Biochemical_Basis_of_Diseases_Part3.pptx

Biochemical_Basis_of_Diseases_Part3.pptx

1. Liver Biochemistry and Disease • Major roles: metabolism, detoxification, protein synthesis. • Disorders: hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty liver disease. • Biochemical markers: ALT, AST, bilirubin.

2. Kidney Biochemistry and Disease • Functions: filtration, electrolyte balance, acid-base homeostasis. • Disorders: acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease. • Markers: BUN, creatinine, GFR estimation.

3. Heart Biochemistry and Disease • Energy from fatty acid oxidation. • Myocardial infarction: troponins, CK-MB rise. • Atherosclerosis: LDL oxidation, plaque formation.

4. Brain Biochemistry and Disease • Neurotransmitter metabolism (dopamine, serotonin). • Disorders: Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, epilepsy. • Markers: CSF analysis, amyloid-beta, tau protein.

5. Muscle Biochemistry and Disease • Creatine phosphate for quick energy. • Disorders: Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mitochondrial myopathies. • Markers: Creatine kinase (CK), lactate levels.

6. Endocrine Glands and Hormonal Disorders • Glands: thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, pituitary. • Disorders: hypothyroidism, Cushing’s, Addison’s disease. • Hormone assays: TSH, cortisol, insulin.

7. Pancreatic Biochemistry in Diabetes • Insulin and glucagon regulation of glucose. • Type 1 vs Type 2 Diabetes: pathogenesis and biochemistry. • Markers: HbA1c, fasting glucose, insulin levels.

8. Lung Biochemistry and Respiratory Disorders • Surfactant production (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine). • Disorders: COPD, asthma, ARDS. • Blood gases, oxygen saturation, pH regulation.

9. Skin and Biochemical Disorders • Melanin synthesis, collagen structure. • Disorders: vitiligo, albinism, scurvy (vitamin C deficiency). • Biochemical markers: copper, tyrosinase activity.

10. Organ-Specific Disorders Summary Table • Organ | Key Function | Disease | Biomarker • Liver | Detox | Cirrhosis | ALT, Bilirubin • Brain | Neurotransmitters | Alzheimer’s | Tau, Amyloid • Pancreas | Glucose control | Diabetes | Insulin, HbA1c