Biotic and Abiotic Factors in the Environment Science Presentation in Dark Green Beige Hand Drawn Style.pptx

Introduction to General Ecology

1. Let’s Introduce Ourselves! 2 Lies and 1 Truth. You have to tell 2 Lies and 1 Truth about yourself . Your classmates will vote which amongst your lies is the truth. First Introduce Your Name & Where you are from.

2. INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY Bio 109 General Ecology

3. The term “Ecology” “Oikos” meaning ‘house’ “Logos” meaning ‘study’ or ‘science of’ – Ernst Haeckl The science that deals with the study of relationships between living organisms and their environment.

4. Division of Ecology

5. How to study Ecology 1. Autecology The study of the interrelationships of individual organisms to their environment or simply the ecology of the individual organisms. It is the study of the life history and the response to its environment of a single individual. e.g. the life history of an eagle, the food requirements of venus fly- trap, or the temperature tolerance of the seedlings of a tree species.

6. Ecology is the study of organisms, the environment and how the organisms interact with each other and their environment. 2. Synecology The study of interrelationships between groups of organisms (populations or communities) and the environment. How to study Ecology

7. 2. Synecology Population Ecology: If the study involves the abundance, distribution, productivity and/or dynamics of a group of organisms of the same species.. e.g. investigation of competition for nutrients of trees in a plantation, the role of disease in controlling the numbers of animals in an area, or the rate of growth and death of individuals in a fish population. Community Ecology: If the studies involve the description and qualifications of some aspects of a natural assemblage of different species of organisms. e.g. the study of forest plant associations, the description of the animal community in a forest or lake, or the change in plant and communities in an area overtime.

8. 2. Synecology Ecosystem Ecology: The study of these and other issues regarding the living and nonliving elements of the environment, their interactions, and the effects of both natural and man-made changes on their functioning is known as ecosystem ecology.

9. Byjus, 2024

10. Levels of Biological Organization

11. Scope of Ecology 1. Organisms: Individual organisms in relation to other organisms. 2. Populations: Group of organisms of the same species and how they interact with each other. 3. Communities: Natural assemblages of populations of different species and their interactions. 4. Ecosystems: The entire natural systems composed of communities and their physical environment

12. Ecology as Interdisciplinary Science

13. Ecology Eco-physiology Political Ecology Ecological Economics Behavioral Ecology System Ecology Evolutionary Ecology Applied Ecology Urban Ecology Landscape Ecology Industrial Ecology Conservation Biology Ecological Engineering Restoration Biology Beyond Fundamental Ecology

14. Importance of Ecology Understanding or the knowledge of ecology is important to: 1. Maintain a healthier and more productive biosphere for the life of humans and other living organisms; 2. Provide principles for rational use of natural resources, often referred to as conservation; and 3. Provide a basis for the formulation of a good conservation policy especially if those entrusted with natural resources have ecological knowledge in such fields: agriculture, forestry, wildlife, range management, fisheries, etc.

15. The living organisms in an ecosystem. Biotic Factors/ Biological Components The nonliving, physical, and chemical component in an ecosystem. Components of an Ecosystem Abiotic Factors/ Physical Components

16. The living organisms in an ecosystem. Biotic Factors/ Biological Components The nonliving, physical, and chemical component in an ecosystem. Humans Animals Bacteria Plants Fungi Components of an Ecosystem Abiotic Factors/ Physical Components Water Air Sunlight Soil Minerals

17. Ecosystem and its Components

18. Biotic Factors

19. The Ecosystem and its Components From the trophic or nutritional standpoint there are 2 living components of ecosystem: 1. Autotrophs - these are the organisms that fix light energy and use the simple inorganic substances to build up complex one, this include the plants. 2. Heterotrophs - these are the organisms which utilize, rearrange and decompose the complex materials particularly the animals, bacteria and fungi. Biotic Component

20. Ecosystem and its Components

21. Ecosystem and its Components Plants considered as the primary producers. Animals are the consumers which can be: 1. Herbivores (plant eaters)- primary consumers 2. Carnivores (meat eaters)- secondary, tertiary and quaternary 3. Omnivores (plant and animal eaters)- secondary, tertiary and quaternary

22. ▪ Microorganisms can be either: 1. Saptrotrophs/Osmotrophs- chiefly bacteria and fungi which are responsible for the decomposition or breaking down of dead organic matter. Ecosystem and its Components

23. ▪ Microorganisms can be either: 2. Detritus feeders- such as crabs, carpenter ants, termites and earthworms which extract nutrients from partly decompose matter. Ecosystem and its Components

24. The Ecosystem and its Components Generally, include the hydrosphere (water), lithosphere (solid earth) and atmosphere (air). Abiotic Component

25. The Ecosystem and its Components Hydrosphere (water) Water covers almost 71% of the earth’s surface. Medium of transport for several ecosystems. Chemical properties- universal solvent; temperature regulator; protectant; lubricant; has high specific heat capacity; high heat conductivity; buffered medium; and cohesion-adhesion property. Abiotic Component

26. The Ecosystem and its Components Hydrosphere (water) Biological properties- dissolve minerals and nutrients for use by living organisms; medium in the fertilization of surviving gametes; for the dispersal of seeds, gametes, and larval stages of aquatic organisms; as a medium of dispersal and germination of seeds; reagent in photosynthesis; needed in osmosis and turgidity; for transpiration and translocation; and as habitat for aquatic organisms. Abiotic Component

27. The Ecosystem and its Components Lithosphere (Solid Earth) Soil- complex mixture of rock fragments, highly altered minerals, organic debris and living organisms which support plants in terrestrial environment. - source of all nutrients and water of organisms living in land. Abiotic Component

28. The Ecosystem and its Components Lithosphere (Solid Earth) 2. Rocks- consolidated units of the earth’s crust which are formed of minerals that have come together by hardening or lithification of sediments, by solidification from a molten mass or by alteration with a pre-existing rock. - facilitates the storage and movement of ground water, source of mineral constituents of sediments and soil and a medium of storage and transportation for groundwater. Abiotic Component

29. The Ecosystem and its Components Lithosphere (Solid Earth) 3. Sediments- rock fragments that may or may not be chemically altered by weathering which are carried by media such as wind or water. - serves as the habitat for the aquatic organisms and source of nutrients needed by the aquatic organisms Abiotic Component

30. We have already discussed: The definition of ecology and its importance. The different levels of ecological organization. Historical developments in ecological science. Ecological Glossary

31. Resource Page Use these icons and illustrations in your Canva Presentation. Happy designing! Don't forget to delete this page before presenting.

32. B D O U C M Q 0-9 Press these keys while on Present mode! for blur for drumroll for bubbles for unveil for confetti for mic drop for quiet Any number from 0-9 for a timer