Bio-Intensive Gardening powerpoint presentation

bio intensive gardening

1. BIO-INTENSIVE GARDENING Mary A. Penales Agricultural Technologist Office of the Provincial Agriculturist

2. Vegetables – is an edible, succulent plant parts that comes from seeds, leaf, roots, fruits that can be eaten cooked or raw form which give nutrients/ nourishment to the body

3. Classification of vegetables : A. Solanaceous Vegetables Eggplant Tomatoes Pepper

4. B. Cucurbits Squash Upo Watermelon Patola Ampalaya Cucumber Sayotes Muskmelon Classification of vegetables :

5. C. Brassicas /Leafy Classification of vegetables : Pechay Lettuce Cabbage Mustard

6. Classification of vegetables : D. Legumes Beans Mongo Sitao Snap Beans Peanut

7. E. Root Vegetables Onion Radish Sweet potato Carrots Garlic Gabi Ubi Classification of vegetables :

8. F. Others Classification of vegetables : Okra Malunggay Upland Kangkong Kamansi

9. Components of Vegetable Production: Land – suitable area for production Capital – operating capital Labor Technical Technology

10. Consumption Trend (Vegetables)

11. Bio-Intensive Gardening (BIG) is a biological form of agriculture in which a small piece of land is intensively cultivated & planted with four (4) types of crops using natures oven ingredients to rebuild and maintain soils productivity.

12. Sustainability – food sufficiency at the household level thru higher productivity Recycling of animal/plant wastes and residues Self-reliance in production inputs Space intensive Pest control Elimination of pesticide health hazard Improve nutrition – important role – potential role in fighting malnutrition Labor intensive rather than capital intensive Water conservation Conservation of plant genetic resources Income generation Risk-free ( layo sa kuyaw ) Ecologically sound 13 Characteristics of Vegetable Production Technology:

13. Living Fertilizer Source: Farmyard Manure - NPK – per Animal N – for healthy grown of leaf & flowers P – for healthy grown of roots K – for healthy grown of leaf, flower & stem Manure N P K Carabao /Cattle/Horse 60% 4% 18 Pig 8% 1% 2% Chicken .7% .3% .2% Recycling of Animal Manure & Plant Waste residues:

14. 2. Farm Crop Residue Farm Crop Residue N P K Rice Straw 30% 4% 150% Corn Straw 7% 2% 19% Peanut Hay 34% 3% 38% Madre de Cacao/ Ipil - ipil / Hagonoy 34% 3% 38% Recycling of Animal Manure & Plant Waste residues: 3. Earthworm Cast N – 5% P – 5% K – 5% For: Soil, Acidic, alkaline – soil structure, H2O, holding capacity   4. Ash

15. Nearness to water supply Bed should be laid out along east-west direction to access sunlight Nearness to the house Exposure to sunlight Types of soil (good soil structure) Topography of land Accessibility for easy transport of farm products Selection Sites:

16. Cycle of Stages of Bed: Crop Rotation (1) (2) (3) (4) leaf root legumes Fruit root leaf fruit Legumes legumes fruit root Leaf fruit legumes leaf Root

17. Land Preparation & Field Lay-out Solanaceous Crops ( eggplant, tomato, sweet peeper ) 20 m 0.8 m 1 m B. Brassicas /leafy vegetables/Crucifers/Leafy Vegetables/ Rootcrops 20 m 0.5 m 1 m

18. Land Preparation & Field Lay-out C. Cucurbits 20 m 3 m 1 m Crawling Type (Watermelon, Muskmelon, Squash)

19. Land Preparation & Field Lay-out 20 m 0.7 m 1 m 2. Trellies Type A. Muskmelon, Honeydew, Cucumber B. Ampalaya , Upo , Patola 20 m 4 m 1 m Upo / Patola 3 m Ampalaya

20. Land Preparation & Field Lay-out D. Legumes 20 m 0.7 m 1 m

21. Seedlings Age at Transplanting: Crops Age Day after sowing Ampalaya 10 DAS Watermelon 10 -do- Muskmelon 10 -do- 4. Honeydew 10 -do- 5. Cucumber 10 -do- 6. Upo 10 -do- 7. Patola 10 -do-

22. Seedlings Age at Transplanting: Crops Age Day after sowing Eggplant 21-27 DAS 2. Pepper 27 -do- 3. Cabbage 15-21 -do- 4. Cauliflower 15-21 -do- 5. Pechay 12-15 -do- 6. Lettuce 15-17 -do-

23. Planting Months, Depth & Distance of Common Vegetables: Months Vegetables Planting Depth (cm.) No. of Seeds Seedling Hill Planting Distance (cm) Jan. – Dec. (whole year) Pechay 1-1.5 cm. 1 seedling 10-15 cm. 2. Jan. – Dec. (whole year) Squash 2.3 cm. 2-3 seedlings 40-50 cm. 3. May, June, July, Aug., Oct., Nov. Ampalaya 2.3 cm. 2-3 seedlings 35-50 cm. 4. Jan., March, April, May, June, July, Oct., Dec. Eggplant 2.3 cm. 2-3 seedlings 35-50 cm. 5. Feb., March, May, June, Aug., Sept., Oct., Dec. Pepper 2.3 cm. 1 seedling 20-40 cm.

24. Planting Months, Depth & Distance of Common Vegetables: Months Vegetables Planting Depth (cm.) No. of Seeds Seedling Hill Planting Distance (cm) 6. March, April, May, June, July, Oct., Dec. Cucumber 2 cm. 2-3 seedlings 30-35 cm. 7. Jan., May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec. Tomato 2.3 cm. 1 seedling 30-40 cm. 8. Whole Year Kangkong 1-1.5 cm. 1-2 seedlings 15-20 cm. 9. Whole Year Upo 1-1.5 cm. 2-3 seedlings 40-50 cm. 10. Whole Year Okra 2.3 cm. 1 seedling 35-50 cm. 11. Whole Year Patola 2 cm. 2-3 seedlings 40-50 cm. 12. Jan., Feb., March, April, May, June, Sept., Oct., Dec. Cabbage 1-1.5 cm. 1 seedling 25-35 cm.

25. Planting Months, Depth & Distance of Common Vegetables: Months Vegetables Planting Depth (cm.) No. of Seeds Seedling Hill Planting Distance (cm) 13. Jan., Feb., March, June, July, Oct., Nov., Dec. Chayote 2.3 cm. 2-3 seedlings 20-30 cm. 14. March, April, May, June, Oct. , Dec. Carrots 1-1.5 cm. 1 seedling 15-20 cm. 15. Whole Year Ginger 3-5 cm. 20-30 cm. 16. Whole Year Carabansos 2.3 cm. 2-3 seedlings 20-30 cm. 17. Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec. Garlic 1-1.5 cm. 1 bulb 10-15 cm. 18. Whole Year Onions 2 cm. 1 seedling 10-15 cm. 19. Whole Year Malunggay 7-8 cm. 1 seedling 100-150 cm.

26. Sili nga Halang Mga Sangkap: 1 ka tasa 1 ka litro nga tubig 2 ka kutsara nga sabon o panlaba Salaan Lusong ug alho Pamaagi sa Pag-andam: Dugmokon ang usa ka tasa nga sili (mayo ang hindog) pinaagi sa paglubok Isagol ang usa ka litro nga tubig sa nilubok nga sili Salaon sa nipis nga panapton Sagulan sa duha (2) ka kutsara nga sabon ang sinala na nga sagol Kutawa hangtud matunaw ang sabon Kagamitan: Maayo alang sa mga dangan sa mga utanon ug sa mga ornamentals. Ibomba kon adunay pag-atake sa tanum. Usban kon makita pa ang presensya sa mga dangan. Mga Pamatay Dangan :

27. 2. Tabako Mga Sangkap: ½ kilo nga tabako 2 gal. nga tubig 6 kutsara sabon panglaba Salaan Tadtaran Kutsilyo Pamaagi sa Pag-andam: Hiwaa sa pino ang tabako Humolan sa tubig usa pa gamita Pugaon (sa pagka-ugma) ug dayon salaon sa nipis nga panapton Sagolan sa sabon panglaba. Hulaton nga matunaw Ang resulta mao ang imong ”stock solution” Kagamitan: Lima ka kutsara sa “stock solution“ isagol sa usa ka litro nga tubig. Mahimo nga mapadaghan ang “stock solution“ depende sa kadaghanon sa dangan. Ibomba diretso sa mga dahon diin atua ang mga dangan. Mga Pamatay Dangan :

28. 3. Tubli Mga Sangkap: Bagon ug gamut sa tubli Tubig Tadtaran ug lubkanan Salaan Pamaagi sa Pag-andam: Putol-putolon ug pinohon ang bangon ug gamot sa tubli Lubkon/dugmokon hangtud mogawas ang duga Salaon ang duga sa pino nga panapton Duha ka kutsara nga duga mahimong isagol sa usa ka gallon nga tubig Kagamitan: Ang gisagol mahimo na nga ibomba sa tanum diin giatake sa dangan. Laing Pamaagi sa pag-andam (Tubli) Ibulad ang gipino nga bagon ug gamot sa tubli Lubkon ang mga bagon ug gamut   Paggamit: Ang usa ka gatos (100) ka gramos nga pinong nilobok isagol sa lima ka tasang tubig. Isagol ang tulo ka kutasara nga sabong panglaba. Ang resulta mao ang “stock solution“. And stock solution sagulan sa duha ka gallon nga tubig ug andam na kini nga ibomba sa mga dangan. Mga Pamatay Dangan :

29. 4. Panyawan Mga Sangkap: 1 kilo Bagon sa Panyawan 3 gal. Tubig Tadtaran/Lubkanan Salaan 5 ka kutsara nga sabon Pamaagi sa Pag-andam: Tadtaron sa pagkapino ang presko nga bagon sa panyawan Lubkon aron mapino pag-ayo ug moduga Idugang ang usa ka gallon nga tubig sa dinugmok Salaon ang duga sa pino nga panapton Isagol ang sabon hangtud matunaw Kagamitan: Ang sinagol mao ang stock solution mahimo nga gamiton diretso alang sa mga tanum nga may dangan. Mahimo usab nga dugangan sa tubig. Matag lima ka kutsara sa stock solution isagol sa usa ka lito nga tubig. Epektibo ang panyawan hilabina sa mga dangan sa mga linghod pa nga tanum sama sa tagud sa humay. Mga Pamatay Dangan :

30. 5. Madre de Kakaw o Kakawate Mga Sangkap: 1 ka kilo nga preskong dahon sa madre de kakaw 5 ka litro nga tubig Lubkanan 5 ka kutsara nga sabong panlaba Pamaagi sa Pag-andam: Lubkon ang preskong dahon sa madre de kakaw hangtud mogawas ang duga Isagol ang tubig unya pug-on pag-ayo ang dugmok nga dahon Salaon sa pino nga panapton Isagol unya patunawon ang sabon Kagamitan: Ideretso pagbomba o ibisbis sa tanum nga adunay dangan. Mga Pamatay Dangan :

31. 6. Gaas ug Sabon nga Ibomba Mga Sangkap: ¼ sa tasa nga sabon ¼ kutsara nga gas 1 ka litong tubig Kagamitan: Ibomba sa panahon kon lisod ug gadako ataki sa mga mananap 7. Sabon ug Tubig Mga Sangkap: 3 ka kutsara sabon nga pino 1 ka gallon nga tubig Kagamitan: Ibomba sa mga mananap 8. Abo sa Kahoy Kagamitan: Isabwag ang bag-ong abo (dili init) libot sa gamut sa tanum. Tabunan ug dyutayng yuta. - radish, sibuyas, repolyo, pechay (brassican family) – masumpo pinaagi sa pagsabwag sa abo. Mga Pamatay Dangan :

32. Atis (Anosa Squamosa) Dogmokon ang liso ug sagolan sa tubig. Ibomba kini para sa aphids, hulmigas ug uban pang mananap. Paghimo sa “Botanical“ Patay Dangan : Chrysanthemum - Galingon ang mga bulak ug sagulan sa usa ka gallon nga tubig sa kada 6-7 ka kutsara sa ginaling ug binulad nga bulak. Sagulan ang tinunaw sa pino kayo nga hagkot ug malumoy nga yuta ug ibomba ngadto sa daghang mananap.

33. Kamatis – Pabukalon ang tubig dayon ilunod ang lindog ug dahon pabugnawon . Ibomba para sa ulod ug sa itom on berde nga langaw . Mao usab kini ang makaasdang sa umaabot nga dangan . Paghimo sa “Botanical“ Patay Dangan : Lantara Camara – Putlon ang sanga , ibulad sa init ug sunogon . Ibutang ang abu ngadto sa dahon sa tanom aron masugpo ang mga bakukang ug ulod .

34. Soro-soro (Euphorbia Neciflora) – Gamiton ang puting duga para masugpo ang dangan. Paghimo sa “Botanical“ Patay Dangan : Mint – Oregano ug uban pang mga baho ug tambal nga tanom . Itanom kini palibot sa garden . Ang ilang isog nga baho maoy makapahawa sa mga mananap . Kining maong mga tanom mahimo usab nga gamiton ug panakot o tambal . Sa kada 100 ka metro kuwadrado , pagtanom sa 8-10 ka mari gold sa kadaplinan ug isuklip sa pagtanom ang 20-25 ka lusok sa ahos o sibuyas Bombay.

35. In the Philippines, there are ten (10) Department of Health (DOH) approved herbal medicines. These herbs are the following: 1. Lagundi (Vitex negundo) Uses and Preparation: Asthma, Cough and Fever – Decoction (boil raw fruits or leaves in 2 glasses of water for 15 minutes) Dysentery, Colds & Pain – Decoction (Boil a handful of leaves & flowers in water to produce a glass, three times a day. Skin Diseases (dermatitis, scabies, ulcer, eczema) – wash & clean the skin/wound with the decoction. Headache – crush leaves may be applied on the forehead. Rheumatism, sprain, confusions, insect bites – pound the leaves and apply on affected area. Herbal Medicines :

36. 2. Yerba (Hierba) Buena (Mentha cordifelia) Uses and Preparation: Pain (headache and stomachache) – Boil chopped leaves in 2 glasses of water for 15 minutes. Divide decoction into 2 parts, drink one part every 3 hours. Rheumatism, arthritis and headache – crush the fresh leaves and squeeze sap. Massage sap on painful parts with eucalyptus. Cough & Cold – Soak 10 fresh leaves in a glass of hot water, drink as tea. (expectorant) Swollen gums – Steep 6 grams of fresh plant in a glass of boiling plant for 30 minutes. Use as gargle solution. Toothache – Cut fresh plant and squeeze sap. Soak a piece of cotton in the sap and insert this in aching tooth cavity. Menstrual & Gas Pain – Soak a handful of leaves in a glass of boiling water. Drink infusion. Nausea & Fainting – Crush leaves and apply juice on affected area or pound leaves until like a paste, rub on affected area. Pruritus – Boil plant alone or eucalyptus in water. Use decoction as a wash on affected area. Herbal Medicines :

37. 3. Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) Uses and Preparation: Anti-edema, diuretic, anti-urolithiasis – boil chopped leaves in glass of water for 15 minutes until one glassful remains. Divide decoction into 3 parts, drink one part 3 times a day. Diarrhea – chop leaves and boil in a glass of water for 15 minutes. Drink one part every 3 hours. Herbal Medicines : 4. Niyug - Niyogan ( Quisqualis indica L.) Uses and Preparation: Anti- helmintic – the seeds are taken 2 hours after supper. If no worms are expelled, the dose maybe repeated after one week. (Caution: Not to be given to children below 4 years old)

38. 5. Bayabas/Guava (Pesidium guava L.) Uses and Preparation: For washing wounds – Maybe used twice a day Diarrhea – May be taken 3-4 times a day A gargle for toothache – Warm decoction is used for gargle. Freshly pounded leaves are used for toothache. Boil chopped leaves for 15 minutes at low fire. Do not cover and then let it cook and strain. Herbal Medicines : 6. Akapulko (Cassia, alata L.) Uses and Preparation: Anti-fungal ( tinea flave , ringworm, athletes’ foot and scables ) – fresh, matured leaves and pounded. Apply soap to the affected area 1-2 times a day.

39. 7. Ulasimang Bato (Peperonica pellucida) Uses and Preparation: Lowers uric acid (rheumatism and gout) – One a half cup leaves are boiled in two glass of water over low fire. Do not cover pot. Divide into 3 parts and drink one part 3 times a day. Herbal Medicines : 8. Bawang / Garlic Uses and Preparation: Hypertension – Maybe fried, roasted, soaked in vinegar for 30 minutes, or blanched in boiled water for 15 minutes. Take 2 pieces 3 times a day after meals. Toothache – Pound a small piece and apply to affected area

40. 9. Tsaang Gubat (Carmona retusa ) Uses and Preparation: Diarrhea – Boil chopped leaves into 2 glasses of water for 15 minutes. Divide decoction into 4 parts. Drink 1 part every 3 hours. Stomachache – Boil chopped leaves in 1 glass of water for 15 minutes. Cool and strain. Herbal Medicines : 10. Ampalaya Uses and Preparation: Hypertension – Maybe fried, roasted, soaked in vinegar for 30 minutes, or blanched in boiled water for 15 minutes. Take 2 pieces 3 times a day after meals. Toothache – Pound a small piece and apply to affected area

41. If possible, buy herbs that are grown organically – without pesticides. Medicinal parts of plants are best harvested on sunny mornings. Avoid picking leaves, fruits or nuts during and after heavy rainfall. After harvesting, if drying is required, it is advisable to dry the plant parts either in the oven or air-dried or screens above ground and never on concrete floors. Store plant parts in sealed plastic bags or brown bottles in a cool dry place without sunlight preferably with a moisture absorbent material like charcoal. Leaves and other plant parts that are prepared properly, well-dried and stored can be used up to six months. Tips on Handling Medicinal Plants/Herbs :

42. Use only half the dosage prescribed for fresh parts like leaves when using dried parts. Do not use stainless steel utensils when boiling decoctions. Only use earthen, enameled, glass or alike utensils. As a rule of thumb, when boiling leaves and other plant parts, do not cover the pot, boil in low flame. Decoctions loose potency after some time. Dispose of decoctions after one day. To keep fresh during the day, keep lukewarm in flask or thermos. Tips for Preparation for Intake of Herbal Medicines:

43. “Salamat kang Nanay sa Pagpakaon Kanakog Utan” Kani-adtong bata pa ko, kanunay mag-ingon si Nanay nga lahi kuno ang gipadako sa utan… Mas mahimsog ug mas mabaskog ang lawas. Mao nga ako gipadako ni Nanay sa utan dili kompleto ang among kan-onon kung walay sagol nga utan sama sa tangkong, kalbasa, paliya, batong, kamatis, kamunggay ug uban pa. Bisag karon nga doktora na ako, kanunay gihapon akong pakaonon ni Nanay ug utan… Matud pa niya, tibuok kinabuhi mahimsog ako ug layo sa sakit Haaayyy, lahi gyud magmahal ni Nanay Salamat na lang kay iya akong gipadako sa pagpakaon ug utan “Yes” – kita sa utanon kaon sa hustong pagkaon Message from the Department of Agriculture:

44. DAGHANG SALAMAT !!!