Biology the atom

Biology the atom

2. Composition of Matter

3. Matter is anything having mass and volume.Matter is anything having mass and volume.
The Study of The Study of mattermatter and and
how it changeshow it changes
Mass- the amount /quantity of matter in an objectMass- the amount /quantity of matter in an object
Mass is measured with a balance ,unit is gramsMass is measured with a balance ,unit is grams
• mass is related to weight but isn’t the same thing.mass is related to weight but isn’t the same thing.
• weight is dependent upon gravity.weight is dependent upon gravity.
• mass never changesmass never changes
Volume- anything that takes up space, unit L, cmVolume- anything that takes up space, unit L, cm
33
, ,
mLmL
is
Everything is made of matter.

4. IS AIR MATTER?
Does air have mass?Does air have volume?YES, to both, so air is matteryes

5. NO
IS HEAT MATTER?
Does heat have mass?Does heat have volume?no, to both, so heat is not matter

6. NO
IS LIGHT MATTER?
Does light have mass?Does light have volume?No, to both, so light is not matter

7. IS EMOTION MATTER?
Does emotion have mass?Does emotion have volume?
No, to both, so emotion is not matter.
NO

8. ELEMENTS
Elements
•are pure substances that cannot be
broken down chemically into simple
kinds of matters.
Examples: O, N, H,

9. ELEMENTS
Natural elements = 92
Man-made elements = 11
Total elements = 103
96% of all living things is made of only 4 elements
Carbon (18%),
Hydrogen (10%)
Oxygen (65%)
Nitrogen (3%)
CHON

10. Compounds
•Compound a pure substance that is made up of atoms of two
or more elements. H
2
0
•Molecule is the smallest unit of most compounds
Chemical Bonds:
•1. Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share one or
more pairs of electrons.
Example: H
2
0 = water
•2. Ionic bonds are formed when one or more electrons are
transferred from one atom to another.
Example: NaCl = Sodium Chloride (Table Salt)

11. Vocabulary
•ATOM-An atom is the smallest unit that
maintains the characteristics of an
element
–Nucleus- The center of the atom,
contains protons and neutrons
–Electron Cloud –Region surrounding
the nucleus containing the electrons

12. The Atom

13. The Atom

14. Nucleus
Protons
Neutrons

15. •http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/Rapids/1111/adamsfamsong.htm
Chorus:
They are so small.
(Snap, snap)
They’re round like a ball.
(Snap, snap)
They make up the air.
They’re everywhere.
Can’t see them at all.
(Snap, snap)
2nd Verse:
Together they make gases,
And liquids like molasses,
And all the solid masses,
The Atoms Family
Chorus:
They are so small.
(Snap, snap)
They’re round like a ball.
(Snap, snap)
They make up the air.
They’re everywhere.
Can’t see them at all.
(Snap, snap)
Chorus:
They are so small.
(Snap, snap)
They’re round like a ball.
(Snap, snap)
They make up the air.
They’re everywhere.
Can’t see them at all.
(Snap, snap)
1st Verse:
They’re tiny and they’re teeny,
Much smaller than a beany,
They never can be seeny,
The Atoms Family.
3rd Verse:
Neutrons can be found,
Where protons hang around;
Electrons they surround
The Atoms Family.

16. The Nucleus
Proton-A positively charged sub-atomic particle
(+).
The number of protons is the same as the
atomic number
Li
3
7
The atomic mass
The atomic mass
The Atomic Symbol
Atomic number
is the number of protons
in an atom.
Atomic mass
is the number of protons and
neutron in the nucleus of an atom.

17. The Nucleus
Neutrons –A sub-atomic particle in the nucleus
--Neutron do not have a charge (0)
To calculate the number of neutrons in an element…
Li
3
7
The atomic number
The atomic mass
The atomic mass
-The atomic number
The number of neutrons
The atomic symbol
Atomic number
is the number of protons in an atom.
Atomic mass is the number of
protons and neutron in the nucleus
of an atom.

18. The Atom

19. The Electron Cloud
•Electrons-
•The number of electrons equals the number of protons
•Sub-atomic particle with a negative charge (-)
•Valence Electrons
– The outer most electrons
–Valence electrons are responsible for bonding

20. Bohr Model
•The first shell can have
2 electrons
•The second shell can
have 8 electrons

21. Shells and the Electron Cloud
16

23. The Periodic Table
The Periodic Table
•first discovered in 1869 by Dmitry I. Mendeleyev, is
an arrangement of the chemical elements ordered by
increasing number of atomic number .
•Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom.
•Atomic mass is the number of protons and neutron
in the nucleus of an atom.

24. Periodic Table
•Nonmetals: are poor conductors of heat and
electricity.
•Metals are good conductors of heat and
electricity.
•Metalloids are elements that form a bridge
between metals and nonmetals.
Nonmetals
Metals
Metals
Nonmetals
Metalloids

26. Periodic Table
Groups- Arranged by the number of valence electrons
Groups are the vertical rows (1-18).Determine the number of
electrons in the outshell.
Each group has similar bonding properties
•Periods-Arranged by increasing atomic weight
Periods have the same number of shells.
Periods are the horizontal rows (1-7).Determine how many energy
shell that elements have
Example:Group 1…1 valence electron
Group 2…2 valence electrons
Group 3…3 valence electrons
Example: Period 1…1 valence shell
Period 2…2 valence shells
Period 3…3 valence shells

28. Periodic Table
Periods go
across on the
periodic table
Periods have
the same
number of
“shells”
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

29. Periodic Table
Groups go
down on the
periodic table
Elements in the
same group,
have the same
number of
valence
electrons
12
345687

30. Noble Gas
·All the elements of Group 18, the noble gases,
have full valence shells. This means they do
not need to react with other elements to
attain a full shell, and therefore much less
reactive than other groups. Helium is the
most inert among the noble gas.
18

31. Halogens
•In Group 17, known as the halogens,
elements are missing just one electron each
to fill their shells. Therefore, in chemical
reactions they tend to acquire electrons (the
tendency to acquire electrons is called
electronegativity). This property is most
evident for fluorine (the most
electronegative element of the whole table

32. THE PERIODIC TABLE
•the electron configuration is the arrangement of
electrons in an atom, molecule, or other physical
structure
•The valence shell is the outermost shell of an atom.

33. In the center is the nucleus
and surround it is the electrons

34. Electron Configuration ofOxygen

35. Electron configuration ofScandium

36. Let’s look at a few elements…
Hydrogen 1= Proton1= electron

37. Let’s look at a few elements…
Helium 2=protons 2=neutrons
2=electrons

38. Let’s look at a few elements…
Lithium 3=protons 4=neutrons
3=electrons

39. Let’s look at a few elements…
Fluorine
9=protons 10=neutrons
9=electrons

40. Let’s look at a few elements…
Argon
18=protons22=neutrons
18=electrons

41. Animation of element arrangement
http://www.wjcc.k12.va.us/ROBB/Krypton.gif

43. Positive and Negative Ions: Cations and Anions
•Cations (positively-charged ions) and anions (negatively-charged ions) are
formed when a metal loses electrons, and a nonmetal gains those
electrons.
•The electrostatic attraction between the positives and negatives brings the
particles together and creates an ionic compound, such as sodium
chloride.
•A metal reacts with a nonmetal to form an ionic bond. You can often
determine the charge an ion normally has by the element’s position on
the periodic table:
•
Read more:
http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/positive-and-negative-ions-cations-and-anions.html#ixzz12tgqJuZm

47. Possible number of electrons in shells
Rules for diagram
SHELL ELECTRONS
1 2
2 8
3
4
16
32

48. Resources
•http://www.fordhamprep.org/gcurran/sho/sho/lessons/lesson36.htm (e configuaration)
•http://www.ausetute.com.au/econfig.html (e configuration)
•
http://education.jlab.org/atomtour/ (note)
•http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/3-atoms.htm
•http://www.micromountain.com/sci_diagrams/at_struct/at_struct_pages/naanim.html (Na structure)