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1. Feb 29, 2024 , Adama, Ethiopia Advisor: - Dr. Dinsefa Mensur Co advisor :-Ms. Rahel Abera SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A BIO-PLASTIC FROM CELLULOSE FOR PACKAGING APPLICATION Adama Science and Technology University Department of Material Science And Engineering School of Mechanical, Chemical and Material Engineering Department Material Science and engineering

2. Content 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 Introduction Statement of problem General objective Specific objective Significance of the study Materials and methodology Characterization 08 09 Result and discussion Conclusion 10 Recommendation

3. INTRODUCTION

4. INTRODUCTION

5. INTRODUCTION

6. INTRODUCTION High adhesive and bonding capacity Soluble in water and has no odor Transparency and moldability High tensile strength and flexibility Why Poly vinyl alcohol?

7. INTRODUCTION As a plasticizer nonvoltaile non-txic waret soluble and tasteless couplin agent Why Poly ethylene glycol?

8. Advantage of bioplastic for packaging applications

9. General Objective Synthesis and Characterization of a Bio-plastic from cellulose for Packaging Application Specific Objective The specific objectives of this project are Extract cellulose from the leaves of pineapples and To characterize the synthesized bio-plastic material using different characterization Techniques such as XRD, TGA/DTA, and Optical Microscope.  To test biodegradability of bioplastic material's.

10. Statement of Problem To addresses the environmental and sustainability issues caused by conventional plastic production. Need for strong, environmentally friendly packaging materials. Improve waste management by repurposing agricultural waste and promoting the use of renewable materials. Reduce plastic waste and lower greenhouse gas emissions. Decrease dependency on petroleum-based plastics.

11. Significance of the Study The results of this study would contribute to improve the performance and use of cellulose bioplastics for packaging applications. Reducing environmental pollution by producing biodegradable plastics from renewable sources.

12. Scope of the project This synthesis and experimental study will focus on the production of bioplastic through cellulose extraction from waste pineapple leaves. The primary objective is to identify parameters that yield optimal results, including The collection of pineapple leaves, Cellulose extraction, Bioplastic production, Property testing, Data gathering and analysis, and Drawing conclusions.

13. Limitation of the project scarcity of specific chemicals crucial for the synthesis process. limited availability of essential laboratory equipment. Issues regarding proper waste management and end-of-life scenarios.

14. Materials and Methodology  Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)  Nitric acid  Sodium Chloride (NaCl)  Distilled water  Acetone  Acetic-anhydride MATERIALS Beaker PH meter Stove Oven Stirrer and Magnetic bar Sieve, Mortar and pestle Blender, Pipet Petri dish. Chemicals  Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)  Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)  Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)  Glacial acetic acid  Poly ethylene glycol (PEG)

15. Figure: Cellulose Extraction PCL sun dried PCL oven PCL PCL Powder NaOH treatment washed dried H 2 O 2 treated washed Cellulose

16. Bioplastic Preparation Process Acetylation addition of acetic-anhydride solution wahing and drying cellulose acetate CA-PEG Addition of PVA Bioplastic Figure: acytalation and plastic formation

17. CHARACTERIZATION XRD Analysis TGA/DTA Analysis Biodegradability Optical Microscopy

18. Result and Discussion XRD Analysis PCL, showed diffraction peaks corresponding to the raw PCL , alkaline treated , Bleached PCL and cellulose acetate I crystal structure

19. PCL primary decomposition occurs at 339.08°C with a weight loss of -5.257 mg (73.865%), major endothermic peak at 177.24 µV. cellulose initial minor weight loss of 4.472 mg (90.857%) at around 63.42°C, endothermic peak at 63.42°C and exothermic peaks at 359.02°C and 448.89°C PCL-CA total weight loss of 6.242 mg (86.948%) from the initial sample weight of 7.179 mg. endothermic peak at 65.87°C exothermic peak at 436.81°C final exothermic peak at 607.39°C TGA/DTA Analysis

20. OPTICAL MICROSCOPY A) with a 100-micrometer scale bar, shows an irregular and heterogeneous surface with phase separation between the components, indicated by variations in texture and density. B) with a 200-micrometer scale bar, presents a highly textured and granular surface, further highlighting the complex interactions and heterogeneous distribution within the composite.

21. The percentage weight loss of the bio plastic, produced from pineapple cellulose, had been reduced by increasing the sulfuric acid concentration from 10% - 30%. The percentage weight loss of the bio plastic, produced from pineapple cellulose, had been reduced by increasing the sodium hydroxide concentration from 10% - 30%. The resistance of the bio plastic is much better in a salt solution than in both acid and alkali solutions. BIODEGRADABLITY TEST

22. CONCLUSION 1. The key findings of the study are: X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed characteristic peaks at 2θ values of 15.8871°, 22.4470°, and 43.9528°, affirming its crystalline nature. significant weight loss of 73.865% observed at 339.08°C, followed by further degradation at 504.90°C. Optical microscopy provided detailed insights into the microstructure, showcasing irregular and heterogeneous surfaces with varying textures at different magnifications. biodegradability testing exhibited promising environmental attributes, with a minimal weight loss of only 3% observed in acidi cconditions over seven days.

23. CONCLUSION Biodegradability testing exhibited promising environmental attributes, with a minimal weight loss of only 3% observed in acidic Conditions over seven days. Thus, the fabrication of a bioplastic materials have a great significance for safety, biodegradability and environmentally friendly bioplastic.

24. 2 . Suggestions and Recommendation optimizing processing techniques can enhance homogeneity and uniformity in the bioplastic blend, thereby improving mechanical properties. Expanding the study to investigate the effect of other types of natural fibers or synthetic fibers on the properties of the bioplastic material. Conducting long-term studies to evaluate the durability and longevity of the bioplasic material in real-world packaging application s.

25. RECOMMENDATION The life cycle of a bio plastic in soil is not studded any more, due to the absence of time, cannot test biodegradability period of the plastic. Additional tests such as Fourier Transform Infrared and can be conducted to evaluate the bio plastic material's structure. This test can help to determine the bio plastic material's chemical composition, structure, and bonding of the bio plastic. Due to the lack of laboratory instruments we were tested a limited property of material. We recommend the department to buy useful laboratory instruments.

26. Reference Synthesis and Characterization of Starch-Based Bioplastics:A Promising Alternative for a Sustainable Future †R. Anitha 1, *, K. Jayakumar 2, G. Vijay Samuel 1, M. Esther Joice1, M. Sneha 1and D. Sathya Seeli 3 Preparation and Characterization of Bioplastic from Sorghum Husk Hannatu Abubakar Sani*, Abubakar Umar Birnin Yauri, Aliyu Muhammad, Yakubu Yahayya, Mujahi Salau Comparative Production of Bioplastics from the Waste Newspaper with Rice Starch and Polyvinyl Alcohol Rice Starch Tin Mya Mya Htwe*1 Starch-Based Bioplastic Materials for Packaging Industry Murat Ates

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