Bibliographic coupling

Bibliographic coupling with co-citation, Obsolescence, Half Life, Useful age and related Topics

1. Devi Ahilya Vishva VidhyalyaDevi Ahilya Vishva Vidhyalya
Taksha Shila Campus, Khandwa Road, IndoreTaksha Shila Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore
Bibliographic Coupling Bibliographic Coupling
& &
ObsolescenceObsolescence
A presentation submitted against the unit test-3 (707) for the completion of M. A presentation submitted against the unit test-3 (707) for the completion of M.
Phil. In Library & Information Science, Second Semester (Session 2010-11)Phil. In Library & Information Science, Second Semester (Session 2010-11)
Submitted by:Submitted by: Guided By:Guided By:
Ritesh Tiwari Ms. Aarti SharmaRitesh Tiwari Ms. Aarti Sharma
Roll No. 16 Lecturer (SLIS, UTD, DAVV)Roll No. 16 Lecturer (SLIS, UTD, DAVV)

2. ContentsContents
What is Bibliographic CouplingWhat is Bibliographic Coupling
Progress of Bibliographic CouplingProgress of Bibliographic Coupling
Criticism of Bibliographic CouplingCriticism of Bibliographic Coupling
Similar term: Co-Citation Coupling Similar term: Co-Citation Coupling
Bibliographic Coupling V/s Co-citationBibliographic Coupling V/s Co-citation
Use of Bibliographic CouplingUse of Bibliographic Coupling
What is ObsolescenceWhat is Obsolescence
Reasons for Declination in usageReasons for Declination in usage
Criteria used for measuring the Criteria used for measuring the
DeclinationDeclination
ConclusionConclusion
ReferencesReferences

3. What is Bibliographic Coupling ?What is Bibliographic Coupling ?
When two works refer the common When two works refer the common
work(s) then the relation between two work(s) then the relation between two
referring documents is called referring documents is called
Bibliographic coupling. Bibliographic coupling. We can say We can say
The coupling strength is higher when The coupling strength is higher when
more citations, the two referring works more citations, the two referring works
have in common. This coupling shows have in common. This coupling shows
the similarity of subject matter of the two the similarity of subject matter of the two
works. Bibliographic coupling is works. Bibliographic coupling is
respectively valuable in all fields of respectively valuable in all fields of
research since it helps the researcher to research since it helps the researcher to
find related research done in the past.find related research done in the past.
The term "bibliographic coupling" was The term "bibliographic coupling" was
first introduced by MM Kessler in a paper first introduced by MM Kessler in a paper
published in 1963, and has been published in 1963, and has been
embraced in the work of the information embraced in the work of the information
scientist Eugene Garfield.scientist Eugene Garfield.

4. Progress of Bibliographic Coupling:Progress of Bibliographic Coupling:
 There was a progression of citation study There was a progression of citation study
methods from “bibliographic coupling” to methods from “bibliographic coupling” to
“co-citation analysis” (1973) to “author co- “co-citation analysis” (1973) to “author co-
citation analysis”(1981).citation analysis”(1981).
In 1973, Henry Small introduced what he In 1973, Henry Small introduced what he
concluded was a better indicator of subject concluded was a better indicator of subject
similarity, document co-citation analysis.similarity, document co-citation analysis.
In 1981 Howard White and Belver Griffith In 1981 Howard White and Belver Griffith
moved to author cocitation analysis (ACA).moved to author cocitation analysis (ACA).

5. Criticism faced by Bibliographic Coupling:Criticism faced by Bibliographic Coupling:
By Martyn (1964, p. 236)-By Martyn (1964, p. 236)- he analyzed that, a he analyzed that, a
bibliographic coupling is merely an indication of bibliographic coupling is merely an indication of
the existence of relationship between two the existence of relationship between two
documents rather than a constant unit of documents rather than a constant unit of
similarity. similarity.
Virgo (1971, p. 289)- He concluded that critical Virgo (1971, p. 289)- He concluded that critical
threshold value for the coupling strengths threshold value for the coupling strengths
possibly varies from field to field and even possibly varies from field to field and even
within fields.within fields.
Weinberg (1974) predicts that bibliographic Weinberg (1974) predicts that bibliographic
coupling should work best for repetitive coupling should work best for repetitive
literature (e.g., review articles) because such literature (e.g., review articles) because such
literature often cite a lot of older works.literature often cite a lot of older works.
Vladutz & Cook’s (1984) results- In their Vladutz & Cook’s (1984) results- In their
validation study, taking a random selection of validation study, taking a random selection of
10.000 articles from the SCI. They concluded 10.000 articles from the SCI. They concluded
that other parameters may give better results that other parameters may give better results
than bibliographic coupling.than bibliographic coupling.

6. Similar term- Co-citation coupling:Similar term- Co-citation coupling:
““Co-citation Coupling” Co-citation Coupling”
Is the mirror image of Is the mirror image of
““Bibliographic coupling”Bibliographic coupling”
Co-citation coupling is a method used to Co-citation coupling is a method used to
establish a subject similarity between establish a subject similarity between
two documents. If papers A and B are two documents. If papers A and B are
both cited by paper C, they may be said both cited by paper C, they may be said
to be related to one another, even to be related to one another, even
though they don't directly cite each though they don't directly cite each
other. If papers A and B are both cited other. If papers A and B are both cited
by many other papers, they have a by many other papers, they have a
stronger relationship. The more papers stronger relationship. The more papers
they are cited by, the stronger their they are cited by, the stronger their
relationship is.relationship is.

7. Bibliographic Coupling V/s Co-Citation CouplingBibliographic Coupling V/s Co-Citation Coupling

8. Use of Bibliographic Coupling:Use of Bibliographic Coupling:
In finding relationship between two subjects.In finding relationship between two subjects.
In finding relationship between two different In finding relationship between two different
articles.articles.
To get help in finding topics for research by To get help in finding topics for research by
researchers.researchers.
To evolve new merged subjects.To evolve new merged subjects.
To understand the development of new subject.To understand the development of new subject.
To understand the pattern of research in any To understand the pattern of research in any
field.field.
To understand the future demand by publisher.To understand the future demand by publisher.
To map the utility of the document.To map the utility of the document.
To get help in collection development of To get help in collection development of
libraries.libraries.

9. What is Obsolescence?What is Obsolescence?
Obsolescence is the phenomenon of “ the Obsolescence is the phenomenon of “ the
reduced use or decline in the use of information reduced use or decline in the use of information
(on a certain topic) by the time”. (on a certain topic) by the time”.

Obsolescence study might be useful for solving Obsolescence study might be useful for solving
following questions:following questions:
when to discard older Volumes, when to discard older Volumes,
how long to keep new ones, how long to keep new ones,
what sort of retrospective storage and access what sort of retrospective storage and access
in information retrieval system should providein information retrieval system should provide

10. Reasons for Declination in usageReasons for Declination in usage
If the concern is with knowledge, If the concern is with knowledge,
obsolescence may be defined as a decline obsolescence may be defined as a decline
over time in the validity or utility of Information. over time in the validity or utility of Information.
Such decline may be occurred by following Such decline may be occurred by following
reasons:reasons:
The information is valid, but incorporated in The information is valid, but incorporated in
later work. later work.
The information is valid, but superseded by The information is valid, but superseded by
later work.later work.
The information is valid, but is in a field of The information is valid, but is in a field of
declining interest; declining interest;
The information is no longer valid.The information is no longer valid.

11. Criteria used for measuring the Declination:Criteria used for measuring the Declination:
Age of the document.Age of the document.
Citation to the document in the subsequent Citation to the document in the subsequent
literature.literature.
Utilization of document.Utilization of document.
Following termsFollowing terms are also important if, we discuss about are also important if, we discuss about
the obsolescence and required to be put here:the obsolescence and required to be put here:
Age:Age: Period From origin to the actual use of the Period From origin to the actual use of the
document is called age of that document is called age of that
particular particular document.document.
Useful Age:Useful Age: Period of time during which the citation Period of time during which the citation
getting getting by a particular literature or periodical.by a particular literature or periodical.
Half Life:Half Life: Time from the origin of the document to its Time from the origin of the document to its
useful life on its maximum use up to that time useful life on its maximum use up to that time
is is called Half life of that document.called Half life of that document.

12. Conclusion:Conclusion:
Bibliographic coupling, Co-citation Coupling and Bibliographic coupling, Co-citation Coupling and
obsolescence all are the important part of obsolescence all are the important part of
Bibliographic study as well as Research. These Bibliographic study as well as Research. These
tools are helpful, to Researchers, Libraries, tools are helpful, to Researchers, Libraries,
Publishers, and Authors up to great extant. Publishers, and Authors up to great extant.
Bibliographic Coupling and Co-citation coupling Bibliographic Coupling and Co-citation coupling
help to understand the pattern of new subjects help to understand the pattern of new subjects
and development of new subjects as well and and development of new subjects as well and
Obsolescence provide help to analyze the utility Obsolescence provide help to analyze the utility
and useful life of the document or Information. and useful life of the document or Information.
Obsolescence is also very useful for the libraries Obsolescence is also very useful for the libraries
and publisher as well as it could help in and publisher as well as it could help in
understanding the demand and utility of the understanding the demand and utility of the
particular document.particular document.

13. Reference:Reference:
Class notes of Ms. Aarti SharmaClass notes of Ms. Aarti Sharma
http://http://en.wikipedi.orgen.wikipedi.org//
http://www.iva.dk/http://www.iva.dk/
http://http://www.ischool.utexas.eduwww.ischool.utexas.edu//

14. ANY QUESTION ANY QUESTION
PLEASEPLEASE
??

15. ThankThank YouYou