biofuels-131122134746-phpap p01.ppt

this ppt is about bio fuels

1. Presented by: KRISH

2. WHAT ARE BIOFUELS?
Biofuels are
liquid fuels that
have been
developed from
other materials
such as plants or
animal waste
matter.

3. WHY BIOFULES?
Biofuelsproductionandconsumptionensures
thatthenaturalCarboncycletobe100%
achievedwhichcompletelyeliminatesthe
continuousincreaseinCarbonDioxideratesin
theatmospherewhichinturnswillhavethe
greatesteffectontheenvironmentandawayto
endglobalwarming
Forexample,Acropofplantsusedtoproducea
barrelofbiofuelwillabsorbexactlythesame
amountofCarbonDioxideasemittedfrom
burningthebarrelproduced.

4. TYPES OF BIOFULES
First generation biofuelsSecond generation biofuels
Bioalcohol
Biodiesel
Main two types
Vegetableoil
Biogas
Syngas
Solid biofuels

5. Bioethanolisanalcoholmadebyfermentation,mostly
fromcarbohydratesproducesinsugarorstarchcropssuch
ascornorsugarcane.
Cellulosicbiomass,derivedfromnon-foodsourcessuchas
treesandgrasses,isalsobeingdevelopedasafeedstockfor
ethanolproduction.
Used to substitute petrol fuel for the road transport
vehicles
Oneofthewidelyusedalternativeautomotivefuelsinthe
world(Brazil&USAarethelargest ethanol
producers)
Much more environment friendly and have
low toxicity level
BIOETHANOL

6. Bioethanol Production

8. How America and other countries obtain bio fuel
•Different countries obtain bio fuel from feedstocks,
depending on the type of biofuel being produced:
•Untied states : Corn is the primary feedstocks fuel for
producing bio fuel.
•Brazil: Sugarcane is the primary feedstock for
producing bio fuel.
•In northwestern countries oilseeds crop like canola
and sunflower is used to produce bio fuels

9. Transport fuel to replace gasoline
Fuel for power generation by thermal combustion
Fuel for fuel cells by thermochemicalreaction
Fuels in cogeneration systems
Feedstock in the chemical industry
Blending ethanol with small
portion of gasoline is more
cost-effective
Applications of Bioethanol

10. Advantages of Bioethanol
Burns more cleanly as a result of more
complete combustion
Reduces greenhouse gases
It is carbon neutral
Decrease in ozone formation
Renewable energy resource
Fuel spills are more easily biodegraded or
diluted to non-toxic concentration
Any plant can be used for production of
biooethanol: it only has to contain sugar and
starch

11. Disadvantages of Bioethanol
Largeamountofarablelandisrequiredtogrow
crops,naturalhabitatswouldbedestroyed.
Duetolucrativepricesofbioethanol,some
farmersmaysacrificefoodcropsforbiofuels
whichwillincreasefoodpricesaroundtheworld.
Duringproductionofbioethanol,hugeamount
ofcarbondioxideisreleased.
Notasefficientaspetroleum
Coldstartdifficulties
Difficultyintransportation

12. Advantages of Biodiesel
Biodiesel is environment-
friendly.
It can help reduce dependency
on foreign oil.
It helps to lubricate the engine
itself, decreasing engine wear.
It can be used in almost any
diesel with little or no engine modification.
It is safer than conventional diesel.
Less global warming.

13. Disadvantages of Biodiesel
Biodiesel emission
increases Nox in
atmosphere
Biodiesel behaves
as a solvent
Slightly decreases
fuel economy
Cost varies according to feedstock used and
market conditions.

14. USES OF BIOFUELS
CarsandTrucks:Dieselcarsandtruckscanrunon
biodiesel.
Aircraft:Recenttestinghasshowntheviabilityofbiofuel
useintheaviationindustry,anduseofbiofuelstopower
aircraftisexpectedtoincreasesubstantiallyinthenext
decade.
Off-RoadEquipment:Alargepercentageofoff-road
equipment--suchasvehiclesusedinagriculture,mining,
forestry,construction,andpowerandheatproduction--
usedieselfuel,makingthisequipmentsuitablefor
biodieseluse
SmallEngines:Smallengines,likethosefoundinlawn
mowersandchainsaws,canuseethanolblendsupto10
percentwithoutproblems

15. ADVANTAGES OF BIOFUELS
Cost:Biofuelshavethepotentialtobesignificantlylessexpensivethan
gasolineandotherfossilfuels.
Sourcematerial:Whereasoilisalimitedresourcethatcomesfrom
specificmaterials,biofuelscanbemanufacturedfromawiderangeof
materialsincludingcropwaste,manure,andotherbyproducts.Thismakes
itanefficientstepinrecycling.
Renewability:Ittakesaverylongtimeforfossilfuelstobeproduced,but
biofuelsaremuchmoreeasilyrenewableasnewcropsaregrownand
wastematerialiscollected.
Security:Biofuelscanbeproducedlocally,whichdecreasesthenation's
dependenceuponforeignenergy
Economicstimulation:Becausebiofuelsareproducedlocally,biofuel
manufacturingplantscanemployhundredsorthousandsofworkers,
creatingnewjobsinruralareas.
Lowercarbonemissions:Whenbiofuelsareburned,theyproduce
significantlylesscarbonoutputandfewertoxins,makingthemasafer
alternativetopreserveatmosphericqualityandlowerairpollution.

16. DISADVANTAGES OF BIOFUELS
Productioncarbonemissions:Severalstudieshavebeenconductedto
analyzethecarbonfootprintofbiofuels,andwhiletheymaybecleanerto
burn,therearestrongindicationsthattheprocesstoproducethefuel-
includingthemachinerynecessarytocultivatethecropsandtheplantsto
producethefuel-hasheftycarbonemissions.
Highcost:Torefinebiofuelstomoreefficientenergyoutputs,andtobuild
thenecessarymanufacturingplantstoincreasebiofuelquantities,ahigh
initialinvestmentisoftenrequired.
Foodprices:Asdemandforfoodcropssuchascorngrowsforbiofuel
production,itcouldalsoraisepricesfornecessarystaplefoodcrops.
Foodshortages:Thereisconcernthatusingvaluablecroplandtogrow
fuelcropscouldhaveanimpactonthecostoffoodandcouldpossibly
leadtofoodshortages.
Wateruse:Massivequantitiesofwaterarerequiredforproperirrigation
ofbiofuelcropsaswellastomanufacturethefuel,whichcouldstrainlocal
andregionalwaterresources.