Biological methods for nanoparticle synthesis

This presentation is intended to give brief review about the biological systems widely used in research for nanoparticles synthesis

1. Biological methods for nanoparticles synthesis By Vaibhav Kumar Maurya

2. Topic of the day Introduction definition Approaches used Nano scale structure synthesis methods B iological system for nanoparticles Characterization Applications

3. Nano & technology The understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometres . Richard Feynman introduce as an idea in 1954 Norio Taniguchi coined the name “nanotechnology” in 1974

4. What is Nanotechnology? Nanotechnology is the art an science of manipulating matter at the nanoscale Allows the placement of small structures placed with precision, simplicity and low cost

5. Angstrom Nanometer Micrometer Millimeter Top down Bottom up Bulk material Thin material H eterostructures nanostructure nanostructure Protein Molecule atom Approaches for nanoscale structure

6. Various nano -synthesis methods Chemical Sol-gel Processing Solution-based synthesis Physical Ball Milling Thermal evaporation Lithography Vapour Phase Biological In bacteria In fungi Yeast Using plant extracts

7. Radiolarians Sponge Spicule Diatoms Rice leaf blade Biology: The inspiration for nanomaterials synthesis

8. Biological synthesis Rapid synthesis, controlled toxicity, controlling on size characteristics, economical and eco-friendly approach Crucial point before going for biological method What biological system can be used to (bacteria, plant and fungi) synthesis nanostructure ? Can we do it extracellularly ? What is the biochemical process leading to nanoparticle formation ? Is size control possible ? Better monodispersity ? How about nanoparticle shape modulation ? Can we use extracts of plants in nanobiosynthesis ?

9. Fungi and Yeast Extra cellular Intera cellular Cell wall s urface Bacteria Extracellular I ntracellular Plant & Plant extract Extracellular Inexpensive reduction Silver Gold Gold Cds Gold Iron Biological system for nanoparticles

10. Why do organisms synthesize nanoparticles ? Major reasons involved in such synthesis is detoxification which can be carried out by Modifications in the cellular transport mechanisms to restrict entry of the toxicions into the cell Sequestration of the toxic species within the cell (intracellular sequestration) oroutside the cell (extracellular sequestration ) Activation of energy-dependent efflux pathways to eliminate the toxic species Enzyme catalyzed oxidation or reduction of the toxic species to a less toxic form

11. Mechanism involved in biogenic nanoparticles synthesis Peptides Proteins Polyols H eterocyclic compounds Stabilizing agent

12. Bacterial biosynthesis Mainly extracellular Silver nanoparticle Gold nanoparticle Cadmium

13. Bacterial biosynthesis Iron nanoparticles Magnetite nanoparticles Greigite nanoparticles Organism- Actinobacter spp Bacterial culture in Luria Broth Aqueous sol.of K3 Fe(CN)6 + K4 Fe(CN)6 In 2:1 millimolar ratio kept for a period of week Product identification

14. Au-Ag alloys: Synthesis Fungus Fusarium oxysporum . It has been found that initially Au is reduced followed by Ag leading to nanoparticles of Au-Ag alloy . Depending on the biomass of fungus used one can change the composition of the alloy nanoparticle formed from pure Au to pure Ag with increase in the biomass concentration Process involved in nanoparticle synthesis by fungi Fungal and Yeast system Screening of fungi F. Oxysporum and Verticilium sp. Culturing and Biomass harvesting Biomass inoculation in precursors Filtrate characterization for Oxides formation SiO2 TiO2 ZrO2 Fe3O4 BaTiO3

15. Potential fungal and Yeast Extracellular nano particle synthesis Fungus - mediated bioleaching approach towards synthesis of oxide nanoparticles using natural agro-industrial wastes

16. Provides single step biosynthesis process Protocols involving free from toxicants and natural capping agents Can generate bimetallic silver and gold shell nanoparticles Excellent stability and size control cost-effective large-scale production of metallic, semiconductor and metal oxide nanoparticles Process involved in nanoparticles synthesis by plant extract Plants and Plant extracts as a tool for nanoparticles

17. Widely used plants for nanoparticles synthesis

18. Literature for biological system involved in nanoparticle synthesis

19. Application of nanotechnology

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