Biowaste

1. PRESETATION ON BIOMEDICAL WASTE PRESENTED BY- Sukhvinder Kaur MSc(Nursing)

2. Biomedical waste is defined as solid waste generated during the diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or production of biological products for humans or animals. Biomedical waste includes syringes, laboratory samples, body parts, bodily fluids and sharp needles. DEFINATION

3. The main sources of biomedical waste are: Hospitals Medical clinics Laboratories SOURCES

4. Waste management can be done by a systematic approach, which involves: Segregation: Segregation is to be done at source of generation of biomedical waste by the medical & para -medical staff. Collection: Collection of biomedical waste should be done as per rules of SYSTEMATIC APPROCH

5. biomedical waste management & Handling (1998) notified under the Conti.. environment protection act by the ministry of environment. Transportation of hospital waste can be done: Within the hospital At the treatment / Disposal unit outside the hospital

6. Treatment of hospital waste: Approaches of treatment may differ according to: General waste Biomedical waste Conti..

7. Option Treatment & Disposal Waste Category Cat. No. 1 Incineration /deep burial Human Anatomical Waste (human tissues, organs, body parts) Cat. No. 2 Incineration /deep burial Animal Waste (Animal tissues, organs, Body parts bleeding parts, body fluids, blood and experimental animals used in research, CATEGORIES OF WASTE FOR SEGREGATION

8. Option Treatment & Disposal Waste Category discharge from hospitals, animal houses) Cat. No. 3 Local autoclaving/ micro- waving/ incineration Microbiology & Biotechnology waste (wastes from laboratory cultures, or specimens of micro-organisms, live or attenuated vaccines, human and animal cell   culture used in research Conti..

9. Option Treatment & Disposal Waste Category and industrial laboratories, wastes from production of biological, toxins, dishes and devices used for transfer of cultures) Cat. No. 4 Disinfection (chemical treatment/ autoclaving Waste Sharps (needles, syringes, blades, glass that may cause puncture and cuts. This includes both Conti..

10. Option Treatment & Disposal Waste Category used & unused sharps) Cat. No. 5 Incineration or destruction & drugs disposal in secured landfills   Discarded Medicines and Cytotoxic drugs (wastes comprising of outdated, contaminated and discarded medicines) Conti..

11. Option Treatment & Disposal Waste Category Cat. No. 6 Incineration/autoclaving/micro- waving Solid Waste (Items contaminated with blood and body fluids including cotton, dressings, soiled plaster casts, beddings) Cat. No. 7 Disinfection by chemical treatment Solid Waste (waste generated from disposable items other than the sharps wastes such as tubing, Conti..

12. Option Treatment & Disposal Waste Category intravenous sets etc.) Cat. No. 8 Disinfections by chemical treatment and discharge into drain Liquid Waste (waste generated from laboratory & washing, cleaning , house-keeping and disinfecting activities) Conti..

13. Option Treatment & Disposal Waste Category Cat. No. 9 Disposal in municipal landfill Incineration Ash (ash from incineration of any bio-medical waste) Cat. No. 10 Chemical ly Rx disinfection & discharge into drains for liquid Chemical waste (chemicals used in production of biologicals , chemical used in insecticides etc) Conti..

14. NOTE: Chemicals treatment using at least 1% hypochlorite solution or any other equivalent chemical reagent should ensure the disinfection. Mutilation/shredding must be such so as to prevent unauthorized reuse. There will be no chemical pretreatment before incineration. PVC shall not be incinerated. Conti..

15. The central pollution board has recommended two types of incinerators : Incinerators for individual hospital/nursing homes/ medical establishments Common incinerator to handle waste. from a number of hospitals/nursing homes /pathological laboratories etc. INCINRATORS

16. COLOR CODING &TYPE OF CONTAINER FOR DISPOSAL OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE

17. Color Coding Type of Container Waste Category Treatment Options Yellow Plastic bag Categories 1,2,3 & 6 Incineration/ deep burial Red Plastic bag Categories 3,6,7 Autoclaving/Micro waving/ Chemical Treatment Blue/white Translucen -t plastic bag/ puncture proof containers Categories 4,7 Autoclaving/Micro waving/ chemical treatment

18. Color Coding Type of Container Waste Category Treatment Options Blue/ White translucen -t Plastic bag/puncture proof container Categories 4,7 Autoclaving/Micro waving/ chemical treatment and destruction Black Plastic bag Categories5,9,10 (Solid) Disposal in secured landfill Conti..

19. Different labels for bio-medical waste container & bags shall be require for identification & safe Handling of this waste. These labels for storage /Transportation of biomedical waste are as: LABEL FOR BIO-MEDICAL WASTE CONTAINERS/BAGS

20. All items sent to incinerator/burial to be placed in yellow colored bags. All biomedical waste to be sent for microwave/ autoclaving/chemical treatment to be packed in a blue/white translucent bags. Important points to keep in mind

21. Any other waste to be sent to shedder after autoclaving/chemical treatment to be packed in black bag. All bags /containers are to be filled up only 3/4 th capacity & removed from the site of generation regularly &timely. Wastes that require decontamination/ disinfection at the site of generation (plastic or sharp materials should be removed only after treatment) Conti..

22. Indicators Checklist Indicator 1 Sharp instruments are handled safely to minimize the risk of a sharp injury: Appropriate puncture-proof sharp containers. Container less than three-quarters full. No recapping or one-hand recapping. Indicator 2 Instruments decontaminated fully: Sterilizer available & in good INFECTION CONTROL INDICATORS

23. Indicators Checklist working order Equipment thoroughly cleaned after use. Clean instruments are stored in cupboards. Indicator 3 Hands are washed appropriately to prevent cross infection: Soap & water available. Clean towels available. Staff observed to wash and dry hands after Conti..

24. Indicators Checklist contact with body Fluid, removal of gloves & contact with patients. Indicator 4 A protective barrier is to worn to prevent exposure to blood The following protective barriers are available for use by staff (Depending on the clinical area & risk of exposure) Disposable gloves Heavy duty gloves Masks Conti..

25. Indicators Checklist Protective eyewear Indicator 5 Waste disposal safety: Evidence of deep burial or burning regularly. No contaminated waste visible Conti..