Biodiversity Hotspots in India

This presentation is a depiction of ecological biodiversity in India. It includes basic understanding the meaning of biodiversity, discussing about the 4 hotspots in India, also discussing the habitat if each hotspots. A map is represented as well to know the locations of the hotspots, and the threatens are also discussed along with the solutions. Overall this is an outstanding nature based project with attractive visuals to stick the eyes of viewer to the presentation.

1. Hotspot of Biodiversity
in India
Presented By:
Arijit Dhali

2. Introduction
A brief description
about the topic
“Biodiversity Hotspot”
About
Major “Biodiversity
Hotspots” in India
Approach
Strategies to conserve
“Biodiversity Hotspots”
Conclusion
Short recap of the
topic “Biodiversity
Hotspot”
The Contents

3. Biodiversityis referred to as the variation of plant and animal
species in a particular habitat. Speciesevenness and species
richnessform the major components of biodiversity.
Indiais known for its rich biodiversity and has around 24.46% of
the geographical area covered by forests and trees.
As coined by Norman Myers, the term “Biodiversity Hotspots”
specifically refers to25 biologically rich areas around the
world that have lost at least 70 percent of their original
habitat.
Introduction to Biodiversity

4. Biodiversity Hotspot
in India
ComingtoIndia,itisoneofthetopmega-diversecountriesintheworld.Thereisavastrangeof
biodiversity–over91,000speciesofanimals,and45,500plantspecieshavebeendocumentedin
India.InupcomingslideswewilldiscussthebiodiversitydistributioninthefourhotspotsofIndia.Two
ofthese:TheIndo-BurmaregionandSundalandarenotstrictlyconfinedwithinthepolitical
boundariesofIndiabutarepresentinSouthAsia.
ThemajorreasonsforarichdiversityintheseIndianbiodiversityhotspotsarethesuitableclimatic
conditions,fertilesoil,suitabletemperature,ampleamountofrains,whichallowsthegrowthof
differentplants.Theseareasarecoveredwithdensevegetationoftropical,sub-tropicalforests,
densesavannagrasslands.
Theyaremarkedwithmajorriversofthecountry,havethefertilealluvialtypeofsoilandhencesupport
greatanimalandplantvariety.Theseregionsarehighlyecologicallyandenergeticallyproductive.

5. Biodiversity
Hotspots
in
India

6. •In India it coversJammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand,
Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya.
•More than 7.4 Lakh km
2
area wise expanse of the Himalayas. Only left with
1.88 L km
2
of area for vegetation, under which 1.12 L km
2
is protected.
•It houses more than 10,000plant species, 300mammals, 970birds, 105
amphibians, 170reptiles and 270freshwater fishes.
•Among these, 3100endemic plant species and 8, 4, 4threatened species of
birds, mammals, amphibiansrespectively.
•Himalayan Tigers, Snow leopard, Asiatic Elephant, One-horned
Rhinoceros, Red Panda, Swamp deer, Water Buffalo, Indian Hornbill,
Black-necked Crane, etc are endemic but treated animals.
•Therapeutic plants like Himalayan Yew, Blue-Poppy, Snow Lotus are over
exploited.
•The primarythreat to the Himalayan biodiversity is anthropogenicactivity.
Whereas deforestationand overgrazingare secondarycauses.
The Himalayas

7. •Covers the North-eastern statesof India.
•It stretches across 23Lakh km
2
of area. However, the area left for
vegetationis merely 1.18 L km
2
.
•The region houses over 13,500plant species, over 430mammals, 1,260
birds, 520reptiles, 290amphibiansand 1,260freshwater fishes.
•Around 7,000plant species and almost half of each category of animals
are endemic in nature.
•The reason for depletion of diversity is mainlydue to agricultural
activities, commercial plantations. Also fisherieshave led to a
decrease in mangrovecover. Due to this, only 5% of the original habitat
is remaining.
•Species such as Pygmy Loris, Delacour’s leaf monkey, Saola, the
White-eyed River Martin, Giant Ibis, Vietnamese Gecko, etc lies in
category of critically endangered species.
The Indo-Burma Region

8. •It covers across the Nicober group of islands when comes to India.
•It stretches across 15 Lakh km
2
area. Only 1 Lkm
2
remaining for
vegetation. while area under protectionis 1.79 L km
2
.
•It provides shelter for 25,000plant species, 380mammals, 770birds,
450reptiles, 245amphibians and 950freshwater fishes.
•Around 15,000of plants and almost half of mammals and reptiles are
endemic to the region.
•These islands are an abode to unique orchidsand tropical plant species
of high economic value, like oil, palm, rubber, etc.
•Turtles, Pangolins, Orangutans, Tigers, Rhinoceros, The Bali Starling,
Straw Headed Bulbul and many more are the endangered species
here.
•The biodiversity hotspot faces red danger and has lost most of its habitat
due to deforestation, intensive commercial agriculture, man-made
forest fires, extensive illegal hunting and poaching of animals.
The Sundaland

9. •Western Ghats (The Sahayadri range) is one of the latest additions to
the list of biodiversity hotspots in India.
•The Western Ghats span over an area of 1.6 lakh km
2
, running parallel to
the Western Coastline of India, from Gujaratto Kerala.
•There are over 7,000plant species in the Western Ghats, of which about
5,600are endemic.
•The endangered and vulnerable species include Nilgiri Tahr, Lion-tailed
Macaque, Parakeets, Laughing Thrush Birds and more.
•Human interference is the primary cause for the depletion of
vegetation. However, deforestation, commercial plantation and
overgrazingare the major causes too.
The Western Ghats

10. Biodiversity Hotspot Mapping
The Himalayas
The Indo-Burma
Region
The Sundaland
The Western Ghats

11. Strategies to conserve biodiversity hotspots in India
Abiding the following strategies we can conserve the Biodiversity Hotspots in India:
•All the varieties of food, timber plants, livestock, microbesand agricultural animals should be limited.
•All the economically important organisms should be identifiedand conserved.
•Unique ecosystems should be preservedfirst.
•The resourcesshould be utilized efficiently.
•Poachingand huntingof wild animals should be prevented.
•The reservesand protectedareas should be developed carefully.
•The levels of pollutantsshould be reducedin the environment.
•Deforestationshould be strictly prohibited.
•Environmental laws should be followed strictly.
•The usefuland endangered species of plantsand animalsshould be conserved in their natureas well as
artificial habitats.
•Public awareness should be created regarding biodiversity conservation and its importance.

12. Conclusion
Mostbiodiversityresourcesareconsumedbyhumans,soitistheirprimaryresponsibility
topreserveandprotectbiodiversitytoprotecttheearth.Therichnessofthespecies,the
ecosystem,theenvironmentandthesustainablegrowthoflifeonearthisimportant.

13. Bibliography
•https://pscnotes.in/biodiversity-hotspots-in-india/
•https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/biodiversity/
•https://byjus.com/biology/biodiversity-conservation/

14. For your kind attention towards my Presentation