BLADDER CANCER copy.pptx

Bladder cancer ,anatomy , nurses management

1. BLADDER CANCER PRESENTED BY: DEVIKA SHAJI ESHA NIZAR LEKSMI B NAIR NIKHITHA RAMESH RAHNA V RAJ

2. DEFINITION Bladder cancer occur when cells in the bladder start to grow without control. The bladder is a hollow ,balloon shaped organ in the lower part of the abdomen that stores urine.

3. TYPES Urothelial carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Small cell carcinoma

4. epidemiology Globally,bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer type in terms of absolute number of cells with approximately 5,75000 new diagnosis in 2020,more than three quarters occurring in men.In Indian, bladder cancer is rare malignancy .The average age of people whom they are diagnosed is 73.

5. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ANATOMY Urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ which function as the reservoir for the urine received from the kidney and to discharge it out periodically. SHAPE:The empty bladder resembles a four sided pyramid.It has 4 angles, apex,neck,2lateral angles. POSITION:When empty situated within the true pelvis.

6. PHYSIOLOGY The bladder has two main functions which are the storage and emptying of urine.The bladder maintains continence, by delaying and controlling urination.

7. hISTOPATHOLOGY SITE: Most urothelial tumor arise from the lateral or posterior wall of the bladder base.

8. RISK FACTORS Cigarette smoking Exposure to dye used in the rubber and other industries. Chronic renal calculi Chronic lower UTI Analgesics Radiation

9. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

10. CLINICAL FEATURES Hematuria Pelvic pain Back pain Change in urinary habit Frequent UTI Painful urination Burning sensation during urinating

11. DIAGNOSTIC TEST CT Scan Ultrasound MRI Scan Cytoscopy Biopsy X-Ray Intravenous pyelogram

12. TREATMENT Biological therapy Surgical management Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Gene therapy Radiation therapy Surgery-TURBT

13. COMPLICATIONS EARLY: Infection Bleeding Bladder perforation LATE: Urethral stenosis Eletrolyte abnormalities Cystitis Constipation

14. NURSING DIAGNOSIS Acute pain related to justative voiding symptoms and catheter related discomfort. Impaired urinary elimination related to hematuria and transurethral surgery. Anxiety related to disease condition. Deficient knowledge related to progress of disease and future treatment.