Biomedical Waste Management

Biomedical Waste Management

1. Biomedical waste management Prepared by : Apexa Chaudhari Guided by : Dr. Yamini D.Shah Head of the department Pharmaceutices & Pharmaceutical Technology

2. Biomedical waste management Biomedical waste means any waste which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities or production or testing of biologicals & including categories mentioned in biomedical waste management & handling rules.

3. The main source of the Biomedical waste is hospitals ,labs,Research center etc. The basic principle of good biomedical waste management practice is based on the concept of 3 Rs “Reduce”. “ Recycle”. “ Reuse”. Purpose of the biomedical waste management is reduce the amount of waste, to reduce the risk of dangerous health diseases. 

4. Survey of biomedical waste It is important component of the waste management method. Differentiate the type of waste quantity is generated. Determine the level of generation & Disinfection within the hospitals.

5. Segregation of the BMW It is most crucial step in BMW management. Separation of waste reduce the risks. Non infectious & infectious waste are separated. General waste dry & wet are separated. Bins & bags should carry the biohazard symbol.

6. Collection & categorization of BMW Proper collection is really important so the infection can not cause. It involved different type of containers. Containers should be placed in such a way that 100% collection is achieved. Sharps must always kept in puncture proof container to avoid injuries &infection.

7. Storage of the BMW Once the collection occurs then biomedical waste stored in proper place. Duration of storage should not exceed 8 - 10 hrs in big hospitals & 24 hrs in nursing home. Waste should not store more than 48 hrs in once place. Storage area generally located near where the waste is treated.

8. Storage tank

9. Transportation of BMW The containers should be tied before transportation . Transportation of the biomedical waste can be done by carts & containers that are not used for any other functions. The trolleys have to be cleaned each day. Bio hazardous sign should be dyed.

10. Treatment of BMW Incineration Autoclaving Microwaving Chemical Disinfection Deep burial Land disposal

11. Rules Amended For Waste Management Biomedical waste (management & handling )Rules,1998. Biomedical waste (management & handling) Rules, 2016. Hazardous waste (management & handling) Rules, 1989. Hazardous waste management & handling Rules, 2008. Municipal solid waste (management & handling) Rules , 2000 Hazardous waste & other waste (management & handling) Rules ,2016

12. Major difference between biomedical waste management & handling rules 1998 Operators duties are not mention proper. Biomedical waste divided in 10 categories. No format for annual report. 2016 Operators duties are listed properly. Biomedical waste divided in 4 categories. A format for the annual report is there with rules.

13. 1998 No specific storage facilities are defined. Use of sodium hypochlorite Solution with 1% chlorine. No instructions for use of hg equipment. 2016 Proper storage facilities are defined. Use of sodium hypochlorite solution with 10% chlorine. Instructions are noted for use such equipment.

14. 1998 Rules are applicable but does not define Specific boundaries. Form 1 to 3 are included. Residual blood Segregated in red bag & General waste segregated in black bag. 2016 Rules are whether applicable or not is mention. Form 1 to 5 are included. Residual blood segregated in yellow bag & general waste segregated in green bag.

15. Forms 1998 Form 1 : Application for authorization Form 2 : Annual report 2016 Form 1 : Accident reporting Form 2 : Application for authorization & renewal Form 3 : Authorization

16. 1998 Form 3 : Accident reporting 2016 Form 4 : Annual report Form 5 : Application for filling appeal against order pass by prescribe authority

17. Schedule 1998 Schedule 1 : Categories or type of waste Schedule 2 : Type of container ,color ,treatment Schedule 3 : Label for transportation 2016 Schedule 1 : color code & type of waste with treatment Schedule 2 : standard for treatment & disposal of biomedical waste.

18. 1998 Schedule 4 : label for transportation of BMW. Schedule 5 : standard for treatment & disposal of BMW. Schedule 6 : list of authorities 2016 Schedule 3 : list of prescribed authorities duties Schedule 4 (A): label for BMW Schedule 4 (B): label for transportation of BMW

19. Equipment use for treat biomedical waste Autoclave Autoclave operate on the principle of the standard pressure cooker. The steam use at high temperature,Pressure generated at high temperature penetrate waste material & kill all the microorganisms.

20. Biomedical waste management systems incorporate the autoclave for processing of waste culture, sharps, bandages & other surgical wastes etc. When operating a gravity flow autoclave medical waste shall be subjected to : 1. A temperature of not less than 121°C & pressure of of about 15 psi for an autoclave residence time of not less than 60 min .

21. 2. A temperature not less than 135 °C & pressure of about 31 psi for an autoclave residence time of not less than 45 min. When operating a vaccum autoclave, medical waste shall be subjected to: 1.A temperature of not less than 121°C & pressure of 15 psi for autoclave residence time of not less than 45 min.

22. 2.A temperature of not less than 135°C & pressure of 31 psi for autoclave residence time of not less than 30 min.

23. Microwave In Microwaving process microwave is used.It use to treat the waste water sluge& as Heat source to treat medical waste. If the waste is dry ,add the water & the wet waste is introduced in the microwave.Microwave work only when their is water in waste bcz radiation directly work on water.With enough power the water is converted in the steam.

24. The entire process take place in the single vessel. The bacteriological & Virological test is conducted to ensure it effective or not. Treatment of Biomedical waste through the microwave is less expensive than incineration. Microwave treatment can also use for the melt syringes. This processing usually include front end shredding of the waste to increase the efficacy of Microwave treatment.

25. Incinerators In the process of incineration the incinerators are use. Incinerators can be oil fired or electrically powered or combination. In the incinerator high temperature applied . The heat convert the waste in inert material & gases .

26. Type Rotary kiln incinerator Grate incinerator(grill or four) Liquids, gases & fumes incinerator

27. Rotary kiln incinerator Rotary kiln incinerator is manufactured with rotating combustion chamber that keep waste moving there by allowing it to vaporize for easy burning. Temperature : +/-1200 degree C. This type of incinerator use for hazardous ,medical & chemical waste.

28. Grate incinerator The waste is putted by the hopper form the waste bunker in the incinerator . By the help of shifting & thumbing the tiles the waste go slowly down & burn. The combustion chamber feed with air from waste bunker.

29. Temperature :+/-950 degree C.Retention time of the waste in furnace is 45 min. After combustion ash,this is +/-10% of original volume of the waste. Flue gases at high temperature when ash cool sperate it. Then the sperate the form metal ash.