BIOGAS PLANT

BIOGAS PLANT PPT

1. SEMINAR ON BIOGAS PLANT Guidance By : Presented By : Dr. R. N. Shrivastava Raj kumar sahu Dr. Preeti Jain COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING JABALPUR

2. BIOGAS PLANT Biogas plant is an airtight container that facilitates fermentation of material under anaerobic condition Anaerobic digestion of organic matter produces a mixture of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. The material which is used in biogas plant for producing B iogas called B iomass . Forms of biomass listed below may be used along with water. Animal dung , Poultry wastes , Plant wastes , Human excreta , Industrial wastes, Domestic wastes

3. Biogas composition Methane, CH 4 : 55-70% Carbon dioxide, CO 2 : 25-40% Nitrogen, N 2 : 0-2 % Hydrogen Sulphide, H 2 S : 0-3 % Hydrogen, H 2 : 0-2 % Oxygen , O 2 : 0-2 %

4. ENERGY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION ELECTRICITY & HEAT

5. OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS OF A BIOGAS PLANT Temperature Methane- forming bacteria works best in temp. ranges 35 -38C. The gas production decreases sharply below 20 C and almost stops at 10 C Solid to moisture ratio in the biomass If water content is too high, the mean slurry temp. and gas production drops. If water content is too low, acids accumulate and hinder fermentation process. pH value During methane forming stage, pH value 6.5 to 7.5 is maintained. Carbon to nitrogen ratio The optimum C/N ratio is 30:1 for maximum microbiological activity.

6. Total solid content – the total solid content in the material 18 – 20 % Diameter to depth ratio 0.66 : 1 Uniform feeding. Mixing or stirring or agitation of the content of the digester Toxicity due end product Acid accumulation inside the digester.

7. CLASSIFICATION

8. KVIC type biogas plant Khadi and Village I ndustries P lant (KVIC). Developed in India in 1954. Mild steel drum is used for collecting the gas. Costliest component is gas holder. Having life less than 10 year of gas holder. Material used cow dung in this plant for producing the gas.

9. KVIC TYPE BIOGAS PLANT Gas production in two stage 1- Acid formation 2- Methane formation Digester depth 3.5 – 6.5 m diameter 1.2 – 1.6 m Dung : water 4:5 Floating drum for the collection of gas

10. Pragati Design B iogas P lant Developed by United Socio-Economic Development and Research programme. It is cheaper floating drum biogas plant. Depth of pit is less than KVIC plant. It can ne constructed in hilly and high water table areas. Cost of this plant is 20% less than KVIC plant.

11. JANTA TYPE BIOGAS PLANT Developed by Research and A ction D ivision L ucknow in 1978 Digester is cylindrical in shape constructed with bricks and cement Material other then cattle dung such as municipal waste and plant residues . Dia. Ratio height 1.75 : 1

12. DEENBANDHU BIOGAS PLANT Developed by Action for Food production , New Delhi The biogas plant has a hemispherical fixed dome type biogas plant. Working principle is same as janta model Low cost biogas plant Mixing tank Gas outlet pipe Plinth level Outlet tank cover Displacement Chamber Outlet Tank Slurry Discharge Hole Digester Outlet gate Gas storage Area Inlet Pipe Foundation Initial slurry level

13. COMPARISION S.N. KVIC BIOGAS PLANT JANTA BIOGAS PLANT DEENBANDHU BIOGAS PLANT 1 Initial cost is more Cost is less than KVIC plant Cost is less 2 Steel gas holder need to be replace due to corrosion effect No steel gas holder required Steel gas holder not required 3 Cow dung as a material used Cow dung , plant residue domestic waste , etc. is used Material is used same as in janta plant used 4 Maintenance cost is relatively high Maintenance cost is less than KVIC Maintenance cost is high 5 Life of digester is expected to 30 year and for gas holder 5-7 year Longer life than KVIC plant Comparatively having more life

14. Selection of site for a biogas plant Distance-distance b/w the plant and site of gas consumption should be less Open space-the sunlight fall on the plant as temp . b/w 15 C to 30 c 15 m. distance from well Space requirement-10 M 2 to 12 M 2 area is needed per M 3 of the biogas Availability of water Source of cow dung /material for biogas generation

15. Advantages of biogas Biogas is eco-friendly. Provide employment by biogas plant. Biogas generation produces organic fertilizer. It is simple and low cost technology. It reduce greenhouse effect . Disadvantages of biogas Biogas is not attractive in large scale. Few technology advancement Contains impurity Less suitable for dense metropolitan

16. Utilization of biogas Cooking Lighting Operating small engine For pumping water Size of biogas plant Depend upon size of family The purpose for which biogas is utilized

17. THANK YOU