biofloc fish technology.pptx

hafiz m waseem
b.sc
m.sc zoology
m.phil zoology

1. Biofloc Fish Technology Fish Seed Hatchery Bahawalpur Pakistan Hafiz M Waseem B.Sc Bahawudin University Multan M.Sc Zoology University Of Education Lahore M.Phil Zoology University Of Agriculture Faisalabad

2. Introduction What is Biofloc ? Biofloc is a heterogeneous aggregate of suspended particles and variety of microorganisms associated with extracellular polymeric substances. It is composed of microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi, invertebrates and detritus, etc History The first BFT was developed in 1970s at ifremer -cop ( french research institute for exploitation of the sea, oceanic center of pacific). Israel and usa ( waddell mariculture center) also started research and development with tilapia respectively in the late 1980s and 1990s. ( Mr.Gajendraprabhu since 2017)

3. What is BFT? 1. We limit water exchange. 2. Organic residues accumulate. 3. We mix and aerate. 4 Ideal conditions for bacteria. 5 Bacteria control water quality. 6. Fish eat bacteria . 7. Feed is recycled.

4. How does it work? • Heterotrophic bacteria feed on organic matter. C6H12O6 + 6O 2 6 CO2+ Energy • BUT Bacteria are made of protein so they need nitrogen • They use the Chemical energy in organic substrates. Consume oxygen (Though there are anaerobic bacteria).

5. What is the principle ? It maintain the higher C-N ratio by adding carbohydrate source. water quality is improved through the production of high quality single cell microbial protein. Heterotrophic microbial growth occurs which assimilates the nitrogenous waste that can be exploited by the cultured species as a feed. It is a protein rich live feed formed as a result of conversion of unused feed and excrete into a natural food in a culture system on exposure to sunlight and vigorous aeration.

6. What is the goals of BFT ? The prime goal of aquaculture expensionmust to produce more aquaculture products without significantly increasing the usage of the basic natural resources of water and land. the second goal is to develop sustainable aquaculture systems that will not damage the environment. the third goal is to build up system providing an aquitable cost/benefit ratio to support conomic and social sustainability. All these three requirements for sustainable aquaculture development can be met by biofloc technology

7. What are the outcomes?? 1. We waste Feed/Money (Quite a lot!) • 2. Toxic residues ( Sulphides , Ammonia etc) accumulate. • 3. Fish growth is affected. • 4. Intensification is limited

8. Composition and Nutritional Value of Biofloc Floc size range from 50 – 200 micron. The dry weight protein ranges from 25 – 50%. fat ranges 0.5 – 15%. It is a good source of vitamins and minerals, particularly phosphorous.

9. Manipulating bacteria Normally, there is enough nitrogen in ponds for new cell production. BUT we can add carbon rich and protein poor material ( carbo -hydrate, CH), such as starch or cellulose (flour, molasses, cassawa etc. Then, there is a need for nitrogen. The way to do it: Keep C/N ratio higher than 10 The bacteria now take the nitrogen from the water and control water quality

10. Carbon-Nitrogen (CN) Ratio with Zero Water Exchange The CN Ratio Calculation is based on Fish Feed Protein Percentage and the below chart shows the CN Ratio of the feed materials ( Avnimelech , 2009). Protein Percentage (%)          CN Ratio 15                                             21.5 20                                            16.1 25                                            12.9 30                                             10.8 35                                            9.2 40                                            8.1 As per the reported literature, the CN Ratio of 10:1 and 15:1 are more successful. It has been reported that CN Ratio of 10:1 does not require even water exchange.

11. Composition and nutritional valuesof feed

12. Carbon/nitrogen ratio as a control element in aquaculture systems One of the major water quality problems in intensive aquaculture systems is the accumulation of toxic inorganic nitrogenous species NH4 and NO in the water . (Colt and Armstrong, 1981 ). One of the common solutions used to remove the excessive nitrogen is to frequently exchange and replace the pond water. This approach is limited for three reasons: Environmental regulations prohibit the release of the nutrient rich water into the environment; The danger of introducing pathogens into the external water; The high expense of pumping huge amounts of water.

13. Continue………. The effects of changing the C/N ratio in the feed on the growth and feed utilization in tilapia. In the first experiment tilapia grown in tanks were fed by either: Conventional feed pellets with 30% protein; Pellets made of wheat meal 10% protein ; and Feeding with 10% protein pellets at one-half the daily ratios as compared to treatment II , amended by daily additions of cellulose powder and Protein, fat and stable carbon isotopes were determined in fish tissue at the end of the experimental period ( Avnimelech et al., 1989)

14. Removal of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrate and total organic carbon (TOC) from aquaculture wastewater using electrochemical technology: M.R. Hasan , N. Ghazali , et al (2005).

15. The nitrogen syndrome N NH3 NH4 NO2 NO3 Organic N Ammonium is excreted by fish NH3 and NO2 are toxic

16. Summary Of Reported Estimates Of Production Performance From Various Biofloc Systems Tilapia Stocking density: 20-25 fingerlings/ m 3 Aeration (hp/ha): 130-150 Sustainable feeding rate (kg/ha/day):1750-2000 Carrying capacity:15-20kg/ m 3 (Hargreaves, 2013)

17. CARBON TO NITROGEN RATIO C:N = 15 : 1 ( Emerenciano et al., 2017) C: N = 20:1 ( Intech , 2017) EXTERNAL SOURCES OF CARBON Molasses and sugar 17

18. Water Quality Parameters Dissolved oxygen. Temperature pH Total ammonia nitrogen. Nitrite. Nitrate. Orthophosphate . Alkalinity . (Above 4 mg L -1 ) (28-30 C for tropical species) (6.8-8.0) (Less than 1 mg L -1 ) (Less than 1 mg L -1 ) (0.5-20 mg L -1 ) (0.5-20 mg L -1 ) (Above 100 mg L -1 ) ( Emerenciano , 2020)

19. Floc measurement using Imhoff cone 20–50 mL L −1 (juveniles and adult tilapia)

20. Control biofloc Black floc Brown floc Green floc

21. Floc development stages in ponds Stage 1: floc found but cannot measured(subjective) Stage 2:floc found in small quantity< 1.0ml/ litre Stage 3:floc found abundance < 1.0-5.0ml/ litre Stage 4: floc found abundance 5.1-10.0ml/ litre Stage 5: floc found abundance > 10.1ml/ litre

22. Benefits: FlocBiotic is a rich probiotic used in BioFloc Fish Farming, it is a naturally occurring bacteria, nutrients, micro and macro minerals which helps in the growth of floc , phytoplankton and natural blooms. It creates and maintains high water quality to create an ideal environment for the better growth of aquatic animals. It oxidises ammonia to form nitrates. Enhances natural nitrification cycle to convert nitrates into Nitric oxide, Nitrous oxide and harmless nitrogen. It improves the uptake of nutrients and their retention in the soil. It converts complex compounds to simple form for easy bio degradation. It is effective in wide range of salinity (0-50ppt) and pH. Functions well in >28 Degree C to 50 Degree C It is An Extraordinary blend of multi strain Probiotic synthesized for Biofloc Formation. Quickly Utilizes Nitrogenous Wastes Transforming Them into Digestible Proteins. Helps to the Increase the number of Favorable Multi Strain Microbial Community

23. Advantages: 1. Zero water exchange- less than 100% exchange for whole culture period. 2. Production (carrying capacity) 5-10% above than traditional system. 3. FCR low between 1.0 to 1.3. 4. Production cost lowered by around 15-20%. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY 23

24. Disadvantages: 1. High energy input 2. Power failure critically maximum upto one hour at any time (better zero hour failure) 3. Technology similar but more advance therefore, requires trained technicians. 24

25. References Avnimelech , Y., 1998. Minimal discharge from intensive fish ponds. World Aquacult . 29, 32–37. Avnimelech , Y., Lacher , M., 1979. A tentative nutrient balance for intensive fish ponds. Bamidgeh 31, 3–8. Avnimelech , Y., Mokady , S., 1988. Protein biosynthesis in circulated fishponds. In: Pullin , R.S.V., Bhukaswan , Tonguthai , K., Maclean, J.J. Eds. , The Second International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. Ž . ICLARM Conference Proceedings, Vol. 15, pp. 301–309. Avnimelech , Y., Troeger , W.W., Reed, L.W., 1982. Mutual flocculation of algae and clay: evidence and implications. Science 216, 63–65. Avnimelech , Y., Mokady , S., Schroeder, G.L., 1989. Circulated ponds as efficient bioreactors for single cell protein production. Bamidgeh 41, 58–66. 4] A. Nora'aini , M.A. Wahab , A. Jusoh , M.R. Hasan , N. Ghazali , K. Kamaruzaman , Treatment of aquaculture wastewater using ultra-low pressure asymmetric polyethersulfone (PES) membrane, Desalination 185 (2005) 317–326. [5] J.A. Camargo , A. Alonso, A. Salamanca, Nitrate toxicity to aquatic animals: a review with new data for freshwater invertebrates, Chemosphere 58 (2005) 1255–1267. [6] Y.N. Fernandez, E. Maranon, J. Soons , L. Castrillon , Denitrification of wastewater containing high nitrate and calcium concentrations, Bioresour . Technol. 99 (2008) 7976–7981.