blindness-240221081546-de056623.pptx blind

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1. BLINDNESS

2. INTRODUCTION Blindness can be temporary or permanent. Damage to any portion of the eye, the optic nerve, or the area of the brain responsible for vision can lead blindness. Blindness is a lack of vision. It may also refers to a loss of vision that cannot be corrected with glasses or contact lenses

3. DEFINATION WHO definition   of blindness Visual acuity of less than 3/60 (Snellens) or its equivalent. In the absence appropriate vision charts (By non-specialized personnel), the WHO has now added the “Inability to count fingers in daylight at a distance of 3 meters” to indicate less than 3/60 or its equivalent.

4. WORLD PROBLEM 180 million people worldwide are visually disabled, of them 45 million are blind • 80% of blindness is avoidable. • Major cause of blindness and their estimated prevalence are – Cataract 19 million – Glaucoma 6.4 million – Trachoma 5.6 million – Childhood blindness > 1.5 million – Others 10 million – 32% of world’s blind are aged 45-59 years 58% are >60 years old

5. CAUSES OF BLINDNESS According to WHO estimates in 2002, the most common cause of blindness around the World are: Cataracts ( 47.9%) Glaucoma (12.3%) Age related- Degeneration of ocular tissue (8.7%) Corneal Opacity (5.1%) Diabetic retinopathy (4.8%) Amaurosis fugax is a sudden blindness from decreased blood supply via the ophthalamic artery. Accidents (such as chemical burns or sports injuries) Trachoma. Vitamin A deficiency. Complications of eye surgery. congenital cataract congenital glaucoma

6. India 2001-02 National survey on blindness – Cataract 62.6% – Uncorrected Refractive error 19.7% – Glaucoma 5.8% – Posterior segment pathology 4.7% – Corneal opacity 0.9% – Other causes 6.2%

7. TYPES OF BLINDNESS 1.  Partial Blindness - means very limited vision. 2.Complete Blindness- It means you cannot see anything and do not see light. 3.Color blindness– difficulty to distinguish green and red 4. Night blindness – difficulty to see objects in dark 5. Snow blindness – temporary impairment in vision due to excessive exposure to uv. 6. Legal blindness – central vision 20/200 7. Temporary blindness – vision loss shorter period 8. Permanent blindness – vision loss for life time 9. Unilateral blindness – loss of vision in one eye 10. Bilateral blindness – loss of vision in both eye

8. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS Seeing only shadows Poor night vision Tunnel vision- a vision defect where objects cannot be seen unless they are near the center of the visual field.  Cloudy vision

9. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION   History collection Physical examination Visual acuity testing Ophthalmoscopy

10. MANAGEMENT  In some cases of vision impairment, one or more of the following may help restore vision: Eyeglasses Contact lenses Surgery Medication If you experience partial blindness that can’t be corrected, doctor will provide guidance on how to function with limited vision. For example, you can use a magnifying glass to read, increase the text size on your computer, and use audio clocks and audio books.

11. CONT…   Complete blindness requires approaching life in a new way and learning new skills. For example, you may need to learn how to: Read Braille- a system of writing for the blind that uses characters made up of raised dots. Use a guide dog Organize your home so you can easily find things and stay safe Fold money in distinct ways to distinguish bill amounts You can also consider getting some adaptive products, like a specialized Smartphone, color identifier, and accessible cookware. There’s even adaptive sporting equipment, like sensory soccer balls- blind or vision impaired with game balls with beepers and/or bells to allow auditory tracking.

12. Neuralink’s new Blindsight implant can restore vision, says Elon Musk The experimental implant was granted "breakthrough device" status by the US Food and Drug Administration on Tuesday. Elon Musk expressed gratitude on X, noting that the device "will enable even those who have lost both eyes and their optic nerve to see."

13. PREVENTION To detect eye diseases and help prevent vision loss, get regular eye examinations. If you receive a diagnosis of certain eye conditions, such as glaucoma, treatment with medication can help prevent blindness. To help prevent vision loss, the American Optometric Association recommends that have child’s eyes examined: at 6 months of age at 3 years of age every year between 6 and 17 years old If you notice symptoms of vision loss between routine visits, make an appointment with their eye doctor immediately.

14. THANK YOU