BLEPHARITIS [Autosaved] group 32.pptx yyuhyyy

For medical surgical treatment

1. BLEPHARITIS GROUP 3

2. GROUP MEMBERS ALPHA MBENDERA CHIKONDI MAGWAYA RABECCA KADYANKHUNDI DORIA KAUNDA ETHEL NAMATIKA MEMORY KUMWENDA DENNIS KAMATA ENNOCENT ULAYA KENNEDY KAMATA

3. BROAD OBJECTIVE By the end of this presentation ,student nurses should be able to acquire knowledge on blepharitis.

4. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES By the end of this presentation, student nurses should be able to; Describe blepharitis Explain the incidence of blepharitis Outline the factors influencing blepharitis Explain the etiology of blepharitis Describe the pathophysiology of blepharitis Describe the two types of blepharitis Outline the clinical manifestations of blepharitis Describe the diagnostic test of blepharitis

5. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES cont … List the nursing diagnosis Describe the medical/ surgical management of blepharitis Explain on how to teach the patient on blepharitis Outline the complications of blepharitis

6. DEFINITION OF BLEPHARITIS Blepharitis is the inflammation of the eyelids. It usually involves the part of the eyelid where the eyelashes grow and affects both eyelids. Blepharitis commonly occurs when tiny oil glands (meibomian gland) located near the base of the eyelashes become clogged.

7. INCIDENCE OF BLEPHALITIS The prevalence of blepharitis may vary from 37.0% to 50.0% It is most often affecting people over 50 years of age( this is because as people get old the glands in the eyelids that secrete part of tears become clocked more easily)

8. FACTORS INFLUENCING BLEPHARITIS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Cold windy weather make tears to dry causing blepharitis Air-conditioned environments BEHAVIORAL FACTORS Prolonged computer usage Use of cosmetics Not drinking enough water leading to dehydration

9. FACTORS INFLUENCING BLEPHARITIS cont …. PHYSICAL FACTORS Eye injury

10. ETIOLOGY OF BLEPHARITIS Seborrheic demartitis is the common problem affecting the scalp, eyebrows, face and eyelids bacterial infection Clogged or malfunctioning of oil glands in your eyelids Rosacea it is a skin condition characterized by facial redness Allergies including allergic reactions to eye medications, contact lens solutions or eye makeup Eyelash mites or lice

11. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BLEPHARITIS When there is a direct infection of the eye lid, this evokes reaction of staphylococcal exotoxin which provoke allergic response to staphylococcal antigens(immune response). This in return can cause the inflammation of the eyelids as the antibodies fight the infection.

12. TYPES OF BLEPHARITIS Anterior blepharitis Posterior blepharitis

13. ANTERIOR BLEPHARITIS Found on the outside of the eyelid, including the area where your eyelashes attach.

14. POSTERIOR BLEPHARITIS Found on the inside of the eyelid, next to your eyeballs and tied to problems with oil gland.

15. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Watery eyes Red eyes A gritty or burning or stinging sensation in the eyes Eyelids that appear greasy Itchy eyelids Red swollen eyelids Flaking of the skin around the eyes

16. Cont.. Crusted eyelashes upon awakening Eyelid sticking More frequent blinking Sensitivity to light Eyelashes that grow abnormally (misdirected eyelashes) Loss of eyelashes

17. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS History taking Physical examination Laboratory investigations -microbiological examinations. Radiography -CT scan -with a slit examination

18. Cont… Swabbing skin test In certain cases, the doctor may use a swab to collect a sample of oil or crust that forms on your eyelid. This sample can be analyzed for bacteria, fungi or evidence of an allergy.

19. NURSING MANAGEMENT NURSING DIAGNOSIS Acute pain r/t inflammation secondary to bacterial infection evidenced by patient’s verbalization Anxiety r/t visual impairment or damage to the eyelids evidenced by patient looking stressed. Disturbed sensory perception (visual) r/t disruption reception status of sensory organ.

20. NURSING MANAGEMENT cont.. Knowledge deficit r/t less information of the disease related to patient asking a lot of questions Risk for injury r/t blurred vision.

21. NURSING INTERVATIONS Advise the patient to apply a warm compress over your closed eyes for some minutes to loosen the crusty deposits on the eyelids Rinse your eyelids with warm water and gently pat it dry with a clean, dry towel Advise the patient to stop using makeup in ladies since then can also cause irritation Encourage patient to eat foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids like salmon (fresh water fish)

22. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Washing the eye and using warm compress may be the only treatment necessary for most cases of blepharitis. But if that doesn’t work the doctor can suggest prescription treatment including; Medications that fight infections eg Gentamicin sulfate drops Treat underlying causes Medications to control inflammation eg Azithromycin eye drops

23. PATIENT TEACHING Encourage the patient to comply to prescribed medications Wear glasses in windy environments The patient should avoid being in air-conditioned rooms Patient should avoid use of cosmetics The patient should practice hygiene

24. COMPLICATIONS Madarosis (loss of eyebrows or eyelashes) Entropion (eyelid margins turn inward, resulting in malpositioning of the eyelid) Ectropion (a condition of loosing eyeylids, characterized by the turning outward of the lower eyelid) Trichiasis (in grown eyelash) Chalazion (a cyst in the eyelid, caused the inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland) Bacterial conjunctivitis

25. References Lemone P. and Burke K.M. (1996) medical surgical nursing; critical thinking in client care . California. Cummings publishing company Inc. Smeltzer S.C, Bare B.G, Hinkle J.L, Cheeve K.H, (2008), Brunner and Suddarth’s textbook of medical surgical nursing , (11 th E.D), Philadelphia, Lippincott William and Wilkins.