BIOMEDICAL WASTE & HAZARD MANAGEMENT.pptx

bmw and its steps

1. BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT & HAZARD MANAGEMENT

2. BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT DEFINITION: The waste that is generated during the research, diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals are called as biomedical waste Out of the total hospital waste 75% are non hazardous and 25% are hazardous waste. If segregation and proper disposal does not take place, all general non hazardous waste will mix with hazardous waste and become infectious

3. Various steps in biomedical waste management are (1) segregation (2) storage (3) Transportation (4) Treatment (5) disposal Our clinical biochemistry lab is concerned only about segregation and handing over for further biomedical management

4. Categories, colour coding and types of container recommended for segregation of biomedical waste by regulations of the ministry of environment and forest, Government of India Colour Coding Types of waste Types of bag Treatment as pe r Schedule Red Contaminated waste(recyclable plastics) Red coloured non chlorinated plastic bags Autoclaving or microwaving followed by shredding or mutilation or combination of sterilization and shredding white (translucent) Waste sharps including metals Puncture proof, leak proof, tamper proof container Autoclaving /dry heat sterilization followed by shredding or mutilation and sent for final disposal to iron foundries Blue Glasswares and metallic body implants Cardboard boxes with blue coloured marking Disinfection or autoclaving or microwaving/hydroclavingand then sent for recycling

5. Colour Coding Types of waste Types of bag Treatment as pe r Schedule Yellow 1)human anatomical waste 2)Animal anatomical waste 3)Soiled waste 4)Expired or discarded medicines 5)Chemical waste 6)Chemical liquid waste 7)discarded linen, beddings contaminated with blood or bodyfluids 8)Microbiology,biotechnology and clinical laboratory waste Yellow coloured non chlorinated plastic bags Separate collection system leading to effluent treatment system Yellow coloured non chlorinated plastic bags Autoclave safe plastic bags or containers Incineration or plasma pyrolysis or deep burial Incineration or plasma pyrolysis Chemical liquid waste should be pretreated before mixing with other waste water Non chlorinated chemical disinfection followed by incineration or plasma pyrolysis Pretreatment to sterilize with non chlorinated chemicals as per NACO or WHO thereafter for incineration

6. STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION Sterlisation and disinfection can be done by a) Boiling all relevant instrument for 10 minutes b) Soaking the relevant instrument for 20 minutes in any of disinfectant solution as given below. i) 1% Sodium hypochlorite ii) 2 % Glutaraldehyde iii) 2.5% Lysol iv) 5 % Savlon

7. HAZARDS IN CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY Accidents in the laboratory are caused by 1) DANGEROUS CHEMICALS : E xposure to hazardous substance can cause toxicity,flammability, corrosivity and reactivity Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, skin contact 2) INFECTED SPECIMENS SENT FOR ANALYSIS : Eg, Needle prick, and viral hepatitis 3) FROM FAULTY APPARATUS AND INSTRUMENTS: Eg,Electrical shock , burn injuries , radiation exposure

8. 4) Glasswares: Broken glasswares can cause seriuos cuts to the skin and eye To avoid this, handle glasswares with care and never with wet or slippery hands 5) Electrical hazards: Use only grounded equipment and tools and never remove the grounding pin from the plug end 6) Noise: Employers should provide regular hearing test for workers who are exposed to loud noise

9. LABORATORY FIRST AID 1) SKIN BURNS: Wash under running water or iced water . Apply petroleum jelly or burn ointment Cover with sterile gauze Any blister formed must not be rubbed or punctured

10. 2) CHEMICAL INJURY TO EYES: Can be caused by vapour or splashing. Wash with running water. Apply 2% sodium carbonate drops. Refer to a hospital

11. 3) CHEMICAL INJURY TO MOUTH: In case of accidental swallowing rinse the mouth with water. If swallowing has occurred drink water followed by milk in case of acids and lemon juice/dilute vinegar in case of alkalis

12. 4) INHALATION INJURY: Remove the person to an uncontaminated ventilated area. Throat irritation relieved by warm drink or with hot water vapour inhalation

13. 5) INJURIES DUE TO BROKEN GLASS: Wash the wound and remove any glass pieces. Apply mercurochrome/ acriflavine ointment. Bleed from wound can be stopped by compression or tight bandage. Refer to a hospital

14. 6) CONTAMINATION WITH INFECTED MATERIAL: Wash with water. Then wash with soap solution. Apply antiseptic solution.

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