Blood

Blood is a liquid connective tissue that contains cellular elements (blood cells) and fluid matrix (plasma).
Blood helps in the transportation of different substances throughout the body.
Study of blood and its disease is known as Hematology.

1. Blood Amjad Khan Afridi Chapter # 04

2. Blood is a liquid connective tissue that contains cellular elements (blood cells) and fluid matrix (plasma). Blood helps in the transportation of different substances throughout the body. Study of blood and its disease is known as  Hematology.

3. Composition of Blood: Cellular substances (Blood cells) :  45% (RBC 44%) & buffy coat containing platelets & WBC 1% ) Plasma:  55% (Of total: 91% liquid & Solid 9%).

4. PLASMA 55% 1% 44% Water Ions Proteins Nutrients Wastes Gases Platelets White Blood Cells Red Blood Cells

5. Blood cells: Erythrocytes or Red blood cells (RBC) Leucocytes or White blood cells (WBC) Platelets or Thrombocytes

6. Plasma Plasma = (Blood- Blood cells) It is the liquid part of blood and is composed of 90-92 % water, 7-8 % plasma protein and 1-2% other substances (glucose, amino acids, electrolytes, ammonia, enzymes, hormones, vitamins, etc ).

7. Plasma proteins: Helps in maintaining osmotic pressure, coagulation of blood, viscosity, blood pressure, defensive action, transport of gases. The solvent property of water helps in transport of nutrients as well as metabolic wastes from one part of body to another part Liver produces about 30gm of plasma protein each day.

8. Types Albumin:  (58-60%) most abundant, main function is to maintain plasma osmotic pressure (Oncotic pressure). Globulin: ( 36-38%) – It is important for  immunoglobulin . The most important globulin is gamma globulin. Fibrinogen: ( 3-4%) – It helps in blood clotting.

9. Electrolytes-  Na, K, Cl , Ca , HCO 3 Nutrients-  Glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, Vitamins & minerals. Gases:  Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen. Waste products:  Urea, Uric acid, Creatinine .

10. Properties of Blood: Amount:  : 7-9% of total body weight; 79ml/kg Blood volume : 5-6 liters Viscosity:  (3.5-5.5) times more than water. Specific Gravity: 045-1.065 PH: 3-7.4 (slightly alkaline) Venous blood has low pH than the arterial blood as venous blood has more CO Temperature-  38 C (100.4F) Osmotic pressure – 25 mm Hg. Color:  red, due to haemoglobin

11. Functions of Blood i. Transportation: transport of O2 from lungs to body tissue and CO2 from tissue to lungs transport of wastes of cellular metabolism from body tissue to kidney, liver or sweat gland and eventually removal out of body Transport of hormones, enzymes, other chemicals throughout the body. Nutrients absorbed in the digestive tract, such as glucose, amino acids, vitamins, minerals etc and are circulated to all body tissues. Waste products of the tissues, such as urea and creatinine, circulate through the kidneys and are excreted in urine.

12. ii. Regulation (Homeostasis): regulate body temperature distribution of heat throughout the body iii. Balance Maintaining electrolyte balance Maintain acid base balance iv. Protection: protect body from harmful microorganisms, by WBCs, protein and antibody develop immune response (plasma protein).

13. Thank You 9 th December, 2021