bird_navigation_and_lotus_leaf_effect.pptx

Bird navigation

1. Navigation and Flight: From Birds to Aircraft & Beyond Biology for Engineers Module 4 Atria Institute of Technology

2. Bird Navigation Mechanisms Piloting: mental maps via visual, acoustic, olfactory cues Olfactory Mapping: scent-based wayfinding Celestial Mapping: using sun, stars, and night skies Magnetoreception: cryptochromes in retina Insert image: migratory_birds.jpg

3. Global Positioning System (GPS) Network of ~32 satellites (24 core + 8 backups) Ground stations monitor satellite health Receiver devices calculate position via signals Trilateration: requires 4+ satellites for a 3D fix Insert image: gps_satellite.png

4. Flight Mechanics - Forces & Bernoulli Weight (gravity) vs Lift (pressure differential) Drag vs Thrust: balance for sustained flight Lift ∝ wing area; angle of attack and stall Dragonfly agility inspires rotorcraft design Insert diagram: wing_airflow_diagram.png

5. Lotus Leaf Effect & Applications Superhydrophobicity: contact angle >150° Micro-nano structures for self-cleaning Applications in coatings, textiles, and wood Eco-friendly hydrophobic finishes Insert close-up: lotus_leaf_microstructure.jpg

6. Conclusion & Bio-Inspiration Multimodal navigation in birds vs GPS tech Engineering designs inspired by biology Superhydrophobic materials from nature Future research and applications Insert collage: bio_inspired_designs.jpg