Biodiesel

biodiesel production by transesterification

1. Presentation on Presented by :- Maulik Ramani Department of Renewable Energy Engineering

2. It is a renewable and natural domestic fuel extracted from animal fats or vegetable oils, mostly from Soya bean Rapeseed Jatropha Palm oil Biodiesel is a general name given for methyl esters obtained from organic feedstock. What is Biodiesel?

3. It is biodegradable, renewable and nontoxic in nature. Extremely low emission of greenhouse gases as compared to fossil fuels. Increase in trade balance (Indian perspective) due to lesser dependence on foreign resources. Promoting environmental protection & energy security in the country. Environmental and Socio Economic Benifits

4. Meeting climate change commitments. Growing variety of crops increases bio diversity. Promoting renewable energy sources. Generating rural employment opportunities.

5. Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils or animal fats and an alcohol, through a transesterification reaction. Stages of Transesterification: Treatment of raw material Alcohol catalyst mixing Chemical reaction Separation of reaction products Purification of reaction products Biodiesel Production Process

6. Transesterification is a chemical reaction where triglyceride is reacted with alcohol in the presence of catalyst to produce alkyl esters. Transesterification Process Vegetable Oil Biodiesel Fatty Acid Alcohol Glycerin

7. Biodiesel Production Process

8. Plants are able to produce seeds between 1 and 5 years depending on soil fertility and rainfall, and continue to produce seeds for more than 20 years. Seed yield under cultivation can range from 1,500 to 2,000 kg per hectare. The seeds contain average 34.4% oil by weight that can be processed to produce a high quality biodiesel fuel. Jatropha - Suited Raw Material

9. The yield of biodiesel per hectare for Jatropha is more than four times as much fuel per hectare as soybean, and up to ten times to that of corn.

10. Blending is the process of mixing of biodiesel fuel with petroleum-based diesel fuel , designated as BXX. where XX is the volume percent of biodiesel. Blending of Biodiesel

11. Conventional Use Biodiesel can be used as pure form (B100) or mixed with diesel in all new diesel engines. For older engines produced before 1993 some modification is required as rubber made valves caps and pipes dissolves in biodiesel.

12. Hydrogen fuel cell Microreactor to produce hydrogen stream for HFC. Cleaning up Oil Spills Cytosol used to clean and dissolve crude oil spills. Generating electricity Backup generator using B100. Home Heating B20 reduces emission of SOx emissions from boilers used to heat home. Unconventional Use

13. Disadvantages of Biodiesel Slightly higher fuel consumption due to the lower calorific value of biodiesel. Slightly higher nitrous oxide ( NOx ) emissions than diesel fuel. Higher freezing point than diesel fuel. This may be inconvenient in cold climates. It is less stable than diesel fuel, and therefore long-term storage (more than six months) of biodiesel is not recommended.

14. Environmental Constraints A considerable debate exists over the magnitude of direct and indirect GHG emissions from biofuels . The intensive cultivation of energy crops is expected to produce adverse environmental impacts on soil and groundwater, and to result in deforestation and loss of biodiversity. Constraints to Biodiesel Development

15. Trade Constraints First generation biofuels are rarely economically competitive with petroleum fuels. Rising demand for vegetable oil, under pressure from the biofuel mandate, has resulted in a rapid increase in vegetable oil prices with negative impacts on biofuel costs and food prices.

16. Food security Constraints Biofuel feedstock production competes with food, fibre and timber for land, water and fertilizers. This competition could affect food security. Demand for feedstock crops such as maize and sugarcane has contributed significantly to global food price volatility, especially in grain markets.

17. As there appears to be a general agreement that the era of cheap oil’ has ended, it is essential for India to look for alternative (renewable fuel) options such as biofuels (Biodiesel and Bioethanol ) to provide energy security and environment protection. Conclusions

18. Thank You