BIORECLMATION RECLAMATION OF ALKINE AND.SALINE SOIL

Bioreclamation of alkaline soils using microorganisms is an environmentally friendly method to improve soil fertility and agricultural productivity. Alkaline soils, characterized by high pH levels, can be detrimental to plant growth due to nutrient imbalances and poor soil structure. Traditional chemical treatments can be costly and harmful to the environment, making biological approaches increasingly popular.Microorganisms, particularly certain bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role in bioreclamation. These microbes can produce organic acids and other compounds that help lower soil pH, making nutrients more available to plants. For example, certain strains of bacteria, like Azotobacter and Pseudomonas, can solubilize phosphates and produce growth-promoting substances. Mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, enhancing nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus, in alkaline conditions.

1. Bio-reclamation of Alkaline &
Saline Soil :
Biotechnological implementation of sulphur oxidizing bacteria
Thiobacillus thiooxidans with ZnS nanoparticle
By,Rushikesh Ravindra Tahakik, Prathmesh Gajanan thakare,
Rupali Appasaheb Padol.
MGM COLLEGE OF AGRIL BIOTECHNOLOGY,GANDHELI

3. IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE

4. Thiobacillus Thiooxidans
Thiobacillus is Natural Soil reclamation Bacteria
and able to oxidise Sulphur salts and related
compound from alkaline soil in form of assimilate
sulphur salts during this soil bring down PH of soil
●Thiobacillus oxidizes elemental sulphur into its
salts and made available to plants
●Decreases bulk density, Improves compact soil,
Enhance soil micro flora
●Improves soil texture and water holding capacity
●Reduce plant disease epidemiology

5. Hypothesis :

7. METHOLOGY:
●The present investigation was carried out in department of environmental biotechnology
MGM College of Agricultural biotechnology.
Experimental design ( FRBD (FACTORIAL RANDAMISED BLOCK DESIGN)
Treatment details:
1.Test plant (Capsicum annum)
2. Plant + Thiobacillus culture treatment (250 ul live culture)
3.Plant 3. ZnSo4 + Thiobacillus culture treatment ( 250 + 0.2 gm ZnS)
●Reclamation potential of contaminated soil from Gandheli,Aurangabad was evaluated in
15 days greenhouse trials.

8. ISOLATION & MASS MULTIPLICATION OF Thiobacillus thiooxidans
SOB(sulphur oxidizing bacteria) were isolated from maize rhizosphere soil of
gandheli,Aurangabad by serial dilution and spread plate method 10^-4 DF soil spread on
TSB Agar
Incubate for 7 days @ 32°C & Purify colonies by Subculture and study morphological and
biochemical analysis
Mass multiplication ( orbital shaker )
Cell density was 10^8 PFU an 100 ml

Fig.1.1 Isolation OF SOB

9. ISOLATION OF NANOPARTICLES
0.25 ml Zn(CH3CO2) + 0.5 M Thioester
Heat @ 85°C for 3 hours
Centrifuge for 5000 RPM and collect powder
Fig 1.2 Spectrophotometric analysis of ZnS nanoparticles @ 200nm

10. Treatment & Result
The treatment of 3 Replication was carried Out and effect of ZnS Nanoparticle with Thiobacillus live culture studies and
added to pots of soil containing similar level of sulphur levels of total sulphur (<0.1, 4, and 14%) was tested through
characterization of soil chemistry and growth Results for aboveground biomass determinations and selected soil chemical
analyses are reported.
Table 1 Biomass (gms) Sulphur % Protein %
POT -1 ( Test)7 0.1 3.8
POT-2
( T.thiooxidans)
12 4 4.0
POT-3 (ZnS+
Thiobacillus
17 14 4.2

11. Results & Outcomes
Fig. 1.3 – Treatment 2 ( combination @ 2 levels Fig 1.4 sulphur Test of soil sample with control

12. Results & Outcomes
Fig 1.5 Plant treated with table 1 treatment Fig 1.5 Shad Net

13. In above experiment we proposed new efficient and Enviroment
FriendlyProtocol for soil reclmation with help of Thiobacillus thioxidans which is
sulphur oxidizing bacteria and have non symbiotic approach with plants to
elliminate sodium and calcium salt by oxidation of sulphur with help of sulphur
oxidizing enzyme,above experiment suggest that due to inadequate availibility
of suitable electronic density and cofactor thiobacillus fertilizer have least and
slower activity and this can overcome by using ZnS nanoparticles which
catalyse sulphur oxidation reaction.
experiment shows that sulphur content,soil PH,and biomass was increased in
above experiment.

14. Conclusion & Future Scope
The present study emphasizes the importance and the role of sulphur oxidizing
bacteria in the oxidation of sulphur in soil. It was concluded from the present study
that all the five bacterial isolates decrease the pH of the culture medium and
efficiently produce sulphate ion in the medium. The pH reducing property of
sulphur oxidizing bacteria by the production of acid can be utilized for reclamation
of alkali soils. Use of these SOB as bio-inoculants can be incorporated to enhance
sulphur oxidation in soil and to increase soil available sulphate to minimize the S-
fertilizer application. They can also be apply to reduce environmental pollution and
promotes sustainable agriculture.

15. References
●Bergey, D. H., Buchanan, R. E., Gibbons, N. E., & American Society for Microbiology. (1974).
Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins (14th edition).
●“Thiobacillus thiooxidans” wikipedia Article
●Waksman, Selman A.; Joffe, J. S. (1922). "Microorganisms concerned in the oxidation of sulfur in
the soil: II. Thiobacillus thiooxidans, a new sulfur-oxidizing organism isolated from the soil". Journal
of Bacteriology.
●Williams, K. P.; Kelly, D. P. (2013). "Proposal for a new class within the phylum Proteobacteria,
Acidithiobacillus classis nov., with the type order Acidithiobacillales, and emended description of
the class Gammaproteobacteria". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
●In the World:Thiobacillus on the farm - MIT News Office
●Biotechnology by U.Satyanarayana pg.no. 640
●Bioleaching- Slideshare by shema https://www.slideshare.net/SheamaT/bioleaching-47620176