Bio chemical senors

Bio-Chemical Sensors are most valuable sensors in chemical industry, Hope this will help you.

1. BIOCHEMICAL SENSORS By: Saumya Ranjan Behura

2. Introduction 1. Combination of 3 fields a. Biology b. Chemicals c. Sensors 2. Study of the chemical substances and vital processes occurring in living organisms

3. 1. Biosensor is an analytical device, which converts a biological response into electrical signal. 2. Monitoring electrolytes concentration and pH in sweat and even to detect specific proteins in blood or plasma. Introduction ( Cont .)

4. Construction Their construction dedicated to different applications The transducers are ISFET or ChemFET Typical Ex for detection of pH in urea: CO(NH 2 ) 2 + 3 H 2 O urease CO 2 +2 NH 4 + + 2 OH – Here pH ISFETs are used for detection of pH in urea

5. Fig- Structure of the urea ENFET The figure includes: 1: Enzymatic membrane 2: Ion selective membrane 3: PolyHEMA hydrogel layer 4: Gate layers: - Silicon nitride - Silicon oxide 5: Channel 6: Encapsulation S: Source D: Drain B: Bulk   Cont.

6. Fig-1. Lamella type Fig-2. Batch type Modern biosensing is based on microreactor construction 2 types of microreactors has developed: A. lamella type- a system of parallel microchannels etched in Si B. Batch type- a form of column filled with glass microbeads with immobilized enzymes

7. Elements of biochemical sensor Figure 3. Schematic arrangement of a typical chemical or biochemical sensor

8. Components of a Biosensor Detector Signal Processing Signal Conditioning

9. It should be high for the detection of high substrate concentration. Value of the electrode response per substrate concentration. Chemicals Interference must be minimized for obtaining the correct result. Necessary time for 95% of the response. 1. LINEARITY 2. SENSITIVITY 3 . SELECTIVITY 4. RESPONSE TIME Basic Characteristics

10. 5. LIMIT OF DETECTION 6. RELIABILITY 7. STABILITY 8. LIFE TIME Three times standard deviation of the blank value Degree of trust or correctness in result Output change as per input changes Have few minutes to several years Characteristics (Cont.)

11. Typical Biochemical Sensors Ionic Sensors- Sense electrolyte concentration in fluid PH sensor- Sense pH of a fluid Immune Sensor- Integrated into wound dressing and bandages 4. Sweat rate Sensor- Derive the sweat rate gradient along the time

12. Typical biosensors(Cont.) 5. Strain Sensors- Monitor strain on artificial limbs 6. Piezo -resistive Sensor- Developed by Smartex , measure breathing rate & breathing amplitude 7. Piezo -electrical sensor- Contactless sensors measure heart rate, respiration rate, movement of a subject during sleep

13. Advantages DURABLE- have relatively long useful life TINY and COMPACTABLE- Closely packed easily portable CHEAP- Afford by everyone EASY USE- very much easy to use HIGHLY SPECIFIC- Give accurate result

14. Disadvantages HEAT RESPONSE - High temperature may damage it CONTENTS OF CELL - Deposit on reactor or receptor media of cell RESPONSE TIME - Take some minutes or hour RESPONSE TO PH - may impaired by pH

15. Applications Medicine - control metabolites and drugs Clinical chemistry - Used for laboratory safety Environmental - Pollution control and monitoring Pregnancy test Detects the hCG protein in urine. Glucose monitoring device (for diabetes patients) Monitors the glucose level in the blood.

16. Applications (Cont.) 4. Chemical, pharmaceutical, food industry 5. Agriculture 6. Military detection- detect chemical and biological warfare agents Infectous disease biosensor from RBS

17. Future Trends 1. There are number of areas where the unique capabilities of biosensors might be exploited to meet the requirement of environmental monitoring. 2. Advances in such areas such as toxicity, bioavailability and multi-pollutant screening, could when the potential market and allow these techniques to be more competitive. 3. Biosensors should be made smaller more portable and can detect various agent for fall protection.

18. Conclusion It is the dynamic technique used in many fields like food, agricultural, environmental, clinical etc. By this technique enormous problems of science can be solved

19. Thank You