Biofuel production from Microbial Sources.pptx

Microbial Biofuel

1. Biofuels

2. Yeast 2015; 32: 583–593.DOI: 10.1002/yea.3082 Potential biofuels are: medium-chain alcohols or short branched-chain alkanes in place of gasoline fatty acid alcohols and esters, alkanes orcyclic isoprenoids in place of diesel linear isoprenoids or branched alkanes as replacements for jet fuel Ethanol is the only true bulk product and biosynthesis of any other compound requires considerable metabolic rearrangements. Fatty acids and fatty acid-derived products. Fatty acids (FAs), synthesized from acetyl-CoA, are important precursors for synthesizing triacylglycerols (TAGs) as well as various other chemicals with a potential for biofuels, including fatty alcohols (FALs), fatty acid methyl esters(FAMEs), fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) and alkanes. Terpenoids . Their biosynthesis proceeds from acetyl-CoA via the mevalonate pathway, with branch points leading to molecules such as sterols and monoterpenes , sesquiterpenes and other non-steroid terpenoid compounds. Oleaginous yeasts, described as those capable of accumulating more than 20% of cell dry weight in lipids. Some desirable properties of Oleaginous yeasts include: chemical inhibitors present in hydrolysates from lignocellulosic biomass and residues ability to efficiently consume all the major carbon sources present capacity to produce lipids with adequate composition in high yields Types of biofuels

3. Types of biofuels (shown in red circles) and biosynthetic pathways

4. Metabolic pathways for alcohol-based biofuels Metabolic pathways used for the production of isoprenoid -based biofuels.

5. Metabolic pathways used for the production of fatty-acid- and polyketide -derived biofuels

6. The pathways involved in lipid synthesis (de novo and ex novo synthesis)

7. Metabolic pathways of xylose assimilation and lipid synthesis in yeast

8. Metabolic pathways involved in glycerol catabolism for the production of lipids

9. Lipid production by various oleaginous yeasts based on hydrolysates of lignocellulosic biomasses.

10. References: Peralta- Yahya , P. P., Zhang, F., Del Cardayre , S. B., & Keasling , J. D. (2012). Microbial engineering for the production of advanced biofuels.  Nature ,  488 (7411), 320-328. Petrovič , U. (2015). Next‐generation biofuels: a new challenge for yeast.  Yeast ,  32 (9), 583-593 . Liu , Z., Moradi , H., Shi, S., & Darvishi , F. (2021). Yeasts as microbial cell factories for sustainable production of biofuels.  Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews ,  143 , 110907 . Keasling , J., Garcia Martin, H., Lee, T. S., Mukhopadhyay , A., Singer, S. W., & Sundstrom , E. (2021). Microbial production of advanced biofuels.  Nature Reviews Microbiology ,  19 (11), 701-715 . Mota , M. N., Múgica , P., & Sá-Correia , I. (2022). Exploring yeast diversity to produce lipid-based biofuels from agro-forestry and industrial organic residues.  Journal of Fungi ,  8 (7), 687 .