BHARAT STAGE - VI

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1. Seminar Presentation on “ BHARAT STAGE – VI ” Third Year Mechanical Engineering 2018-19 GUIDE PROF. NIKAM PRONOD STUDENT MR. BHOSALE VISHAL RAJAN ROLL NO.: 3242 ARVIND GAVALI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

2. BHARAT STAGE VI mr. vishal rajan bhosale

3. INTRODUCTION

4. WHAT IS BHARAT STAGE – VI Bharat Stage VI (BS VI) is an emission standard that will bring much-needed changes in the Indian automobile industry in terms of pollutant emissions. With this emission norm coming into effect, India will come at par with the US, European countries and other advanced automotive markets across the globe.

5. Why India Felt the Need to Leapfrog from BS IV to BS VI India is a country with 10 most populated cities of the world In October 2016, India signed the Conference of Protocol also known as the Paris Climate Agreement. Being a signatory to the agreement, India is obligated to bring down the carbon footprint by 33-55% from the levels recorded in 2005 in the  next 12 years. Ideally, BS V would have been rolled out by 2021 and BS VI in 2024 but leapfrog to Bharat Stage VI norms by 2020 had to be planned because of the carbon footprint obligations.

6. What is BS-VI grade fuel The move from BS-IV to BS-VI will primarily require fuel to have significantly lower sulphur content. Presently, the sulphur content in BS-IV petrol and diesel is 50 parts per million (ppm). BS VI-grade fuels, however, are to have a Sulphur content of 10 ppm.

7. DOES THIS FUEL will affect BS-III & BS-IV ENGINE? is there any advantage of running your existing BS-III or BS-IV compliant car on BS-VI fuel when it becomes available? lower the sulphur content in the fuel, the cleaner it burns Petrol with lower sulphur emits less NOx, CO and HC

8. When can we expect BS-VI ready cars? The majority of India’s carmakers have already expressed concerns on the scale of the challenge to meet BS-VI norms in 2020 So, you can pretty much rule out any mass market car to be BS-VI-ready when the compliant fuel goes on sale in Delhi in 2018.

9. BS Emission Norms

10. The BS or Bharat Stage emission standards are norms/ standards framed by Indian government to control / check the levels of air pollutants from internal combustion engines. India is five years back in comparison to the European nations in following the emission standards. Emission norms were introduced in India in 1991 & Further upgraded in 1996.

11. TECHNOLOGY INVOLVED TO UPGRADE FROM BS-IV TO BS VI NORMS FOR ENGINES

12. TECHNOLOGY INVOLVED TO UPGRADE FROM BS-IV TO BS VI NORMS FOR ENGINES Two strategies that are adopted by the manufactures for improved emission control for two categories of fuel is shown in the Table

13. TECH. IN Diesel Engine In the case of diesel Engines three devices i.e Catalytic converter, Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) are fitted in series. Although catalytic convertor is there in BS IV vehicles two extra devices DPF and SCR are to be fitted extra to make vehicle BS VI compliance vehicle

14. TECH. IN PETROL ENGINE Re-design of ports and exhaust system improvements Higher compression ratios along with improved carburetion by electronic carburetion/ electronically managed fuel injection / port injection or direct injection Lean & charge stratification with controlled auto ignition and variable ignition timing Combustion chamber re-design & sparkplug re-location Piston re-design

15. IMPROVEMENTS IN FUELS AN ADOPTED TECHNOLOGY

16. IMPROVEMENTS IN FUELS AN ADOPTED TECHNOLOGY Sulphur Content in Fuel in BS-III, BS-IV & BS-VI

17. Technology Involved In the refinery’s diesel has seven or eight different streams with content sulphur ranging from 0 to 500 ppm. So, when diesel with 50 ppm, or petrol with 10 ppm, is to be prepared all the str This Hydro-treatment process is an established refinery process for reducing sulphur and nitrogen streams will have to be hydro-treated

18. CHALLENGES / ISSUES

19. CHALLENGES / ISSUES Auto manufacturers prefer Octane 95 to 91 because it allows engines to give more power. The Euro 6-compliant engines are to be first tested in Indian conditions As per the oil sector Euro VI cannot be followed blindly BS VI fuel in small quantities has to be provided by oil refineries, for trials to the auto companies in a timely manner. Implementation issues from the customers.

20. Issues Related to Auto Companies on Technology Upgradation Engine technology agreements have to be reviewed There is a significant increase in workload for engineering teams Change in vehicle dimension: Two new equipment’s DPF and SCR will be required for conversion for which vehicle dimensions, has to be changed. Although auto companies have Euro 6 engines but there will be some issues in getting them programmed to the Indian driving cycle, which will need time. Validation issues as per Indian conditions: In BS-V, vehicles have to be fitted with a diesel particulate filter, which needs to be optimized for Indian road conditions. In stage VI, selective catalytic reduction technology has to be optimized. At each stage, the technology would have to be validated over 6 lakhs to 7 lakhs km. Given the complexity of the process, these technologies can only be optimized in series and not simultaneously.

21. Issues Related to Oil Refineries Oil refineries have to ensure that all their 75000 fuel pumps / stations have a supply of BS VI fuel by April 1, 2020 Technology selection will be another issue has to be taken care of by Indian and global companies. Technology selection will be another issue has to be taken care of by Indian and global companies. For supplying BS VI fuel, oil refiners have to bulk up their hydro-treatment units.

22. Investment Required Automotive industry would need an investment of Rs. 1.5 lakh crore in order to meet this change. The move will increase the price of cars in India substantially. Oil refineries will need to invest a staggering Rs 80,000 crore in upgrading petrol and diesel quality to meet cleaner Euro-IV/V fuel specifications by 2020

23. Auto Component Suppliers Issues Auto component makers will have shorter time frames to localize design and validate performance of the SCR and particulate filters. A nationwide distribution infrastructure required for SCR.

24. Advantages of BS VI Over BS IV

25. Advantages of BS VI Over BS IV NOx emission will come down by approximately 25% for the petrol engine and 68% for the diesel engines. The PM emission will see a substantial decrease of 80% in diesel engines. OBD will become mandatory for every vehicle and it will help monitor the pollution caused by the vehicle in real time. RDE (Real Driving Emission) will be introduced for the first time that will measure the emission in real-world conditions and not just under test conditions.

26. Bharat Stage VI norms will also change the way particulate matter is measured. It will now be measured by number standard instead of mass standard thereby, regulating the fine particulate matter as well. The reason behind making OBD mandatory is to make sure that the emission control component work at its optimum efficiency at all times.   OBD port will help to detect the malfunction with the help of the error codes sent by the malfunctioning component

27. CONCLUSION

28. CONCLUSION From the analysis it can be concluded that for skipping BS-V and shifting directly to BS-VI, both of the emission reducing technologies DPF and SCR need to be fitted in the four-wheelers simultaneously which is a time consuming and money consuming process but have environmental benefits associated with it. Shifting directly to BS-VI within the specified time limit is a great challenge for the automobile and oil industries in India The two and three wheelers will also have been fitted with Electronic Fuel Injection system in place of the old Carburetor system, to meet the BS-VI standards.

29. BS-VI will also be undertaking the Particulate Matter reduction which earlier was not considered for BS-III and BS-IV. The sulphur content in BS-VI fuels will be limited to only 10 ppm which will help in reducing PM and NOx emissions An investment of Rs. 1.5 lakh crore by automotive industry and Rs 80,000 crore by oil refineries has to be made for up gradation to BS VI by 2020. BS-VI will therefore help in reducing the emission of harmful contents to the atmosphere from IC engines.

30. THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY GIVEN TO PRESENT MY PRESENTATION iN FRONT OF YOU ALL.