Biostatistics FOR NURSING 1.docx.pdf

Biostatistic

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Data
Statistics
Information

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DESCRIPTIVE(DEDUCTIVE)STATISTICS:
INFERENTIAL(INDUCTIVE)STATISTICS:

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InMedicineandrelatedparamedicalpracticeswewillbedealingwithqualitativevariables,that
couldbenominalorordinal,andwithquantitativevariables,thatcouldbecontinuousordiscrete.
Theclassificationofthedata,accordingtothescaleofmeasurementused,isveryimportant.
Theclassificationofdataisusuallymadebyfrequencydistributiontablesofonevariableora
combinationofvariables.
Thescaleofmeasurementisthewayinwhicheachelementmayberepresentedbyagiven
measureunit.Anyscaleofmeasurementmusthavetwomainconditions:
-Tobeexhaustive:Includeallelements
-TohaveclassesorcategoriesmutuallyexclusiveEachelementoughttobe
consideredonlyonce
Fordatatobemoreeasilyappreciated,itisoftenusefultoarrangethedataintheformofatable.
Quiteoften,thepresentationofdatainameaningfulwayisdonebypreparingafrequency
distributiontable.

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- :isthecharacteristicbywhichthedataofavariablearegrouped.
- :couldbedefinedasthewayinwhichthecharacteristicsofthe
quantitativedataareusedwithgroupingpurposes.
- :isthedifferencebetweenthelowerand
upperclassboundariesandiscalled"classwidth",classlength"or"classsize".
Classwidth=Maximumvalueofdata-minimumvalueofdata
numberofclassintervalswanted
- ismidpointofaclassinterval
- :frequencyorclassfrequencyisthenumberofobservations
fallingintoeachclassorclassinterval.
- :istheabsolutefrequencyofclassdividedbythetotal
frequencyofallclasses.
Therelativefreq.ofaclass=absolutefrequencyoftheclassdividedby
Totalfrequencyofallclasses.
- isthesumofthefrequenciesuptoagivenclassorclassinterval.
- Whentheclassintervalhaslowerandupperclasslimits.
- whenatleasttheoreticallyeithernoupperclasslimitornolower
class
limitindicated.
Thetablebelowshowsthedatacollectedfrom20individuals.
7 M 3 176.4
6 M 4 180
5 F 3 167.2
4 M 0 168.3
3 F 0 149
2 M 1 164.2
1 M 2 151.3
Numberof
element Sex
Numberof
children
Height
(Cms.)

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20 F 5 168
19 M 6 172.4
18 M 4 167.3
17 F 3 159.3
16 M 2 155
15 M 1 157
14 F 0 152
13 F 1 148.2
12 F 2 145
11 M 3 160
10 M 4 157.2
9 F 5 145.1
8 M 6 151
Wewanttodoafrequencydistributiontablesforthedataofthe3variableslistedinthetable.

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-C
FrequencydistributionoftheNo.ofchildren

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