Biotelemetry and radio pill

BioTelemetry, Frequency Division Multiplexing, Time Division Multiplexing, RadioPill, Electrical Safety

1. Physical Medicine and Biotelemetry
31 July 20191
By
V.Bharathi M.E.,M.B.A.,(PhD)
Asst.Prof -ECE
Kongunadu College of Engg & Tech,Thottiam,Trichy

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4. Telemetry Principles
Telemetry is a technology that allows remote
measurement and reporting of information. The word
is derived from Greek roots
tele = remote, and metron =measure.
Although the term commonly refers to wireless data
transfer mechanisms (e.g. using radio or infrared
systems), it also encompasses data transferred over
other media,
such as a telephone or computer network, optical link
or other wired communications
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5. Bio telemetry is the measurement of biological
parameters over long distance.
For conveying biological information from a living
organism and its environment to a different location
where this can be recorded.
This involves radio frequency signal as a carrier for
modulation, referred to as radio telemetry
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6. ELEMENTS OF BIOTELEMETRY
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8. DESIGN OF BIO TELEMETRY
Telemetry system should be selected to transmit the bio –
electric Signal with maximum fidelity and simplicity.
The system should not affect the living system by any
interference
Smaller in size light in weight.
It should have more stability and reliability.
The power consumption at the transmitter and receiver
should be small.
It should reject common mode interference rejection.
Miniature radio telemetry system should be used to reduce
noise.
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9. RADIO TELEMETRY SYSTEMS
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Single channel telemetry system
Multi channel telemetry system

10. SINGLE CHANNEL TELEMETRY
SYSTEM
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11. MULTI CHANNEL
TELEMETRY SYSTEM
Two types of multiplexing:
I) FDM
II) TDM
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12. Frequency Division Multiplexing
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13. Time Division Multiplexing
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14. Radio Pill
Radio pill (ray-di-oh) n.a capsule containing a miniature
radio transmitter that can be swallowed by a patient. During
its passage through the digestive track a radio pill transmits
information about internal conditions (acidity, etc.)
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25. ELECTRICAL SAFETY OF MEDICAL
EQUIPMENT
Thepatientinhospitalisthecenterofcare,butheisalso
helplessinthecenterofpotentialdangers,whichareinthe
industry,longtimeago,assuchidentified(i.e.chemicals,
electricity,radiation).Safetyinhospitalmeansfirstlypatient
safety,butitmeansalsosafetyofoperatorsandothers
Electricalsafetyisaveryimportantelementinhospitalsafety
The electrical safety of the medical equipment in hospital is
the most important of it
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26. Electrical hazards
Electrical shocks (micro and macro) due to equipment
failure, failure of power delivery systems, ground
failures, burns, fire, etc.
Mechanical hazards
mobility aids, transfer devices, prosthetic devices,
mechanical assist devices, patient support devices
Environmental hazards
Solid wastes, noise, utilities (natural gas), building
structures, etc.
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27. Biological hazards
Infection control, viral outbreak, isolation, decontamination,
sterilization, waste disposal issues
Radiation hazards
Use of radioactive materials, radiation devices (MRI, CT, PET),
exposure control
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28. Improper use
Inadequate training
Lack of experience
Improper (lack of) use of manuals
Device failure
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Reasons for Side effects

29. Micro and Macro Shock
Macroshock, externally applied current spreads
through-out the body
Microshock, all the current applied through an
intracardiac catheter flows through the heart
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31. Methods of Protection Against El.
Shock
Over-current protection (indirect protection).
Protective earthing (grounding).
Double insulation.
Low voltage power supply.
Differential circuit breaker (Ground Fault Circuit
Interrupter GFCI) .
Isolated power system (IPS).
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32. Power failure
In case of grid power failure, in critical areas in hospitals
power is automatically provided within 10s after stoppage •
Critical components are:
Lighting
alarms
equipment in intensive care
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33. Leakage currents
Occur between conductors that are not in direct contact
(touch) and are at different potentials
For devices that are powered from the grid, leakage currents
are:
capacitive character (spreading capacity)
operative character (current through the insulation, dust,
humidity ...)
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