biochemietry apllications in life - .pptx

application of biochemistry in life

1. BIOCHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS IN LIFE

2. Most notably, biochemistry had a significant impact on the medical ,pharmaceutical fields and everyday life. Many products and processes in our daily lives are enabled by our detailed understanding of biochemistry.

3. IN agrochemicals, biochemical research has contributed greatly to the improvement of food quality and security. providing agrochemicals and creating crops that are more resistant to pests and diseases, and preparing foods that promote human health, such as prebiotics and probiotics.

4. It is essential to understand the relation biochemistry has to health and disease for it has been crucial in discovering various diseases as well as in developing treatments.

5. Biochemical analysis of blood and enzymes is used to detect and monitor diseases. It facilitates the development of pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and diagnostic tests.

6. Among the elements that have been very useful in developing treatments and diagnostics are enzymes. For organs that require a constant supply of oxygen, such as the brain and heart, a blood clot can be life-threatening. These clots are usually removed through dissolving, by means of enzymes that can break them down.

7. Patients suffering from indigestion may be given gastrointestinal tract enzymes such as pepsin, trypsin, and lipase to treat gastrointestinal diseases.

8. In addition to using enzymes to treat diseases, they are also used to make diagnosis and prognosis. The most common HIV test uses blood to detect an HIV infection, which is called an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to test a patient’s blood .

9. in the 1960s, American biochemist Stuart Linn and Swiss microbiologist Werner Arber , discovered that bacteria have a defense mechanism against attacking viruses .Bacteria could protect themselves by producing endonucleases, known as "restriction enzymes". Which could seek out a single DNA sequence in the virus and cut it off precisely in one place, preventing the death of the infected bacteria

10. Shortly after, the first protocol for producing recombinant DNA was created . cutting and pasting genes was introduced to medical treatment for viruses and recombinant DNA inserted into bacteria for replication.

11. The basic steps involved in gene cloning are: 1. Isolation of desired DNA fragment by using restriction enzymes 2. Insertion of the DNA fragment into a suitable vector, like plasmid, to make recombinant DNA 3. Transfer of rDNA into bacterial host cell, transformation 4. Selection and multiplication of recombinant host cell to get a clone 5. Expression of cloned gene in the host cell.

12. Using these strategies, several enzymes, hormones, and vaccines can be produced. One of its earliest applications in the pharmaceutical industry was the use of gene-splicing technology to produce insulin .

13. For Genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology they have not only played a big role in advancing medicine, but they have also led to significant advancements in the agriculture industry. These advancements brought about the development of genetically modified crops, improving agricultural productivity and disease resistance

14. More and more studies are finding strong connections between diet, gut health and the microbiome, as well as various diseases. The field of nutritional biochemistry centers around investigating the mechanisms underpinning these interactions between diet and diseases Biochemistry in Nutrition

15. According to recent research, the Mediterranean diet is associated with better overall mental and physical health than Western diets, often associated with unhealthy eating patterns. Recent evidence also suggests that the green Mediterranean diet is more strongly associated with better mental health than the classical Mediterranean diet. This diet is rich in all of the important daily minerals and vitamins needed for our health

16. In the United States, folic acid deficiency is probably the most common vitamin deficiency, especially among pregnant women and alcoholics. A deficiency in folic acid can lead to anemia, a condition in which the blood has lower-than-normal concentrations of hemoglobin. This results in a reduced ability of the blood cells to transport oxygen.

17. Nutritional biochemistry has provided insight into how nutrients influence the growth, development, and function of cells and tissues as well. Several studies have shown the importance of nutrients in the metabolic system and in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Some studies have shown that external stress responses can affect the internal homeostasis of a cell, which can lead to triggering the onset of diseases. Therefore it is important to maintain metabolic nutrition for our cells and tissues.

18. A great deal of evidence has been generated by nutritional biochemistry regarding the role of diet in the development of cancer. Until now, genetics has been viewed as one of the most important influences in cancer development. Moreover, genetic factors, such as DNA instability and gene alterations, have been shown to be influenced by nutrition and diet. Nutritional experts suggest adding foods that contain phytochemicals, also known as phytonutrients, to a person's. These compounds are known to help prevent chronic diseases such as cancer.

19. Biochemistry in Cleaning Products Detergents are synthetically derived compounds, i.e. sulfates and sulphonic acids which are derived from petroleum, dyes, perfumes, phosphates and many more substrates. They also generally contain different types of biodegradable enzymes such as proteases, amylases, lipase, cellulases, mannanases , and pectinases

20. The action of enzymes in detergents helps break down stains and organic materials, making the cleaning process more effective. To improve stain-fighting performance, different enzyme types have been combined. The advantage of detergents over soap is that they can be used with hard water as well as in acidic conditions. A wide range of enzyme products are available as liquid formulations with stabilization systems for liquid detergents as well as encapsulated granules for powder detergents and soap bars.

21. Chemically, soaps are fatty acid salts since they are composed of an ionic head and a nonpolar glyceride tail. Soaps are made from animal fats or vegetable oils. These products contain glyceryl esters o long-chain fatty acids also known as glycerides. They consist of one, two, or three fatty acids esterified on glycerol, and hence are referred to as mono-, di-, and triglycerides,

22. Application of Biochemistry in Forensics DNA is unique to each individual. When reproductive cells develop and fertilize, sets of individual chromosomes are transmitted to the offspring in so many different combinations that there is no way for any two individuals to share the same DNA . In cases involving the issue of identity, DNA tests alone, without supporting evidence, have sometimes been sufficient for convictions. Today, DNA evidence almost always suffices for exonerating wrongly convicted individuals

23. There are many body tissues or fluids that contain DNA that can be used as DNA evidence. When determining if DNA from the scene of a crime matches the suspect's or victim's DNA, two major types of testing are used. One technique is known as DNA fingerprinting and the other is polymer chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by hybridization or sequencing. The evidence gathered from crime scenes can be compared with tissue samples taken from suspects.

24. DNA Fingerprinting There are small differences between each person's base pairs, which makes their DNA sequence unique. For this reason, DNA fingerprinting is the faster and more straightforward method for comparing genetic differences between two individuals . DNA fingerprinting is widely used in forensic crime investigations, to identify culprits or accessories to crimes. It is also used for paternity testing in cases of dispute. DNA fingerprinting is also used to study the genetic diversity of populations, evolution and speciation

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