICLIMN ea NATCrgAuL0h A0Y LDe0r eDMrgL0L0h7
1=OM0 nRIOA0A0 UDeCM AfeRC A TA0YNIASMs OM geNC eaCM0 YMNIDLfMY 0eC yRNC UOAC OM NAUs
UOAC COM TA0YNIASM UAN TLuMs fRC ATNe OeU LC IeRTY fM CDA0NaeDgMY A0Y gAYM geDM
SDeYRICLdM E UOAC IDeSN IeRTY fM IRTCLdACMYs UOLIO CDMMN IRC YeU0s A0Y UOLIO e0MN hDeU07

1>0Y UM gRNC DMgMgfMD COAC OLN dLNLe0 A0Y OLN SDLeDLCLMN UMDM YLaaMDM0C aDeg COeNM ea COM
TeIAT L0OAfLCA0CN
1BLN ANNMNNgM0C ea UOAC UAN 0MIMNNADE UAN NOASMY fE COM IeggMDILAT Ie0IMD0N ea COM
ZegSA0E A0Y geYMD0 =MNCMD0 0eCLe0N ea UOAC Ie0NCLCRCMY SDehDMNN7
1BM UAN L0MdLCAfTE IDLCLIAT ea COM TLaMNCETMN ea aeDMNC YUMTTMDN A0Y aMTC COAC aeDMNCN OAY Ce fM
CRD0MY L0Ce AhDLIRTCRDAT TA0YN7DownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

10. Buchanan and hills of Rajmahal
1In the early nineteenth century, Buchanan travelled through the Rajmahal hills.
(in present day Jharkand)
1From his description the hills impenetrable, a zone where few travellers ventured, an area
that signified danger.
1Wherever he went, people were hostile, apprehensive of officials and unwilling to talk to
them.
1In many instances they deserted their villages and absconded.
1Buchanan’s journal gives us tantalising glimpses of these hill folk in the early nineteenth
century.
1His journal was written as a diary of places he visited, people he encountered, and
practices he saw.
Jfgf-(f, (B ufP1fgfT g(TT,
1 Paharias lived around the Rajmahal hills, subsisting on forest produce and practising
shifting cultivation.
1They cleared patches of forest by cutting bushes and burning the undergrowth.

1On these patches, enriched by the potash from the ash, the Paharias grew a variety of
pulses and millets for consumption.
1They scratched the ground lightly with hoes, cultivated the cleared land for a few years,
then left it fallow so that it could recover its fertility, and moved to a new area.
1From the forests they collected mahua (a flower) for food, silk cocoons and resin for sale,
and wood for charcoal production.
1The life of the Paharias – as hunters, shifting cultivators, food gatherers, charcoal
producers, silkworm rearers – was thus intimately connected to the forest.
1They lived in huts within tamarind groves, and rested in the shade of mango trees.
1They considered the entire region as their landDownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

11. 1lOMLD IOLMaN gAL0CAL0MY COM R0LCE ea COM hDeRSs NMCCTMY YLNSRCMNs A0Y TMY COM CDLfM
1=LCO COMLD fANM L0 COM OLTTNs COM jAOADLAN DMhRTADTE DALYMY COM STAL0N UOMDM NMCCTMY
AhDLIRTCRDLNCN TLdMY7
1lOMNM DALYN UMDM 0MIMNNADE aeD NRDdLdATs SADCLIRTADTE L0 EMADN ea NIADILCE

1lOM HAgL0YADN e0 COM STAL0N OAY Ce eaCM0 SRDIOANM SMAIM fE SAEL0h A DMhRTAD CDLfRCM Ce COM
OLTT IOLMaN7
1lDAYMDN NLgLTADTE hAdM A NgATT AgeR0C Ce COM OLTT aeTu aeD SMDgLNNLe0 Ce RNM COM SANNMN
Ie0CDeTTMY fE COMg7
1c0IM COM CeTT UAN SALYs COM jAOADLA IOLMaN SDeCMICMY COM CDAYMDNs M0NRDL0h COAC COMLD heeYN
UMDM 0eC STR0YMDMY fE A0Ee0M7
1gSAIC ea IeTe0LATLNg e0 jAOADLAN
110 COM TANC YMIAYMN ea COM m-
CO
IM0CRDE nDLCLNO M0IeRDAhMY NMCCTMY AhDLIRTCRDM L0 zAygAOAT
OLTTN
1lOM nDLCLNO M0IeRDAhMY aeDMNC ITMADA0IMs A0Y HAgL0YADN A0Y yeCMYADN CRD0MY R0IRTCLdACMY
TA0YN L0Ce DLIM aLMTYN7
1le COM nDLCLNOs MxCM0NLe0 ea NMCCTMY AhDLIRTCRDM UAN 0MIMNNADE Ce M0TADhM COM NeRDIMN ea TA0Y
DMdM0RMs SDeYRIM IDeSN aeD MxSeDCs A0Y MNCAfTLNO COM fANLN ea A NMCCTMYs eDYMDMY NeILMCE7
1nDLCLNO NAU aeDMNC SMeSTM AN NAdAhMs R0DRTEs SDLgLCLdMs A0Y YLaaLIRTC Ce hedMD07
Ze0aTLIC fMCUMM0 BeM A0Y STeRhO
1>N NMCCTMY AhDLIRTCRDM MxSA0YMYs COM ADMA R0YMD aeDMNCN A0Y SANCRDMN Ie0CDAICMY7
1lOLN NOADSM0MY COM Ie0aTLIC fMCUMM0 OLTT aeTu A0Y NMCCTMY IRTCLdACeDN7
1lOM jAOADLAN fMhA0 Ce DALY NMCCTMY dLTTAhMN IADDEL0h AUAE aeeY hDAL0N A0Y IACCTM7
110 COM m33(N COM nDLCLNO NCADCMY OR0CL0h COM jAOADLAN YeU0 A0Y uLTTL0h COMg7 DownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

12. 110 m3-(Ns >RhRNCRN ZTMdMTA0Ys COM ZeTTMICeD ea nOAhATSRDs SDeSeNMY A SeTLIE ea
SAILaLIACLe07
1jAOADLA IOLMaN UMDM hLdM0 A0 A00RAT ATTeUA0IM A0Y gAYM DMNSe0NLfTM aeD COM SDeSMD
Ie0YRIC ea COMLD gM07
1@A0E jAOADLA IOLMaN DMaRNMY COM ATTeUA0IMN iCOeNM UOe AIIMSCMYs geNC eaCM0 TeNC ARCOeDLCE
ULCOL0 COM IeggR0LCEo7
1lOM jAOADLAN ULCOYDMU YMMS L0Ce COM geR0CAL0Ns L0NRTACL0h COMgNMTdMN aDeg OeNCLTM aeDIMNs
A0Y IADDEL0h e0 A UAD ULCO eRCNLYMDN7
1ve UOM0 nRIOA0A0 CDAdMTTMY CODeRhO COM DMhLe0 L0 COM UL0CMD ea m-m( rmm COM jAOADLAN
0ACRDATTE dLMUMY OLg ULCO NRNSLILe0 A0Y YLNCDRNC7
1vA0COATN iNMCCTMY IRTCLdACeDNoUMDM SeRDL0h L0Ce COM ADMAs ITMADL0h aeDMNCNs IRCCL0h YeU0
CLgfMDs STeRhOL0h TA0Y A0Y hDeUL0h DLIM A0Y IeCCe07
1>N COM TeUMD OLTTN UMDM CAuM0 edMD fE vA0COAT NMCCTMDNs COM jAOADLAN DMIMYMY YMMSMD L0Ce COM
zAygAOAT OLTTN7
1lOM fACCTM fMCUMM0 COM OeM A0Y COM STeRhO UAN A Te0h e0M7
lgo pfBEgfT,L J()Boo- ,oEETo-,
HkOgfBfB 2-)EoL
pfBEgfT, f-o So-j OToSo- (B OTof-(Bm Bo2 TfBv,“ DkE T(So 1ofBTj”
lgo(- gkE, gfSo B) boBOo“ fBv Ego 2fTT, f-o 1fvo )b ,1fTT ,E(O9, ZTfOov kZ-(mgE“ OT),o E)moEgo- fBv
ZTf,Eo-ov 2(Eg(B 2(Eg OTfj” lgoj f-o ,1fTT fBv ,T)SoBTj“ fBv E)) 3fE8-))bov“ 2(Eg So-j T(EETo f-Og
IvA0COATN UMDM NMCCTMY IRTCLdACeDN 0MAD zAygAOAT OLTTN
1>C COM M0Y ea m-m(s nRIOA0A0 IDeNNMY )A0yRDLA jAOADsL0 zAygAOAT DA0hMNs SANNMY CODeRhO
COM DeIuE IeR0CDE fMEe0Ys A0Y DMAIOMY A dLTTAhM7
1nRIOA0A0 aeR0Y COAC COM aDe0CLMDN ea IRTCLdACLe0 OMDM OAY fMM0 MxCM0YMY fE COM vA0COATN7
1vA0COATN gedMY L0Ce COLN ADMA ADeR0Y m-((s YLNSTAIMY COM jAOADLAN UOe TLdMY e0 COMNM
TeUMD NTeSMNs ITMADMY COM aeDMNCN A0Y NMCCTMY COM TA0Y7DownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

13. BeU YLY COM vA0COATN DMAIO COM zAygAOAT OLTTNC
1lOM vA0COATN OAY fMhR0 Ce IegM L0Ce nM0hAT ADeR0Y COM m3-(N7
1pAgL0YADN OLDMY COMg s A0Y nDLCLNO eaaLILATN L0dLCMY COMg Ce NMCCTM L0 COM PA0hAT @AOATN7
1BAdL0h aALTMY Ce NRfYRM COM jAOADLAN A0Y CDA0NaeDg COMg L0Ce NMCCTMY AhDLIRTCRDLNCNs COM
nDLCLNO CRD0MY Ce COM vA0COATN7
1lOM jAOADLAN DMaRNMY Ce IRC aeDMNCNs DMNLNCMY CeRIOL0h COM STeRhO
1lOM vA0COATNs UMDM LYMAT NMCCTMDNs ITMADL0h aeDMNCN A0Y STeRhOL0h COM TA0Y ULCO dLheRD7
1lOM vA0COATN UMDM hLdM0 TA0Y A0Y SMDNRAYMY Ce NMCCTM L0 COM aeeCOLTTN ea zAygAOAT
bAgL0rLrGeO iCOM TA0Y ea COM vA0COATNo
1 nE m-flw A TADhM ADMA ea TA0Y UAN YMgADIACMY AN bAgL0rLrGeO iCOM TA0Y ea COM vA0COATNo
1lOM CMDDLCeDE UAN NRDdMEMY A0Y gASSMY7
1 t0ITeNMY ULCO feR0YADE SLTTADNs LC UAN NMSADACMY aDeg feCO COM UeDTY ea COM NMCCTMY AhDLIRTCRDLNCN ea COM STAL0N A0Y COM jAOADLAN ea COM OLTTN7
1>aCMD COM YMgADIACLe0 ea bAgL0rLrGeOs vA0COAT NMCCTMgM0CN MxSA0YMY DASLYTE7
1 BDeg <( vA0COAT dLTTAhMN L0 COM ADMA L0 m-fl-s AN gA0E AN ms<3fl dLTTAhMN OAY IegM RS fE m-ffm7
1cdMD COM NAgM SMDLeYs COM vA0COAT SeSRTACLe0 L0IDMANMY aDeg A gMDM fls((( Ce edMD -ws(((7
1=OM0 COM vA0COATN NMCCTMY e0 COM SMDLSOMDLMN ea COM zAygAOAT OLTTNs COM jAOADLAN TeNC COMLD TLdMTLOeeY
1BMDCLTM NeLTN fMIAgM L0AIIMNNLfTM Ce jAOADLAN
1nML0h SADC ea COM bAgL0rLrue COM jAOADLAN IeRTY 0eC MaaMICLdMTE NRNCAL0 COMLD geYM ea IRTCLdACLe07
1=OM0 COM aeDMNCN ea COM DMhLe0 UMDM ITMADMY aeD IRTCLdACLe0 COM OR0CMDN Age0hNC COMg ATNe
aAIMY SDefTMgN7DownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

14. vA0COAT zMdeTC im-ffffrffq o
1vA0COAT DMdeTCMY AhAL0NC HAgL0YADNs ge0METM0YMDN A0Y COM IeTe0LAT NCACM L0 m-ffffrffq
1vLYOR @A0yOLs UAN COM TMAYMD ea COM vA0COAT DMfMTTLe0
1ZARNMN ea vA0COAT DMdeTC
m7lOM nDLCLNO hedMD0gM0C UAN TMdEL0h OMAdE CAxMN e0 COM TA0Y COAC COM vA0COATN OAY ITMADMY
w7@e0METM0YMDN iYLuRNo UMDM IOADhL0h COMg OLhO DACMN ea L0CMDMNC A0Y CAuL0h edMD COM TA0Y
UOM0 YMfCN DMgAL0MY R0SALY
fl7pAHAgL0YADN UMDM ANNMDCL0h Ie0CDeT edMD COM bAgL0rLrue ADMA7
1zMNRTCN ea vA0COAT DMdeTC
m7lOM DMfMTTLe0 UAN IDRNOMYs COM DMhLe0 UAN NMADIOMYs NRNSMICN UMDM SLIuMY RSs A0YdLTTAhMN NMC e0 aLDM7
w71gAhMN ea COM fRD0L0h dLTTAhMN UMDM NOeU0 Ce COM SRfTLI L0 t0hTA0Y
fl7c0IM AhAL0 AN A YMge0NCDACLe0 ea COM gLhOC ea COM nDLCLNO A0Y COMLD AfLTLCE Ce IDRNODMfMTTLe0 A0Y LgSeNM IeTe0LAT eDYMD7
<7lOM DMfMTTLe0 IOA0hMY COM nDLCLNO SMDIMSCLe0 ea COM vA0COATN
ff71C UAN AaCMD COM vA0COAT zMdeTC im-ffffrffq o COAC COM vA0COAT jADhA0A UAN IDMACMYs IADdL0h eRCffsff(( NFRADM gLTMN aDeg COM YLNCDLICN ea nOAhATSRD A0Y nLDfORg7
q7lOM IeTe0LAT NCACM OeSMY COAC fE IDMACL0h A 0MU CMDDLCeDE aeD COM vA0COATN A0Y LgSeNL0h NegM NSMILAT TAUN ULCOL0 LCs COM vA0COATN IeRTY fM Ie0ILTLACMYDownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

15. The Bombay Deccan
The Deccan countryside and about agrarian changes under colonial rule
A Revolt in the Countryside
1How Colonialism affected in the countryside in the Bombay Deccan.
1One way of exploring such changes is by focusing on a peasant revolt.
1Through the nineteenth century, peasants in various parts of India rose in revolt against
moneylenders and grain dealers.
1One such revolt occurred in 1875 in the Deccan.
The Deccan Revolt 1875
Account books are burnt
1The peasant revolt began at Supa, a large village in Poona (present-day Pune) district.
1 It was a market centre where many shopkeepers and moneylenders lived.
1On 12 May1875, ryots attacked the shopkeepers, demanding their bahi khatas (account
books) and debt bonds.
1 They burnt the khatas, looted grain shops, and in some cases set fire to the houses of
sahukars.
1From Poona the revolt spread to Ahmednagar.DownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

16. 1lOM0 edMD COM 0MxC CUe ge0CON LC NSDMAY MdM0 aRDCOMDs edMD A0 ADMA ea qsff(( NFRADM ug7

1@eDM COA0 COLDCE dLTTAhMN UMDM AaaMICMY7
1tdMDEUOMDM COM SACCMD0 UAN COM NAgM8 NAORuADN UMDM ACCAIuMYs AIIeR0C feeuN fRD0C A0Y
YMfC fe0YN YMNCDeEMY7 i> NAORuAD UAN NegMe0M UOe AICMY AN feCO A ge0METM0YMD A0Y A
CDAYMDo
1lMDDLaLMY ea SMANA0C ACCAIuNs COM NAORuADN aTMY COM dLTTAhMNs dMDE eaCM0 TMAdL0h COMLD SDeSMDCE
A0Y fMTe0hL0hN fMOL0Y7
1lDeeSN UMDM FRLIuTE IATTMY L0D kffmSMeSTM UMDM ADDMNCMYs A0Y gA0E Ie0dLICMY7
1 nRC LC Ceeu NMdMDAT ge0CON Ce fDL0h COM IeR0CDENLYM R0YMD Ie0CDeT7
=OE COM fRD0L0h ea fe0YN A0Y YMMYNC
=OE COLN DMdeTCC
a Bo2 -oSoBko ,j,Eo1 8uj)E2f-,oEETo1oBE (B H)1Dfj roOOfB
=OE 0eC lOM jMDgA0M0C vMCCTMgM0C UAN MxCM0YMY Ce negfAE bMIIA0
moc0M DMANe0 UAN COAC AaCMD m-m(s AhDLIRTCRDAT SDLIMN DeNM7vL0IM COM DMdM0RM YMgA0Y UAN
aLxMY R0YMD COM jMDgA0M0C vMCCTMgM0Cs COM IeTe0LAT NCACM IeRTY 0eC ITALg A0E NOADM ea COLN
M0OA0IMY L0IegM7

wonE COM m-w(Ns COM MIe0egLNC bAdLY zLIADYe UAN A IMTMfDACMY aLhRDM L0 t0hTA0Y7 ZeTe0LAT
eaaLILATN OAY TMAD0C zLIADYLA0 LYMAN7 >IIeDYL0h Ce zLIADYLA0 LYMANs A TA0YeU0MD NOeRTY OAdM
A ITALg e0TE Ce COM ,AdMDAhM DM0C. COAC SDMdALTMY AC A hLdM0 CLgM7 =OM0 COM TA0Y ELMTYMY
geDM COA0 COLN ,AdMDAhM DM0C.s COM TA0YeU0MD OAY A NRDSTRN COAC COM NCACM 0MMYMY Ce CAx7 1a
CAx UAN 0eC TMdLMYs IRTCLdACeDN UMDM TLuMTE Ce CRD0 L0Ce DM0CLMDNs A0Y COMLD NRDSTRN L0IegM
UAN R0TLuMTE Ce fM SDeYRICLdMTE L0dMNCMY L0 COM LgSDedMgM0C ea COM TA0Y7
zM0CLMD LN A CMDg RNMY Ce YMNLh0ACM SMeSTM UOe TLdM e0 DM0CAT L0IegM aDeg SDeSMDCEDownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

17. lOM zEeCUADL NMCCTMgM0C
1lOM DMdM0RM NENCMg COAC UAN L0CDeYRIMY L0 COM negfAE bMIIA0 IAgM Ce fM u0eU0 AN COM
DEeCUADL NMCCTMgM0C7
1F0TLuM COM nM0hAT NENCMgs COM DMdM0RM UAN YLDMICTE NMCCTMY ULCO COM DEeC7

1lOM AdMDAhM L0IegM aDeg YLaaMDM0C CESMN ea NeLT UAN MNCLgACMYs COM DMdM0RMrSAEL0h
IASAILCE ea COM DEeC UAN ANNMNNMY A0Y A SDeSeDCLe0 ea LC aLxMY AN COM NOADM ea COM NCACM7
1lOM TA0YN UMDM DMNRDdMEMY MdMDE fl( EMADN A0Y COM DMdM0RM DACMN L0IDMANMY7
1lOMDMaeDM COM DMdM0RM YMgA0Y UAN 0e Te0hMD SMDgA0M0C7
zMdM0RM YMgA0Y A0Y SMANA0C YMfC R0YMD DEeCUADL NMCCTMgM0C
1 lOM DMdM0RM COAC UAN YMgA0YMY UAN OLhO
1=OM0 DAL0N aALTMY A0Y OADdMNCN UMDM SeeDs SMANA0CN aeR0Y LC LgSeNNLfTM Ce SAE COM DMdM0RM7
1=OM0 NegMe0M aALTMY Ce SAEs OLN IDeSN UMDM NMLHMY A0Y A aL0M UAN LgSeNMY e0 COM UOeTM
dLTTAhM7
1 jDLIMN ea AhDLIRTCRDAT SDeYRICN aMTT NOADSTE AaCMD m-flw A0Y YLY 0eC DMIedMD aeD edMD A YMIAYM
A0Y A OATa7
1lOM IeR0CDENLYM UAN YMdANCACMY fE A aAgL0M COAC NCDRIu L0 COM EMADN m-flwrfl<7
1c0Mr COLDY ea COM IACCTM ea COM bMIIA0 UMDM uLTTMYs A0Y OATa COM ORgA0 SeSRTACLe0 YLMY7

1ZRTCLdACeDN feDDeUMY7 nRC e0IM A TeA0 UAN CAuM0s COM DEeC aeR0Y LC YLaaLIRTC Ce SAE LC fAIu7

1>N YMfC geR0CMYs A0Y TeA0N DMgAL0MY R0SALYs SMANA0CNA YMSM0YM0IM e0 ge0METM0YMDN
L0IDMANMY7
1lOME 0eU 0MMYMY TeA0N MdM0 Ce fRE COMLD MdMDEYAE 0MMYN A0Y gMMC COMLD S D e Y R I C L e 0
MxSM0YLCRDM7
1@A0E nDLCLNO eaaLILATN OAY fMhR0 Ce DMATLNM COAC COM NMCCTMgM0CN ea COM m-w(N OAY fMM0
OADNO7 DownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

18. 1ve COM DMdM0RM YMgA0Y UAN geYMDACMY Ce M0IeRDAhM SMANA0CN Ce MxSA0Y IRTCLdACLe07
1>aCMD m-<ff AhDLIRTCRDAT SDLIMN DMIedMDMY NCMAYLTE7

1ZRTCLdACeDN UMDM 0eU MxCM0YL0h COMLD AIDMAhMs gedL0h L0Ce 0MU ADMANs A0Y CDA0NaeDgL0h
SANCRDMTA0Y L0Ce IRTCLdACMY aLMTYN7

1nRC Ce MxSA0Y IRTCLdACLe0 SMANA0CN 0MMYMY geDM STeRhON A0Y IACCTM7
1lOME 0MMYMY ge0ME Ce fRE NMMYN A0Y TA0Y7
1BeD ATT COLN COME OAY Ce CRD0 e0IM AhAL0 Ce ge0METM0YMDN aeD TeA0N7
1lOLN ACgeNSOMDM TMY Ce SMANA0C DMdeTC ea m-3ff A0Y fRD0L0h ea AIIeR0C feeuN
lgoB Of1o Ego O)EE)B D))1
0O)EE)B D))1 (B H)1Dfj roOOfBG
I10 m-ff3 COM ZeCCe0 vRSSTE >NNeILACLe0 UAN aeR0YMY L0 nDLCAL0

110 m-ffk COM @A0IOMNCMD ZeCCe0 ZegSA0E UAN aeDgMY7
1lOMLD efyMICLdM UAN ,Ce M0IeRDAhM IeCCe0 SDeYRICLe0 L0 MdMDE SADC ea COM UeDTYNRLCMY aeD LCN
hDeUCO.7
1=OM0 COM >gMDLIA0 ZLdLT =AD fDeuM eRC L0 m-qms A UAdM ea SA0LI NSDMAY CODeRhO IeCCe0
ILDITMN L0 nDLCAL07

1zAU IeCCe0 LgSeDCN aDeg >gMDLIA aMTT Ce TMNN COA0 CODMM SMD IM0C ea COM 0eDgAT
1BDA0CLI gMNNAhMN UMDM NM0C Ce 10YLA A0Y MTNMUOMDM Ce L0IDMANM IeCCe0 MxSeDCN Ce nDLCAL07

110 negfAEs IeCCe0 gMDIOA0CN dLNLCMY COM IeCCe0 YLNCDLICN Ce ANNMNN NRSSTLMN A0Y M0IeRDAhM
IRTCLdACLe07
1>N IeCCe0 SDLIMN NeADMY MxSeDC gMDIOA0CN L0 negfAE UMDM uMM0 Ce NMIRDM AN gRIO IeCCe0
AN SeNNLfTM Ce gMMC COM nDLCLNO YMgA0Y7
1ve COME hAdM AYdA0IMN Ce RDfA0 NAORuADN UOe L0 CRD0 MxCM0YMY IDMYLC Ce COeNM DRDAT
ge0METM0YMDN UOe SDegLNMY Ce NMIRDM COM SDeYRIM7
1=OM0 COMDM LN A feeg L0 COM gADuMC IDMYLC aTeUN MANLTEs aeD COeNM UOe hLdM eRC TeA0N aMMT
NMIRDM AfeRC DMIedMDL0h COMLD ge0ME7DownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

19. 1lOM DEeCN L0 COM bMIIA0 dLTTAhMN NRYYM0TE aeR0Y AIIMNN Ce NMMgL0hTE TLgLCTMNN IDMYLC7
1lOME UMDM fML0h hLdM0 zN m(( AN AYdA0IM aeD MdMDE AIDM COME STA0CMY ULCO IeCCe07
1=OLTM COM >gMDLIA0 IDLNLN Ie0CL0RMYs IeCCe0 SDeYRICLe0 L0 COM negfAE bMIIA0 MxSA0YMY7
1nE m-qw edMD k( SMD IM0C ea IeCCe0 LgSeDCN L0Ce nDLCAL0 UMDM IegL0h aDeg 10YLA7
ZDMYLC YDLMN RS
1 nE m-qff AN COM ZLdLT =AD M0YMYs IeCCe0 SDeYRICLe0 L0 >gMDLIA DMdLdMY A0Y 10YLA0 IeCCe0
MxSeDCN Ce nDLCAL0 NCMAYLTE YMITL0MY7
1txSeDC gMDIOA0CN A0Y NAORuADN L0 @AOADANOCDA UMDM 0e Te0hMD uMM0 e0 MxCM0YL0h Te0hr
CMDg IDMYLC7
1=OLTM IDMYLC YDLMY RSs COM DMdM0RM YMgA0Y L0IDMANMY aDeg ff( Ce m(( SMD IM0C7

1jMANA0CN AhAL0 COME OAY Ce CRD0 Ce COM ge0METM0YMD7
1nRC COM ge0METM0YMD 0eU DMaRNMY TeA0N7
1BM 0e Te0hMD OAY Ie0aLYM0IM L0 COM DEeCNA IASAILCE Ce DMSAE
lgo oxZo-(oBOo )b (BPk,E(Oo
IlOM DMaRNAT ea ge0METM0YMDN Ce MxCM0Y TeA0N M0DAhMY COM DEeCN7
1zEeCN MxSMDLM0IMY A0 AIC ea L0yRNCLIM aDeg ge0METM0YMDN
1@e0METM0YMDN UMDM L0NM0NLCLdM Ce COMLD STLhOC ea DEeCN
1lOM ge0METM0YMDN UMDM dLeTACL0h COM IRNCegADE 0eDgN ea COM IeR0CDENLYM7
1c0M hM0MDAT 0eDg UAN COAC COM L0CMDMNC IOADhMY IeRTY 0eC fM geDM COA0 COM SDL0ILSAT7

1F0YMD IeTe0LAT DRTM COLN 0eDg fDeuM YeU07
110 e0M ea COM gA0E IANMN L0dMNCLhACMY fE COM bMIIA0 zLeCN ZeggLNNLe0s COM ge0METM0YMD
OAY IOADhMY edMD zN ws((( AN L0CMDMNC e0 A TeA0 ea zN m((7 DownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

20. 110 SMCLCLe0 AaCMD SMCLCLe0s DEeCN IegSTAL0MY ea COM L0yRNCLIM ea NRIO MxAICLe0N A0Y COM
dLeTACLe0 ea IRNCeg7
1lOM DEeCN IAgM Ce NMM COM ge0METM0YMD AN YMdLeRN A0Y YMIMLCaRT7

110 m-ffk COM nDLCLNO SANNMY A :LgLCACLe0 :AU COAC NCACMY COAC COM TeA0 fe0YN NLh0MY fMCUMM0
ge0METM0YMDN A0Y DEeCN UeRTY OAdM dATLYLCE aeD e0TE CODMM EMADN7
1lOLN TAU UAN gMA0C Ce IOMIu COM AIIRgRTACLe0 ea L0CMDMNC edMD CLgM7
1lOM ge0METM0YMDs OeUMdMDs CRD0MY COM TAU ADeR0Ys aeDIL0h COM DEeC Ce NLh0 A 0MU fe0Y MdMDE CODMM EMADN7
1=OM0 A 0MU fe0Y UAN NLh0MYs COM R0SALY fATA0IM E COAC LNs COM eDLhL0AT TeA0 A0Y COM
AIIRgRTACMY L0CMDMNC E UAN M0CMDMY AN COM SDL0ILSAT e0 UOLIO A 0MU NMC ea L0CMDMNC IOADhMN
UAN IATIRTACMY7
1@e0METM0YMDN DMaRNMY Ce hLdM DMIMLSCN UOM0 TeA0N UMDM DMSALYs M0CMDMY aLICLCLeRN aLhRDMN L0
fe0YNs AIFRLDMY COM SMANA0CNA OADdMNC AC TeU SDLIMNs A0Y RTCLgACMTE Ceeu edMD SMANA0CNA
SDeSMDCE7
1bMMYN A0Y fe0YN ASSMADMY AN NEgfeTN ea COM 0MU eSSDMNNLdM NENCMg7
1
bMMYN ea OLDM 8r=OM0 YMfCN geR0CMY COM SMANA0C UAN R0AfTM Ce SAE fAIu COM TeA0 Ce COM
ge0METM0YMD7 BM OAY 0e eSCLe0 fRC Ce hLdM edMD ATT OLN SeNNMNNLe0N E TA0Ys IADCNs A0Y A0LgATN E Ce COM ge0METM0YMD7 nRC ULCOeRC A0LgATN OM IeRTY 0eC Ie0CL0RM Ce IRTCLdACM7 ve OM Ceeu TA0Y e0 DM0C A0Y A0LgATN e0 OLDM7 BM 0eU OAY Ce SAE aeD COM A0LgATN UOLIO OAY eDLhL0ATTE fMTe0hMY Ce OLg7 BM OAY Ce NLh0 A YMMY ea OLDM NCACL0h dMDE ITMADTE COAC COMNM A0LgATN A0Y IADCN YLY 0eC fMTe0h Ce OLg7 10 IANMN ea Ie0aTLICs COMNM YMMYN IeRTY fM M0aeDIMYCODeRhO COM IeRDC
lgo roOOfB u()E, t)11(,,()B I:.:
IlOM )edMD0gM0C ea 10YLAs UeDDLMY fE COM gMgeDE ea m-ff3s SDMNNRDLNMY COM )edMD0gM0C ea negfAE Ce NMC RS A IeggLNNLe0 ea M0FRLDE Ce L0dMNCLhACM L0Ce COM IARNMN ea COM DLeCN7
1lOM IeggLNNLe0 SDeYRIMY A DMSeDC COAC UAN SDMNM0CMY Ce COM nDLCLNO jADTLAgM0C L0 m-3-7
1lOLN DMSeDCs DMaMDDMY Ce AN COM bMIIA0 zLeCN zMSeDCs SDedLYMN OLNCeDLA0N ULCO A DA0hM ea NeRDIMN aeD COM NCRYE ea COM DLeC7
1lOM IeggLNNLe0 OMTY M0FRLDLMN L0 COM YLNCDLICN UOMDM COM DLeCN NSDMAYs DMIeDYMY NCACMgM0CN
ea DEeCNs NAORuADN A0Y MEMULC0MNNMNs IegSLTMY NCACLNCLIAT YACA e0 DMdM0RM DACMNs SDLIMN A0Y
L0CMDMNC DACMN L0 YLaaMDM0C DMhLe0Ns A0Y IeTTACMY COM DMSeDCN NM0C fE YLNCDLIC IeTTMICeDNDownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom

21. ve UOE COM fRD0L0h ea fe0YN A0Y YMMYNC
BAICeDN TMY Ce lOM bMIIA0 zMdeTC m-3ff
mo zEeCUADE NMCCTMgM0C
wo BLhO DMdM0RM YMgA0Y
flo jMANA0C YMfC
<o ZeCCe0 feeg A0Y AdALTAfLTLCE ea IDMYLC eD TeA0
ffo ZDMYLC YDLMY RS AN IeCCe0 feeg YLNASSMADMY
qo txSMDLM0IM ea L0yRNCLIM aDeg ge0METM0YMDNDownloadedP fromP Techoeduqcom