BHW REFRESHER COURSE & WORKSHOP 2024 POWERPOINT.pptx

BHW Presentation

1. Foodborne infections any disease that can be acquired: • By eating food contaminated with a pathogen. • By getting the pathogen into the digestive system through dirty hands or surfaces. Waterborne infections any disease that can be acquired: • By drinking water contaminated with a pathogen. • By getting water into your mouth during recreational sports such as: fishing, swimming, or boating. • By letting contaminated water come into contact with open areas on the skin. CAUSES: Infections can be due to : Bacteria (ex. Salmonellosis,Gastroenteritis,Shigellosis) Viruses (ex. Poliomyelitis, Infectious hepatitis) Parasites (ex. Ameabiasis, trichionosis, tapeworm infection)

2. Infections can be due to : Bacteria (ex. Salmonellosis,Gastroenteritis,Shigellosis) Viruses (ex. Poliomyelitis, Infectious hepatitis) Parasites (ex. Ameabiasis, trichionosis, tapeworm infection) Bacterial Infections: A. SALMONELLOSIS: - is a food borne caused by the Salmonella sps. Sources: Unrefrigerated meat andpoultry  Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, greenish foul stools, fever, weakness and drowsiness Prevention: Holding food at 66˚C for 12 min to kill organisms, eliminating contaminated food, cooking food for sufficient time and proper storing by cooling.

3. B. GASTROENTERITIS: Sources: Raw foods and food that are cooled slowly and held sometime before consumption Symptoms: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, gas formation Prevention: heating above 60˚C followed by rapid cooling of cooked meat and other foods, reheating leftovers and personal hygiene. C. TYPHOID FEVER: is a bacterial infection that can spread throughout the body, affecting many organs. It's caused by a bacterium called Salmonella typhi, which is related to the bacteria that cause salmonella food poisoning. Sources: contaminated water or food. Symptoms: Abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, high fever, fatigue  Prevention: access to safe water, proper handwash ing and proper food handling

4. AMOEBIASIS : is an infection of the intestines caused by a parasitic amoeba Entamoeba histolytica. Signs and symptoms: Abdominal pain Diarrhea (loss stool) weight loss Loss of appetite fever Transmission: ingestion of faecally contaminated food or water containing amoebic cysts indirect hand contamination from contaminated surfaces Management/Treatment: Fluid Replacement to prevent dehydration Metronidazole as prescribed by the Doctor. Prevention: Proper handwashing. Food handlers are advised to make sure that hands are thoroughly washed with soap and running water before touching food. raw vegetables are thoroughly washed and cooked.

5. TYPHOID FEVER: is a bacterial infection that can spread throughout the body, affecting many organs. It's caused by a bacterium called Salmonella typhi, which is related to the bacteria that cause salmonella food poisoning. Signs and symptoms: High fever fatigue constipation or diarrhea abdominal pain Transmission: spread through contaminated water or food. Prevention: Proper handwashing. Access to safe water. Proper food handling.

6. Parasitic infections: Amebiasis: caused by Entamoeba histolytica due to sewage contaminated in water. Signs and symptoms: Abdominal pain Diarrhea (loss stool) weight loss Loss of appetite fever Transmission: ingestion of faecally contaminated food or water containing amoebic cysts indirect hand contamination from contaminated surfaces Management/Treatment: Fluid Replacement to prevent dehydration Metronidazole as prescribed by the Doctor. Prevention: Proper handwashing. Food handlers are advised to make sure that hands are thoroughly washed with soap and running water before touching food. raw vegetables are thoroughly washed and cooked.

7. Emerging infectious disease are newly identified & previously unknown infectious agents that cause public health problems either locally or internationally. Re-emerging infectious disease are Infectious agents that have been known for some time, had fallen to such low levels that they were no longer considered public health problems & are now showing upward trends in incidence or prevalence worldwide Factors contributing to the emergence of infectious diseases: 1.Human demographics and behaviour 2.Technology and industry Examples Emerging infectious diseases: Coronavirus infections, such as COVID-19, SARS, and MERS. HIV infections. Lyme disease. Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7.

8. Hantavirus. Dengue fever. West Nile virus. Zika virus. Examples Re-Emerging infectious diseases: Malaria. Tuberculosis. Cholera. Pertussis. Influenza. Pneumococcal disease. Gonorrhea.

9. STIs —also commonly referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)—are infections that are spread from person to person through sexual activity, including anal, vaginal, or oral sex. They are caused by bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Some common STIs include: gonorrhea human papillomavirus (HPV) chlamydia syphilis herpes hepatitis B pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) HIV crabs, or pubic licescabies Signs and symptoms: Painful urination Pain in the lower part of the stomach area Lower back pain. Fever. Vaginal discharge. Discharge from the penis. Vaginal pain during sex. Bleeding between periods Transmission: direct contact with a lesion or sore close personal contact, in the case of pubic lice exposure to blood that contains the infectious agent contact with vaginal fluid or semen the sharing of needles

10. Risk factors: Having unprotected sex. ... Having sexual contact with many partners. ... Having a history of STI s. ... Being forced to engage in sexual activity. ... Misuse of alcohol or use of recreational drugs. ... Injecting drugs. ... Being young. Prevention: Patient Education. Reduction in the number of sexual partners Abstinence from oral, vaginal or anal sex. Use Condom. Get tested.

11. LEPROSY Leprosy is an age-old disease and is described in the literature of ancient civilizations. It is a chronic infectious disease which is caused by a type of bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae. The disease affects the skin, the peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and the eyes. Leprosy is curable and treatment in the early stages can prevent disability. Apart from the physical deformity, persons affected by leprosy also face stigmatization and discriminat i on. Signs and symptoms:  muscle weakness numbness in the hands, arms, feet, and legs skin lesions Transmission:  droplets from the nose and mouth during close and frequent contact with untreated cases. Management/Treatment:  Manage the underlying signs and symptoms. Multi-drug Therapy if confirm. (c/o DOH) Prevention:  Case detection and early treatment.

12. MALARIA Malaria is a life-threatening disease. It’s typically transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Infected mosquitoes carry the Plasmodium parasite. There are four kinds of malaria parasites that can infect humans: Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. falciparum. P. falciparum causes a more severe form of the disease and those who contract this form of malaria have a higher risk of death. An infected mother can also pass the disease to her baby at birth. This is known as congenital malaria. Signs and symptoms:  chills high fever profuse sweating abdominal pain diarrhea anemia muscle pain bloody stools Management/Treatment:  Manage the underlying signs and symptoms. Anti-Malarial Drug: Chloroquine if confirm. Prevention:  Use mosquito nets when sleeping in places where malaria is present. Use mosquito repellents (containing DEET, IR3535 or Icaridin) after dusk. Use coils and vaporizers. Wear protective clothing. Use window screens.

13. Schistosomiasis is an infection caused by trematodes (flukes). These schistosomes (also called blood flukes) are parasitic flatworms that belong to the genus Schistoma. The flukes are found in snails and then are shed into the water. If your skin comes in contact with contaminated water, the parasites can move into you and live there for years. Signs and symptoms: Itchiness Skin rash Fever Chills Cough Muscle pain Symptoms that develop after years: Stomach pain Enlarged liver Blood in urine Blood in feces Transmission: Skin comes in contact with with contaminated freshwater. Management/Treatment:  Praziquantel (c/o DOH)

14. TUBERCULOSIS is an infectious disease that can cause infection in your lungs or other tissues. It commonly affects your lungs, but it can also affect other organs like your spine, brain or kidneys. TB is caused by TB bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) Signs and symptoms: Cough of more than 2 weeks fever Night sweats weight loss Loss of appetite Chest pain Transmission:  through the air from one person to another. Treatment:  Visit TB-DOTS Center for treatment. (Directly-Observed Therapy, Short-course/ Tutuk Gamutan) Prevention: Avoid close contact with people who have active TB disease. Wash your hands often and cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing. Eat a nutritious diet and exercise regularly to keep your immune system strong. Eat a nutritious diet and exercise regularly to keep your immune system strong.

15. RABIES is a fatal but preventable viral disease. It can be spread to people and pets through the bites and scratches of an infected animal.  Late signs and symptoms: Fever Headache Nausea & Vomiting Agitation Anxiety Confusion Hyperactivity Difficulty swallowing Excessive salivation  Fear brought on by attempts to drink fluids because of difficulty swallowing water Fear brought on by air blown on the face Hallucinations Insomnia Partial paralysis Transmission: saliva, through bites, scratches, or direct contact with mucosa Treatment: NO EFFECTIVE TREATMENT Prevention: Vaccinate dogs and cats against rabies. (c/o DA) Get vaccinated with Anti-Rabies vaccine once exposed.

16. DENGUE (break-bone fever) is a viral infection that spreads from mosquitoes to people. It is more common in tropical and subtropical climates. Early Symptoms begin 4-10 days: high fever severe headache pain behind the eyes muscle and joint pains nausea & vomiting swollen glands rash.  Severe Symptoms: severe abdominal pain persistent vomiting rapid breathing bleeding gums or nose  fatigue restlessness blood in vomit or stool being very thirsty pale and cold skin feeling weak. Transmission: bite by a female mosquito (Aedes aegypti)

17. Management/Treatment: Manage the underlying signs and symptoms. Fluid Replacement to prevent dehydration. Bed rest. Monitor for warning signs.

18. Prevention: Use insect repellent. Wear loose-fitting, long- sleeved shirts and pants. Take steps to control mosquitoes in and around your home. 5S Campaign

19. “Temperature, Pulse, Respiration and Blood Pressure are the vital signs, these are also called as cardinal signs.” When to assess vital signs:  On the patient admission.  During physical examination.  Before and after any invasive diagnostic or surgical procedure.  Monitoring during recovery.  Before and after medications that affect cardiovascular or respiratory functions.  In any emergency medical condition.

20. Sites of monitoring pulse

21. OBJECTIVES: Helping couples achieved their desired family size in the context of responsible parenthood. Health intervention program of DOH to promote overall health of women & children Contributes to the reduction of maternal & infant deaths in the country. CRITERIA FOR IDEAL CONTRACEPTIVE: It should be safe for use means free from any kind of side effects. It should be reliable. It should be easy to administer and convenient. It should be cost effective. It should be culturally feasible and acceptable

22. NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING:

23. ARTIFICIAL FAMILY PLANNING:

24. ARTIFICIAL FAMILY PLANNING:

25. PERMANENT FAMILY PLANNINNG

26. Practicing Good Oral Health: It is important to practice good oral hygiene every day. This includes: •Brushing teeth at least twice a day •Floss daily •Eating a healthy diet and limiting in between meal snacks •Replace toothbrush every three to four months or sooner once bristles are frayed •Schedule regular dental checkups, at least twice a year Importance:  Prevents tooth decay Prevents gum disease, which can damage gum tissue and the bones that support the teeth. This can lead to the loss of teeth Prevents bad breath Helps keep teeth white my preventing staining from food and drinks Improves overall health

27. NATIONAL SAFE MOTHERHOOD PROGRAM Objective: To improve the health and well-being of mothers and unborn child. Target Clients: Pregnant women IMPORTANCE OF PRE-NATAL VISITS: Early assessment & detection of high-risk factors Early prevention, monitoring and treatment of HR factors Ensuring safe delivery and a healthy baby Getting correct advice on proper care during pregnancy, preparing for delivery. Services during the Pre-natal visits: Registration Client Assessment and Physical examination. Laboratory examination: Hemoglobin Urinalysis Hepatitis Screening Blood Typing Syphilis Screening HIV Screening Fasting Blood Sugar Giving of iron supplementation. Tetanus Toxoid Immunization Counseling on proper nutrition, prenatal & neonatal care, proper hygiene, breastfeeding, newborn screening and family planning.

28. Registration (What to do?): To provide Individual Treatment Record and Prenatal Card/Mother book. To check vital signs, weight and height of the client. Client Assessment and Physical examination: Health History – ask for the first day of Last Menstrual Period (LMP) to calculate Expected Date of Delivery. Identify any complications during previous pregnancies and to discuss warning signs during pregnancy. Schedule of Pre-natal visits in the health centers: 1st month – as early as possible 2nd to 7th month – once a month 8th month – twice a month 9th month - weekly

29. MANUAL CALCULATION OF ESTIMATED DATE OF DELIVERY: January to March LMP, use: +9 +7 April to December LMP, use: -3 +7 +1

30. SAMPLE LMP: February 15, 2024 COMPUTATION 2 15 +9 +7 11 22 EDD: NOVEMBER 22, 2024

31. SAMPLE LMP: August 8, 2023 COMPUTATION 8 8 2024 -3 +7 [phone] EDD: MAY 15, 2025

32. TT dose & duration of protection: MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION:

33. POSTPARTUM VISIT: The postpartum refers to the mother’s period of recovery after delivery. This is very important for the mother to regain her strength and to take care of her newborn who needs a lot of attention.Problems could still arise for both mother and child at this time. It is important that a BHW should know what to do during postpartum visits in case the midwife is not around.This is also the best time to offer the opportunity to support breastfeeding and provide family planning and services.

34. Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding. Strengthened the Milk Code EO 51 -a law which protects and promote breastfeeding. Advantages of exclusive breastfeeding: 1. Physiological benefits • Breastfeeding promotes uterine involution, decreases risk of postpartum hemorrhage and increases period of postpartum anovulation (having periods without ovulating). Mothers can also practice natural child spacing since breastfeeding delays ovulation. This is called Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM). A lactating woman has at least 98% protection from pregnancy for six (6) months when she remains without her period (ammenorrheic)andfullyornearlyfullybreastfeeds.

35. • Breastfeeding also decreases the risk of breast cancer, ovarian cancer and hip and bone fractures. • Breastfeeding also makes it easier for night feeds. 2. Psychological Benefit • Breastfeeding promotes attachment between the mother and child, increases self-esteem to mothers and allows daily rests for mothers. It is important for the optimal health and development of the baby. Breastmilk provides every single essential nutrient in the development of the baby, and the bonding element (mother’s thoughts, emotions and vibrations) that helps mother and baby to bond for life. 3. Financial Benefits • Breastfeeding can save as much as P2000 a month when compared to using other milks. • Reduces time lost from work. Mothers do not have to absent themselves from work because breastfed babies are less likely to get sick. • Reduces cost for medicines for sick baby because breastfed infants do not get sick easily.

36. is a simple procedure to find out if baby has a congenital metabolic disorder that may lead to mental retardation and even death if left untreated. IMPORTANCE: To detect congenital metabolic disorders for early diagnosis and treatment To prevent mental retardation or death.

37. OBJECTIVE: To reduce morbidity and mortality among infants and children. The BHWs has a big participation and involvement in improving the immunization coverage. They are the Their role as community organizer, health educator and provider can help inform more people of the importance of the immunization program. 1.They are the front liners who convince and encourage parents to have their children vaccinated and disseminate to their community information regarding immunization schedules, special programs on immunization like GP and Ligtas Tigdas. 2. During the immunization day itself, they are always on hand to assist in getting the infants’ height and weight, checking records, master listing, and guide the clients on what to expect and what to do before and after the immunization, respectively.

38. Vitamin A Supplementation is part of the Garantisadong Pambata program by the Department of Health, providing specific liquid drops to children (6-59 months) and lactating mothers. The recommended dosages vary by age, and supplementation helps replenish Vitamin A stores, protect against infections, and reduce complications like measles. For breastfeeding mothers, it elevates Vitamin A concentration in breast milk, benefiting the child.

39. DEWORMING The campaign targets eligible children and adolescents ages 1-19 years old. Under the program, DOH provides deworming pills such as albendazole or mebendazole.

40. Working hours: 8:00 AM to 5:00 AM MONDAY TO FRIDAY Operating hours: 8:00 AM TO 11:00 AM 1:30 PM TO 3:00 PM CHEMISTRY TESTS SCHEDULE: Tuesday and Thursday MORNING ONLY

41. •ADULT AND CHILDREN PATIENTS •Present PHILHEALTH (Indigents, sponsored), NHTS, 4PS ID to avail free COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC), URINALYSIS, BLOOD TYPING, FECALYSIS (STOOL EXAM) •MEDICAL CERTIFICATE – 100.00 •NON FOOD HANDLERS GREEN CARD – 150.00 •FOOD HANDLERS WHITE CARD- 200.00 TB PATIENTS: SPUTUM COLLECTION FOR SMEAR MICROSCOPY FOR DIAGNOSIS EARLY MORNING SPUTUM COLLECTION (2 specimen) RECEIVING - 8 AM TO 10:00 AM ONLY MONDAY TO FRIDAY 5 TO 7 DAYS week releasing time

42. FOR GENE EXPERT (not available as of now) EVERY FRIDAY (8:00 to 9:00 AM) Results released every Wednesday to Friday the following week Requires 1 sample only FOLLOW- UP SCHEDULE EARLY MORNING SPUTUM COLLECTION (1 specimen only) RECEIVING – 8 AM TO 10:00 AM ONLY

43. Measuring Weight: Standardize scales daily or whenever they are moved: •Set the scale to zero •Weigh three objects of known weight (e.g. 5, 10, and 15 kg) and record the measured weights •Repeat the weighing of these objects and record the weights again •Check the scales or replace them when there is a difference of 0.01 kg or more between duplicate weighing NOTE: A measured weight differs by 0.01 kg or more from the known standard Measure length •Less than 87 cm (or less than 3 feet) •Less than 2 years •Or those too weak to stand Measure height •87 cm or taller •2 years and older •Capable of standing up

44. Referral system is a two-way relationship between health facilities ensuring continuity and complementation of Health and Services. A two-way referral system need to be established between each level of health facility, ex: barangay health workers refer cases to the rural health team, who in turn refer more serious cases to either the district hospital and then to the provincial, regional or the whole health care system.

45. A disease associated with the way a person or group of people lives. They are diseases that are caused partly by unhealthy behaviors and partly by other factors. Main Causes: Habits Behaviours Practices Uncontrollable Risk factors •Age •Race •Gender •Heredity Controllable Risk Factors Diet and body weight Daily levels of physical activity Smoking and alcohol abuse Amount of sun exposure Chewing tobacco Sedentary life style Program Components: 1. Cardiovascular Disease 2. Diabetes Mellitus 3. Cancer 4. Chronic Respiratory Disease

46. Cardiovascular Diseases: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are diseases or disorders that result from damage to the heart and blood vessels. Common Cardiovascular Diseases: • High Blood Pressure • Heart Attack • Arteriosclerosis-fat deposition in blood vessels • Stroke

47. Diabetes A disorder in which cells are unable to obtain glucose from the blood such that high blood-glucose levels result. Type 1- body’s inability to produce insulin (born with) Type 2- body’s inability to respond to insulin (develop)

48. Donate Blood , Save Lives ! Health Benefits of Blood Donation:  The Joy of Saving Human Lives! Free Health Check Up! Reduce the risk of Heart Diseases! Burn Calories! Reduces the risk of Cancer! Blood Donation Eligibility: Be in good general health and feeling well. Be at least 17-years-old. Weigh at least 50 kgs. Not have donated blood in the last 3 months.

49. Environmental Sanitation -Pag limpyo maoy usa ka dalan sa kinabuhi. Usa ka matang sa pagkabuhi, nga nag pakita sa usa ka malimpyo nga panimalay. Malimpyo nga umahan. Malimpyo nga patigayonan ug trabahoan. Malimpyo nga kasilinganan o kauban sa panimalay ug malimpyo nga kumunidad. 5 ASPETO SA ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION: 1. TUBIG 2. PAGKAON 3. KASILYAS 4. BASURA 5. PAGKONTROLAR SA MGA LAMOK, LANGAW, ILAGA, OK-OK UG UBAN PANG INSEKTO 3 KA LEVEL SA TUBIG (Panubig) 1. LEVEL I – ang tawo maoy mo kalos sa tubig adunay 25 metros kalayo o dili humagaway. Example: bomba o spring 2. LEVEL II – ang tawo maoy mo kalos sa gripo apan kadaghan mogamit sa gripo adunay 25 metros gikan sa panimalay.

50. 3. LEVEL II – tagsa – tagsang gripo sa panimalay. LEVEL OF TOILET o KASILYAS 1. LEVEL I – non water carriage 2. LEVEL II – toilet with septic tank 3. LEVEL III – flush toilet with septic tank SOURCES OF WATER: Household waste Commercial waste Farm and Agricultural waste Industrial waste Hospital waste 2 KA KALSIPIKASYON SA HUGAW (WASTE) 1. Degradable waste – dili malata pinaagi sa natural nga proceso. 2. Non – degradable waste – dili malata / recycle. 5 KA PAMAAGI SA PAG KONTROLAR SA INSEKTO ug VERMIN CONTROL: 1. Environmental Sanitation (pagpanglimpyo sa palibot) 2. Spraying 3. Screening 4. Abatement 5. Solid waste management

51. REPUBLIC ACT 8423 - TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE ACT OF 1997 An act creating the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) to accelerate the development of traditional and alternative health care in the Philippines, providing for a traditional and alternative health care development fund and for other purposes.

52. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is when the kidneys have become damaged over time (for at least 3 months) and have a hard time doing all their important jobs. CKD also increases the risk of other health problems like heart disease and stroke.  Signs and symptoms: Foamy urine Urinating (peeing) more often or less often than usual Itchy and/or dry skin Feeling tired Nausea Loss of appetite Weight loss without trying to lose weight Causes: Diabetes High blood pressure (hypertension) Heart disease and/or heart failure Obesity Over the age of 60 Family history of CKD or kidney failure Personal history of acute kidney injury (AKI) Smoking and/or use of tobacco products

53. Treatment:  Medications Diet management Renal replacement therapy: dialysis, renal transplantation.

54. Cancer may be regarded as group of diseases characterized by an: •abnormal growth of cells •ability to invade adjacent cells & even distant organs •the eventual death of the affected patient if the tumour has progressed. •Cancer can occur at any site or tissue of the body & may involve any type of cells. CAUSES: (1)ENVIROMENTAL FACTORS : responsible for 80 to 90% of all human cancers. •tobacco •alcohol •dietary factors •occupational exposures •viruses •parasites (2)GENETIC FACTORS PREVENTION:  Control of tobacco & alcohol consumption Personal hygiene Radiation Occupational exposures Immunization Foods, drugs & cosmetics Treatment of precancerous lesions Cancer education

55. GOALS: ·  Conduct surveillance and data analysis ·  Provide legislators, health and social service providers, and public health professionals and organizations with reports, fact sheets, talking points, and other data communication products that share our findings and recommend evidence-based prevention methods ·  Share prevention-focused education and resources for select causes or types of injuries (e.g. drowning prevention) ·  Coordinate injury prevention activities with key partners at community and statewide levels ·  Engage community partners in work to change systems and social norms that are the drivers behind multiple types of injuries, and promote the adoption of policies proven to reduce injury and violence. ·  Promote approaches and solutions that prevent multiple forms of violence ·  Traffic-Related Crashes ·  Sexual & Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) ·  Child Abuse & Neglect ·  Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) H omicide Suicide Firearm Fire Drowning Older Adult Falls Infant Sleep-Related Injury

56. Safe and inclusive communities shall be fostered to eliminate the various forms of violence and injuries including interpersonal violence or gender-based violence, as well as road traffic, fireworks and occupational related injuries.

57. ·  Traffic-Related Crashes ·  Sexual & Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) ·  Child Abuse & Neglect ·  Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) ·  Homicide ·  Suicide ·  Firearm ·  Fire ·  Drowning ·  Older Adult Falls ·  Infant Sleep-Related Injury

58. To provide the following: patient-centered and environment standard to ensure safety and accessibility for senior citizens, equitable health financing, capacitated health providers in the implementation of healthprograms for senior citizens, data base management, and strengthened coordination and collaboration with otherstakeholders involved in the implementation of programs for senior In support of the RA 9257 (The Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2003) and the RA 9994 (Expanded Senior Citizen Act of 2010), the Department of Health issued Administrative Orders for health implementors to undertake and promote the health and wellness of senior citizens as well as to alleviate the conditions of older persons who are encountering degenerative diseases.

59. BENEFITS:

60. The program focuses on areas of disability prevention, rehabilitation and equalization of opportunities. Moreover, it is intended to enhance PWDs capacity to attain a more meaningful, productive and satisfying way of life and ultimately become self-reliant, productive and contributing members of society. General Objective – Improved quality of life for persons with disability through a comprehensive program for persons with disability. Specific Objectives: 1. Prevent as many people from becoming disabled by: Enhancing their capabilities in the prevention, early detection and management of disabilities and disabling conditions 2. Reduce the handicapping condition of a PWD and arrest the progression of impairment. 3. Ensure that PWDs have equal and equitable access to all aspects of life including productivity and employment, education n and training, housing, health and sociorecreational activities, and accessibility to political and civil life.

61. 4. Promote awareness on the residual capabilities of PWDs to contribute to the workplace and labor market

62. Goal: To reduce the prevalence of blindness from 1.4 to 0.3% Objectives •To reduce backlog of blindness through identification & treatment of blind. •To develop eye care facility for every district. •To develop human resources for eye care services. •To improve quality of service delivery. •To secure participation of civil society & private sector. Prevention & control of blindness: SAFE strategy: S – Surgery A ‐ Antibiotic use F ‐ Facial cleanliness E ‐ Environment improvement

63. Components: Advocacy • A smoke-free environment (SFE) shall be maintained in DOH and participating non-DOH facilities, offices, attached agencies, and retained hospitals. DOH officials, staff, and employees, together with the officials of participating non-DOH offices, shall participate in the observance and celebration of the World No Tobacco Day (WNTD) every 31st of May and the World No Tobacco Month every June. Health Education • Through health education, smokers shall be assisted to quit their habit and their immediate family members shall be empowered to assist and facilitate the smoking cessation process Smoking Cessation Services • PRIMARY: Risk assessment/ Risk screening; Assess for Tobacco Use Objectives: 1. Promote and advocate smoking cessation in the Philippines 2. Provide smoking cessation services to current smokers interested in quitting the habit

64. GOALS: • To ensure availability and accessibility of minimum mental health care for all in the foreseeable future, particularly to the most vulnerable and underprivileged sections of population • To encourage application of mental health knowledge in general health care and in the social development • To promote community participation in the mental health services development and to stimulate efforts towards self-help in the community Program Components 1. Wellness of Daily Living • All health/social/poverty reduction/safety and security programs and the like are protective factors in general for the entire population • Promotion of Healthy Lifestyle, Prevention and Control of Diseases, Family wellness programs, etc • School and workplace health and wellness programs 2. Extreme Life Experience • Provision of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) during personal and community wide disasters 3. Mental Disorder 4. Neurologic Disorders 5. Substance Abuse and other Forms of Addiction • Provision of services for mental, neurologic and substance use

65. First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person with either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery until medical services arrive. First aid is generally performed by someone with basic medical training. Basic Life Support or BLS generally refers to the type of care that first-responders, healthcare providers and public safety professionals provide to anyone who is experiencing cardiac arrest, respiratory distress or an obstructed airway.

66. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT Basic life support (BLS) is a specific level of pre-hospital medical care provided by trained responders, including emergency medical technicians, in the absence of advanced medical care. BLS generally does not include the use of drugs or invasive skills, and can be contrasted with the provision of Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS). CPR provided in the field buys time for higher medical responders to arrive & provide ACLS.

67. HANDS ONLY CPR  DOH focused on hands-only CPR as it is a life-saving measure that people can easily learn. The DOH's goal is to teach at least one member per family how to perform hands-only CPR at 120 beats per minute.

68. IN WHAT WAY CAN BARANGAY HEALTH WORKERS HELP ON LYING-IN FACILITY REFERAL SERVICE PURPOSE: This orientation is to equip Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) with essential knowledge and skills necessary to ensure safe pregnant deliveries within their community. This aims to assist Rural Health Midwives and Public Health service delivery particularly on women’s health and safe motherhood which is important component in safeguarding maternal and child morbidity and mortality, thereby strengthening local healthcare service and fostering healthier communities overall. Barangay Health Workers also play a crucial role in monitoring pregnant mothers, especially in community settings. This basic tool enables BHWs to provide essential care, identify potential complications early, and ensure to refer to rural health midwives for further evaluation. Here are some basic tools and resources they use for this purpose include.

69. 1.Patients Logbooks: To keep detailed records of each pregnant woman’s. Good list should have the following data.  Name Age Address Number of Pregnancies Date of last Menstrual Period 2.Blood Pressure Apparatus: To regularly check blood pressure specifically those with gestational hypertensive pregnant mothers 3.Mobile Phone: communication, monitoring and referral

70. PROMOTING FACILITY-BASED DELIVERIES BHWs should help to encourage women to deliver in health facilities where skilled birth attendants are available. This significantly reduces the complications during childbirth and ensures access to emergency care if needed. Community lying-in facilities should ideally only cater to: (case to case basis) 1.Normal Pregnancy: low-risk, uncomplicated pregnancy where care and monitoring are sufficient. 2.Pregnancy should not more than four pregnancy (multipararity) 3.19 – 34 year old 4.Gravida 2 to Gravida 4

71. Not allowed deliveries in community lying-in facility 1. High risk (complication/comorbidities) 2. Premature Rupture of membrane (PROM) 3. Previous CS 4. Multiple Pregnancies 5. Preterm labor 6. Post term labor- beyond 42 weeks 7. Placenta issue 8. Fetal complication 9. Teenage pregnancy 10. Abortion 11. Severe anemia

72. Assisting with Birth Preparedness: They can help pregnant women and their families prepare for childbirth. This includes planning and transportation to the health facility and packing essential needs of the mother and child. Mothers and child essential needs: * mothers and child diaper *prenatal records with latest laboratory and ultrasound result Babies receiving blanket (pranela) Linen/pillow New born complete clothing Tissue Rubbing alcohol 70% Black large bag Mothers clothing Personal hygiene kit

73. PHILHEALTH PROCCESS STEPS 1.BARANGAY IDIGENCY 2.ACCESSOR OFFICE 3.MSWD 4.IT-PRMRF- SUBMIT TO Maam Charmaine Vacalares (liason personel) 5.PHILHEALTH- updated MDR Thank you for Barangay Health WEorkers! Your dedication to learning and serving is truly commendable. Together, we can make a positive impact on health outcomes in our community. Keep up the excellent work!

74. Provisions Regarding Benefits and Incentives List of Benefits and Incentives. Subject to the provision of this Rule, accredited BHWs who are actively and regularly performing their duties shall be entitled to the following benefits and incentives: (1) Subsistence allowance; (2) Hazard Allowance; (3) Training, education, and career enrichment programs; (4) One-Child Scholarship; (5) Civil Service eligibility; (6) Free legal assistance; and (7) Preferential access to loans and loan facilities of government lending institution.

75. ALLOWANCES Section 1: Scope. Accredited BHWs in Rural and Urban areas, exposed to situations, conditions or factors in the work environment or place where foreseeable but unavoidable danger or risks exist which adversely endanger their health or life and/or increase the risk or producing adverse effect on their persons in the exercise of their duties, to be validated by the proper authorities, shall be entitles to hazard allowance in an amount to be determined by the local health board and the local peace and order council of the local government unit concerned; Accredited BHWs who render service within the premises of isolated barangay health stations in order to make their services available to any and all time shall be entitled to subsistence allowance equivalent to the meals they take in the course of their duty, which shall be computed in accordance with prevailing circumstances, as determined by the local government unit concerned.

76. (c) Work areas affected by volcanic activity/eruption including, subsequent flow of lahar and other pyroclastic materials as may be declared and duly certified as such by the Director of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology;(a)Embattled or strife0torn work areas which refer to the sire of armed encounters between government troops and enemy forces and/or enemy-initiated attacks, raids or armed ambuscades as may be declared and duly certified as such by the Secretary of National Defense. It is also an area where enemy concentration/training camps are reported to exist; (b) Difficult/distressed/isolated work areas or hardships posts characterized by distance, inconvenience of travel due to bad roads an conditions of the terrain, isolation, inaccessibility and extreme weather conditions as may be declared and duly certified as such by the head of agency concerned; (c) Work areas affected by volcanic activity/eruption including, subsequent flow of lahar and other pyroclastic materials as may be declared and duly certified as such by the Director of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology;

77. (d) Work areas which offer risks or danger to health and safety due to exposure to radiation, communicable/contagious/infectious disease, explosives, combustible, dangerous, noxious odor/toxic chemicals/gas/biological hazards as may be declared and duly certified as such by the Secretary of Health and/or head of the agency concerned; (e) Institutions for mental health where exposure to bodily harm and risks from psychiatric patients actually exist may be declared and duly certified as such by the Secretary of Health and/or head of agency concerned; (f) Prison camps/reservations or penal colonies without adequate police protections as may be declared and duly certified as such by the Director of the Bureau of Corrections; and (e) Rescue operations/evacuation/rehabilitation centers and areas declared under the state of calamity or emergency by the President, where harm and danger or occupational risks or perils to life exist.

78. Section 3: Isolated Barangay Health Station. For the purpose of these Rules, barangay health stations considered as isolated shall be certified as such by Local Health Board if any or all of the following conditions exist: (a) no roads or trails (b) no roads but trails only (c) can only be reached by hiking, animal, or animal-drawn vehicle (d) unpredictable and irregular schedule of transportation service (e) lack of and/or inadequate communication facilities.

79. Section 4: Procedure for Availment of Allowance. Accredited BHWs entitled to either or both of the allowances shall apply in writing to the municipal or city health board. The Local Health Board or its designated committee, shall conduct initial screening before providing the BHW applicant an application form and the list of requirements for compliance. The BHWs may be interviewed upon the discretion of the LHB to further assess his/her qualification and gather more direct information about him/her.

80. Section 5: Payment of Allowance. Subject to the conditions specified under the Rule, accredited BHWs shall be provided with Hazard and/or Subsistence Allowance, not to exceed those prescribed under the rules and regulations of the Department of Budget and Management of the matter.

81. Section 4: Procedure for Availment of Allowance. Accredited BHWs entitled to either or both of the allowances shall apply in writing to the municipal or city health board. The Local Health Board or its designated committee, shall conduct initial screening before providing the BHW applicant an application form and the list of requirements for compliance. The BHWs may be interviewed upon the discretion of the LHB to further assess his/her qualification and gather more direct information about him/her.